MYRRHA

Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications

A flexible and fast spectrum irradiation facility ThEC13, CERN, Geneva (CH) October 28-31, 2013

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MYRRHA
Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications A flexible and fast spectrum irradiation facility
Prof. Dr. Hamid At Abderrahim
SCKCEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium haitabde@sckcen.be or myrrha@sckcen.be

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MYRRHA - Accelerator Driven System

Accelerator
(600 MeV - 4 mA proton) Subcritical or Critical modes 65 to 100 MWth

Reactor

Spallation Source

Multipurpose Flexible Irradiation Facility

Fast Neutron Source

Lead-Bismuth coolant
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MYRRHA Accelerator Challenge

fundamental parameters (ADS) particle beam energy beam current
mode MTBF

p 600 MeV 4 mA
CW > 250 h
failure = beam trip > 3 s

implementation superconducting linac frequency 176.1 / 352.2 / 704.4 MHz

reliability = redundancy

double injector
fault tolerant scheme
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About beam trips

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More on MYRRHA accelerator see paper THOAD09 by Roberto Salemme et al.

MYRRHA linac

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Reactor layout
Reactor Vessel Reactor Cover Core Support Structure

Core Reflector Assemblies Dummy Assemblies Fuel Assemblies Spallation Target Assembly and Beam Line Above Core Structure
Core Plug Multifunctional Channels Core Restraint System

Core Barrel Core Support Plate Jacket

Control Rods, Safety Rods, Mo-99 production units Primary Heat Exchangers Primary Pumps Si-doping Facility Diaphragm IVFHS
IVFS IVFHM

SCKCEN

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Core and Fuel Assemblies

151 positions 37 multifunctional plugs

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Core and Fuel Assemblies

Fuel
Cladding in 15-15 Ti Wire wrap Wrapper in T91

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Cooling systems
Decay heat removal (DHR) through secondary loops
4 independent loops redundancy (each loop has 100% capability) passive operation (natural convection in primary, secondary and tertiary loop)

Ultimate DHR through RVCS (natural convection)

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Integration into building

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Multipurpose facility ADS demonstration & P&T Research

Material research FFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm.s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes

Fuel research tot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm.s

F = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm.s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes

Fission GEN IV

Fusion
High energy LINAC 600 MeV 1 GeV Long irradiation time

50 to 100 MWth FFast = ~1015 n/cm.s (En>0.75 MeV)

Waste
Fth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm.s (En<0.4 eV)

Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications

Radioisotopes

Fundamental research
Silicon doping
Fth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm.s (En<0.4 eV)

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Motivation for transmutation

Relative radiotoxicity

transmutation of spent fuel

spent fuel reprocessing

no reprocessing

Uranium naturel

Time (years)

Duration Reduction 1.000x

Volume Reduction 100x

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European Strategy for P&T

The implementation of P&T of a large part of the high-level nuclear wastes in Europe needs the demonstration of its feasibility at an engineering level. The respective R&D activities could be arranged in four building blocks:
1. Demonstration of the capability to process a sizable amount of spent fuel from commercial LWRs in order to separate plutonium (Pu), uranium (U) and minor actinides (MA), 2. Demonstration of the capability to fabricate at a semi-industrial level the dedicated fuel needed to load in a dedicated transmuter (JRC/ITU), 3. Design and construction of one or more dedicated transmuters,

4. Provision of a specific installation for processing of the dedicated fuel unloaded from the transmuter, which can be of a different type than the one used to process the original spent fuel unloaded from the commercial power plants, together with the fabrication of new dedicated fuel.

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Fast Neutron are unavoidable for transmutation

To transmute MAs, we need to fission them The ration Fission/Capture is more favorable with fast neutrons

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Is sub-criticality a luxury?
Both Critical reactors as well as ADS can be used as MAs transmuters Nevertheless, critical reactors, heavily loaded with MAs, can experience severe safety issue due to reactivity effect induced by a smaller fraction of delayed neutrons. ADS can operate in a more flexible and safer manner even if heavily loaded with MAs hence leading to efficient transmutation therefore we say that sub-criticality is not a luxury but a necessity.
accelerator

Proton Beam

Spallation Target
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Why sub-criticality is needed

Proton Accelerator

Spallation Source

Subcritical Neutron Multiplier

ADS is presently studied for the MAs transmutation due to their smaller fraction of delayed neutrons and their impact of the kinetics parameters of the reacteur
U 650 pcm 238U 1480 pcm 238Pu 120 pcm 239Pu 210 pcm 240Pu 270 pcm 241Pu 490 pcm 242Pu 573 pcm 237Np 334 pcm 241Am 113 pcm 243Am 208 pcm 242Cm 33 pcm 244Cm 100 pcm
235

If one wants to have a heavily loaded core (>10%), one needs to considre ADS

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ADS is the most efficient system for burning MAs

Pu Production Rate (grams / GWh)

MA Production Rate (grams / GWh)

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* Mike Cappiello, (LANL), The Potential Role of Accelerator Driven Systems in the US, ICRS-10/RPS2004, Madeira (PT), 2004

Even with completely different national NE policies European solution for HLW works with ADS
Spent fuel A

GROUP A
Pu + MA

Reprocessing A

ADS fuel fabrication Pu + MA ADS fuel reprocessing

ADS

MA

Reprocessing B

Spent fuel ADS

SHARED REGIONAL FACILITIES

Advantages for A ADS shared with B ADS burn As Pu& MA Smaller Fu-Cycle units & shared Advantages for B ADS shared with B ADS burn Bs MA As uses Bs Pu (part) as resource in FR FR fleet not contam with MAs Smaller Fu-Cycle units & shared

Pu MOX Fabrication PWR MOX

Spent fuel B
UOX Fabrication PWR UOX

GROUP B

Enriched U

Scenario 1 objective: elimination of As spent fuel by 2100

A = Countries Phasing Out, B = Countries Continuing
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Multipurpose facility
Material research FFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm.s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes

Fuel research tot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm.s

F = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm.s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes

Fission GEN IV

Fusion
High energy LINAC 600 MeV 1 GeV Long irradiation time

50 to 100 MWth FFast = ~1015 n/cm.s (En>0.75 MeV)

Waste
Fth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm.s (En<0.4 eV)

Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications

Radioisotopes

Fundamental research
Silicon doping
Fth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm.s (En<0.4 eV)

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Material Irradiation Performances for FR Reactors Critical@100 MW

IPS in Chan [0 0 0] Sample n 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 dpa/EFPY 18.1 23.0 25.9 27.5 27.2 25.7 22.3 17.3 tot 2.38E+15 2.85E+15 3.19E+15 3.37E+15 3.39E+15 3.23E+15 2.92E+15 2.50E+15

IPS in Chan [2 0 0] dpa/EFPY 16.2 20.7 23.3 24.5 24.5 22.9 19.9 15.5 tot 2.12E+15 2.54E+15 2.85E+15 3.02E+15 3.03E+15 2.89E+15 2.62E+15 2.23E+15
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MYRRHA-IMIFF for fusion material Material samples loaded in the spallation target vicinity
Core lay-out:
Irradiation in sub-critical mode 600MeV proton beam hitting the beam tube, with spallation directly in reactor coolant LBE, creating high energetic neutrons Sample holder cooled by He Sample temperature range: 200C 550C Sample temperature = controlled

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MYRRHA-IMIFF for fusion material

In sub-critical ADS-mode , a high appmHe/dpa ratio is reached, especially in the region of the window of spallation source Volume of 1 lt with appmHe/dpa ~ 12 close to spallation target

Useful volume 30 lt with range from 5 to 20 appmHe/dpa

(Pre-)selection of materials for fusion application

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MYRRHA for fusion irradiations

Estimated damage induced in DEMO and proposed irradiation conditions in IFMIF and MYRRHA-IMIFF
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Radioisotope (Mo-99) production capability Sub-critical @ 73 MW

300

Specific activity (Ci/g-U)

250 200 150 100 50 0 0 100 200 300 400 500

Mo-99, upper set Mo-99, central set Mo-99, lower set Tc-99m, upper set Tc-99m, central set Tc-99m, lower set

Average specific power 173 W/cm2

184 W/cm2

Time (hours)

171 W/cm2
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Radioisotope (Mo-99) production capability Critical @ 100 MW

Heat flux 400 W/cm2

Plate n Watt/cm2 1 198.6 2 203.4 3 208.8 4 215.1 5 217.8 6 219.3 7 218.6 8 214.7 9 209.1 10 203.0 11 198.2

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European Context
ESFRI European Strategic Forum for Research Infrastructure Knowledge Economy Energy Independence

SET Plan European Strategic Energy Plan

Confirmed on ESFRI priority list projects

27.11.2010

in ESNII (SNETP goals)

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15.11.2010

MYRRHA: an international network with a large Belgian dimension

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MYRRHA inspires many Euratom FP projects

TOPIC Coupling Fuels Materials Design FP5 MUSE FUTURE MEGAPIE SPIRE, TECLA PDS-XADS ADOPT Thermal-Hydraulics LFR Infrastructures Scenario Studies Safety ASCHLIM ESLY VELLA, MTRI3 PATEROS FP6 DM2 ECATS DM3 AFTRA DM4 DEMETRA DM1 DESIGN EUROTRANS FP7 FREYA FAIRFUELS MATTER GETMAT CDT MAX SERIM G4 THINS LEADER ADRIANA, SARGEN, NEWLANCER ARCAS SEARCH, SILER, MAXSIMA

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Belgian commitment: secured International consortium: under construction

others 576 M
2nd phase (11 y)

Consortium

Belgium 60 M (12 M/y x 5 y)

Belgium 324 M (36 M/y x 9 y)

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The project schedule Executing presently the FEED Phase: 2010-2014

2010-2014 2015 Front End Tendering & Engineering Procurement Design 2016-2018 Construction of components & civil engineering
2019 On site assembly 2020-2022 2023 2024Commissioning Progressive Full start-up exploitation

Minimise technological risks

Secure the licensing

preliminary dismantling plan

PDP

preliminary safety assesment

PSAR

environmental impact assesment

EIAR

Secure a sound management and investment structure

(Front End Engineering Design) 2010-2014/15

FEED

Central Project Team

Owner Consortium Group

Owner Engineering Team

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MYRRHA R&D facilities in TCH

LIMETS HLM Lab

US Lab

MEXICO COMPLOT LILIPUT. CRAFT

ESCAPE

HELIOS RHAPTER

34

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INVESTMENT PHASE

International Members Consortium Phase 1 As of early 2012

Primary investors Participation vehicle (Consortium members)

Belgian Federal Ministry of Energy (50%) Belgian Federal Ministry of Science Policy (50%)

Contribution to investment capital (960 M09)

ERIC (*)

IPR management rules tbd

SCKCEN
(on behalf of Belgian Federal Government)

40 %

BE

Major European partners

EU country
Public foundation

EU countries Asian country

EU ROW
(*) European Research Infrastructure Consortium
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A major Asian partner

EU FP7 (RTD) / SET-Plan (Energy) ROW

Asian country
EU participation
ROW participation

OPERATION PHASE

International Members Consortium - Phase 2

ERIC (*)
CLOSED/ SHARED INFORMATION for MoC
- Individual research of a member of Consortium - Collaborative research amongst members of Consortium - 3 years program commitment

Members of Consortium ~25%

BENEFITS for Members of Consortium Board position to control overal operation Priority of access Potential benefit of low price (compensation profit from commercial revenues) Capacity transfer flexibility (rules tbd)

OPEN INFORMATION

- Governments funding - Criteria of research excellence - Independant program access committee (PAC)

Open User Facility

~25%

SHARED INFORMATION for participants

~25%
- Distribution of information to participants

Collaborative research

CLOSED INFORMATION for participants

- RI - NTD Silicon

Contract research.. Commercial services

~25%

as qualified and licenced operator of the MYRRHA infrastructure under contractual arrangement with ERIC

SCKCEN

(*) European Research Infrastructure Consortium

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Conclusions
MYRRHA As a Multipurpose Fast Spetrum irradiation facility selected by ESFRI, is responding to:
The issue of addressing the nuclear waste legacy of present reactor technology through advance options (ADS, P&T) The SNETP need for a multipurpose research infrastructure expressed in its Strategic Research Agenda whatever the considered technology for Gen.IV systems The Objective of Belgium and SCKCEN to maintain a high level expertise in the country in the nuclear safety, nuclear technology and nuclear competencies independently of the future of NE The objective of the European Commission to make available a series of relevant irradiations facilities for the fusion material research community towards the DEMO construction Secure society needs for RI for medical applications and DoppedSi for renewable Energy
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MYRRHA: EXPERIMENTAL ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEM A pan-European, innovative and unique facility at Mol (BE)
MYRRHA HLM TCH Hall to visit Friday
BR2 reactor (existing)

Utilities buildings

MYRRHA reactor building MYRRHA LINAC high energy tunnel ECR source & Injector Building

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Copyright 2013 - SCKCEN PLEASE NOTE! This presentation contains data, information and formats for dedicated use ONLY and may not be copied, distributed or cited without the explicit permission of the SCKCEN. If this has been obtained, please reference it as a personal communication. By courtesy of SCKCEN.

SCKCEN Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nuclaire Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Stichting van Openbaar Nut Fondation d'Utilit Publique Foundation of Public Utility Registered Office: Avenue Herrmann-Debrouxlaan 40 BE-1160 BRUSSELS Operational Office: Boeretang 200 BE-2400 MOL

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