PRESENTED BY

MEHWISH ISHAQ SHUMAILA SEHER BISMA MOBEEN SUMAIYA ASLAM

Objectives
Definition of air
Importance of Air Composition of Air

Impurities of Air
Definition of Ventilation Types of Ventilation Importance of Ventilation & effects on health Housing Types, standards and needs of Housing

IMPORTANCE OF AIR:
Essential for maintenance of life Interchange of gases during respiration Regulation of body temperature Oxygen in the air is life force in each cell of the body. An average person breathes 35lbs of air each day which is about 6 times of his food and water intake. The special senses of hearing and smell function through air transmitted stimuli.

CONTD....
Diseases agents may be conveyed by air.
Human beings need a continuous supply of air to exist.

The requirement for air is relatively constant about 10-20m cube per day.

COMPOSITION OF AIR
CO2, 0.03, 0% Othe r gases , 0.04, 0%

Oxygen, 20.93, 21%

Nitrogen, 78.1, 79%

HOW AIR BECOMES IMPURE?

By respiration of men and animals,combustion of oil,gases etc.
The decomposition of organic matter and

trade traffic and manufacturing processes which gives off dust,fumes,vapours and gases.

NATURAL MECHA NISM TO CLEAN THE AIR

WIND
SUNLIGHT RAIN

PLANT LIFE

VENTILATION
DEFINITION:
VENTILATION MEAN THE CONSTANT REPLACEMENT OF FOUL AIR BY SUPPLY OF

FRESH AIR,WITH CONTROL OF QUALITYOF TEMPETATURE,HUMIDITY AND PURITY OF INCOMING AIR.

Types of Ventilation:
There are two types of ventilation:
1. Artificial ventilation 2. Natural ventilation

1: Artificial ventilation: It may be of following types:

Exhaust ventilation: Here air is extracted

or exhusted to the outside by exahust fans usually driven by electtricity.

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Plenum ventilation: Here fresh air is blown
into the room by centrifugal fans so as to create a positive pressure and displace the vitiated air.

AIR Conditioning: The simultaneous

control of all or at least the first three of these factors affecting both the physical and chemical conditions of atmosphere within any confined space or room;

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Balanced ventilation: This is combination
of the exhaust ventilation and plenum systems of suction ventilation the blowing fan must balance the exhaust fans.

2:Natural ventilation: Wind: It is an active force in

ventilation.when it blows through the room its called perflation.but if there is obstruction it bypasses and exerts action at its tail end.

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DIFFUSIOUN: Air passes through the
smallest openings.this is slow process and not relaiable.

IN_EQUALITY OF TEMPERATURE: Air

flows from high density to low density.it rises when slightly heated and escapes from openings provided high up in the room.the outside cooler. air which is more dense will move in.

IMPORTANCE OF VENTILATION AND ITS BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS.

ventilation is very important for normal function of respiration.
IT prevents suffocation which even can cause

death. It is also very necessary for good health. It is also enhances the physical activities. It has pleasant and positive effect on our behaviour.

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It also maintains the temperature of the rooms.
It save us from DYSAPNEA;

It reduce dryness of in-door air by humid outdoor air;

HOUSING
DEFINITION: Residential environment (Housing) is a part of total environment affecting the health of an individual and the community to a great extend.

Needs:
A good housing provide the following needs:
1. Physical needs

2. Psychological needs

Physical needs.
1. Living rooms
2. Free from objectionable odour air movement(noise:50 to 70 Db).

3. Light and tap water supply.

4. Drainage of water and rooms should be damp proof.

5. Place for collection of refuse and its disposal.

6. Bathrooms and sanitary latrine.

7. Pucca /cemented floor. 8. Safe house means protected from (wind,

storm, extreme weathers, animals, rodents and snakes.

TYPES OF HOUSING
Urban housing
Rural housing

Psychological Needs
1.
2. 3.

4.
5.

6. 7.

Safe house from external threats Well Ventilated house Lighted house clean house Noise free house Aesthetic satisfaction. Good location and open space.

EFFECT OF POOR HOUSING ON HEALTH

Physiological effects:
1. Respiratory: (Common cold, TB, Influenza, 2.
Diphtheria, Bronchitis and Measles). Skin infection: Scabies, Ringworm,Leprocy.

3. Flies , Mosquitoes ,rats spread diseases. 4.Threadworm: In children due to sleeping together. 5.Accidents: Due to poor construction

Psycyhological efects
1. Sense of isolation.
2. Densely populated urban areas causes

behavioral disorders.

SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Following factors determining housing standard:
1. Family income, size of family and composition of housing. 2. Standard of living,life style and stage of life cycle. 3. Educational and cultural factors. 4. Cultural diverisity.

Any Question??

THANK YOU