PETROL ENGINES

PETROL ENGINES
What is an engine?
It is a device for converting stored energy into useful work or movement.

Most engines use a fuel as their energy store.The fuel is burnt to produce heat energy,which is then converted into movement

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES
Engines can be classified according to the fuel they use

PETROL ENGINES

DIESEL ENGINES

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES
Engines can be classified according to the fuel they use

PETROL ENGINES

DIESEL ENGINES

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES
Engines can be classified according to the fuel they use

PETROL ENGINES

DIESEL ENGINES

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES (Contd..) Engines can also be classified according to whether the fuel is burnt inside or outside the engine

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

EXTERNALENGINES (Steam Engine)

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES (Contd..) Engines can also be classified according to whether the fuel is burnt inside or outside the engine

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

EXTERNALENGINES (Steam Engine)

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES (Contd..) Engines can also be classified according to whether the fuel is burnt inside or outside the engine

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

EXTERNALENGINES (Steam Engine)

TYPES OF PETROL ENGINES

The Petrol engines may be classified according to

1.Number of cylinders 2.Cylinder arrangements 3.Valve arrangements 4.Speed of the engines 5.Cooling system 6.Lubrication system used 7.Number of strokes used.

HORIZONTAL ENGINE

VERTICAL CYLINDER FOUR STROKE ENGINE

VERTICAL CYLINDER TWO STROKE ENGINE

TWIN CYLINER ENGINE

V TYPE STIRLING ENGINES

SIX CYLINDER ENGINE

ROTARY ENGINE

WANKEL ENGINE/ROTARY ENGINE

FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE

Horizontally opposed engine

RADIAL ENGINE

SPARK PLUG

EXHAUST PORT INLET PORT TRANSFER PORT

CYLINDER

TWO STROKE ENGINES

In this type of engines the cycle is completed in two strokes.When the piston moves from B.D.C to T.D.C, the air and fuel mixture is taken inside the crank case. T D C position B D C position

STROKE
Stroke is the distance of the piston travels from BDC to TDC

stroke
TDC

BDC

This measurements are used to figure the piston displacement

When the piston moves from T.D.C to B.D.C the inlet port is closed, the mixture is compressed and transferred the into the cylinder through transfer port. piston exhaust port

Inlet port
Transfer port

When the piston moves from T.D.C to B.D.C the inlet port is closed, the mixture is compressed and transferred the into the cylinder through transfer port. piston exhaust port

Inlet port
Transfer port

When the piston moves from T.D.C to B.D.C the inlet port is closed, the mixture is compressed and transferred the into the cylinder through transfer port. piston exhaust port

Inlet port
Transfer port

When the piston is moving upward ,the mixture is compressed. At the same time,air and fuel mixture is coming into the crankcase.

exhaust port

Inlet port
Transfer port
NO FUEL MIXTURE AVAILABLE

When the piston is moving upward ,the mixture is compressed. At the same time,air and fuel mixture is coming into the crankcase. Compressed mixture exhaust port

Inlet port
Transfer port

At the end of the compression stroke, a spark is given by a spark plug.The fuel mixture expands rapidly.A high power is produced. This power forces the piston downwards.So the piston moves from T.D.C to B.D.C
Burning the fuel mixture exhaust port

Inlet port
Transfer port

When the piston comes down, the exhaust port opens and exhaust gases are going out.At the same time,the transfer port also opens and the fresh mixture comes inside the cylinder

exhaust port

Inlet port
Transfer port

Thus the four strokes are completed in two strokes of the engine

When the piston comes down, the exhaust port opens and exhaust gases are going out.At the same time,the transfer port also opens and the fresh mixture comes inside the cylinder

exhaust port

Inlet port
Transfer port

Thus the four strokes are completed in two strokes of the engine

ADVANTAGES OF TWO STROKE ENGINES 1.Simple in construction 2.Easy to manufacture 3.Low cost 4.Simple lubrication system 5.Uniform power production (one power stroke for every revolution of the crank shaft)

6.There is no separate valve operating mechanism

7.More power is produced

DISADVANTAGES OF TWO STROKE PETROL ENGINES

1.It consumes more lubrication oil 2.Wear and tear more 3 Not suitable for heavy duty engines 4.More wastage (unburnt fuel may escape through port) 5.The dead gases can not be removed completely

FOUR STROKE ENGINES

FIRST STROKE SUCTION STROKE
While the inlet valve is open ,the descending piston draws fresh petrol and air mixture into the cylinder.

Fig.

FOUR STROKE ENGINES

FIRST STROKE SUCTION STROKE
While the inlet valve is open ,the descending piston draws fresh petrol and air mixture into the cylinder.

IN LET VALVE OPEN POSITION

EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION

Fig.

FOUR STROKE ENGINES

FIRST STROKE SUCTION STROKE
While the inlet valve is open ,the descending piston draws fresh petrol and air mixture into the cylinder.

IN LET VALVE OPEN POSITION

EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION

Fig.

FOUR STROKE ENGINES

FIRST STROKE SUCTION STROKE
While the inlet valve is open ,the descending piston draws fresh petrol and air mixture into the cylinder.

IN LET VALVE OPEN POSITION

EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION

Fig.

FOUR STROKE ENGINES

FIRST STROKE SUCTION STROKE
While the inlet valve is open ,the descending piston draws fresh petrol and air mixture into the cylinder.

IN LET VALVE OPEN POSITION

EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION

Fig.

SECOND STROKE-COMPRESSION STROKE While the valves are closed,the rising piston compresses the mixture to a pressure about 7-8atm; the mixture is then ignited by the spark plug.
IN LET VALVE CLOSE POSITION EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION

Fig.

SECOND STROKE-COMPRESSION STROKE While the valves are closed,the rising piston compresses the mixture to a pressure about 7-8atm; the mixture is then ignited by the spark plug.
IN LET VALVE CLOSE POSITION EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION

Fig.

SECOND STROKE-COMPRESSION STROKE While the valves are closed,the rising piston compresses the mixture to a pressure about 7-8atm; the mixture is then ignited by the spark plug.
IN LET VALVE CLOSE POSITION EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION

Fig.

SECOND STROKE-COMPRESSION STROKE While the valves are closed,the rising piston compresses the mixture to a pressure about 7-8atm; the mixture is then ignited by the spark plug.
IN LET VALVE CLOSE POSITION EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION

Fig.

THIRD STROKE-POWER STROKE While the valves are closed the pressure of the burned gases of the combustion forces push the piston downwards.
IN LET VALVE CLOSE POSITION EXHAUST VALVE OPEN POSITION

Fig.

FOURTH STROKE-EXHAUST STROKE The exhaust valve is open and the rising piston discharges the spent gases from the cylinder.

Fig.

SUCTION STROKE

COMPRESSION STROKE

POWER STROKE

EXHAUST STROKE

ADVANTAGES OF FOUR STROKE ENGINES

1.Less fuel consumption 2.Thermal efficiency is more 3.More volumetric efficiency

4.Less wear and tear.

DISADVANTAGES OF FOUR STROKE ENGINES

1.More components

2.Separate valve operating mechanism is required.

3.More cost

4.More complicated design.

PISTON ARRANGEMENT IN TWIN CYLINDER ENGINE

CONNECTING ROD

CRANK SHAFT

PISTON ARRANGEMENT IN FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE

PISTON ARRANGEMENT IN FIVE CYLINDER ENGINE

PISTON

PISTON RINGS

PISTON PIN BOSS PISTON SKIRT PISTON TOP RING GROOVES FIRE RING

CYLINDER,PISTON, SPARK PLUG AND VALVES ARRANGEMENT