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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MANAGER

To:- A.K Chaubey

By:- Aditya Chauhan Section-D MBA-IB(Sem1)

GPRS
General packet radio service (GPRS) is A packet oriented mobile data service on the 2g and 3g cellular communication system global system for mobile communication.

Gprs usage is typically changed based on volume of data tranferred contrasting with ciruit switched.
The transmission is digital and isup to 115 kbps, while gsm has transmission up to 9.6 kbps. Another importantfeature of GPRS is that there is no dial-up connection to be completed for dataaccess.

Protocols Supported
Internet protocol (IP) in practice, built in mobile browser use IPV4 since IPV6 was not yet popular. Point to point protocol (ppp). In this mode PPP is often not supported by the mobile phone operater but if the mobile is used as A modem to the connected computer, PPP is used to tunnel IP to the phone. This allows an IP address to be assigned dynamically (IPCP not DHCP) to the mobile equipment. X.25 connections. This is typically used for applications like wireless payment terminals, although it has been removed from the standard. X.25 can still be supported over PPP, or even over IP, but doing this requires either A network-based router to perform encapsulation or intelligence built in to the end-device/terminal; E.G., User equipment (UE).

Technology Behind GPRS


New type of voice coder that turns voice into digital signals before they pass across the wireless network. The vocoder uses adaptive multi-rate speech transcoding (AMR) technology, which can handle twice as many simultaneous voice calls as a network that uses the old vocoder. GPRS supports peak download data rates of up to 115 kbps, with average speeds of 40 to 50 kbps, which is comparable to other 2.5G technologies, such as CDMA2000 1x. GPRS speeds are fast enough for applications such as multimedia messaging service (MMS) and a web browsing experience comparable to a wired dial-up modem

GPRS Architecture

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)


Code division multiple access(cdma) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. Cdma is an example of multiple access, which is where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies. Cdma is used as the access method in many mobile phone standards such as cdmaone, cdma2000 (the 3g evolution of cdmaone), and wcdma (the 3g standard used by gsm carriers), which are often referred to as simply cdma.

Uses
One of the early applications for code division multiplexing is in GPS. This predates and is distinct from its use in mobile phones. The qualcomm standard is-95, marketed as cdmaone. The qualcomm standard is-2000, known as cdma2000. This standard is used by several mobile phone companies, including the globalstarsatellite phone network. The umts 3g mobile phone standard, which uses wcdma. Cdma has been used in the omnitracs satellite system for transportation logistics.

Impementing CDMA Technology

Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM)


GSM (global system for mobile communications, originally groupe spcial mobile), is a standard set developed by the european telecommunications standards institute(etsi) to describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones. It became the de facto global standard for mobile communications with over 80% market share. The gsm standard was developed as a replacement for first generation (1g) analog cellular networks, and originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. This was expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuit-switched transport, thenpacket data transport via gprs(general packet radio services) and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM

Further improvements were made when the 3GPP developed third generation (3G) UMTS standards followed by fourth generation (4G) LTE advanced standards. GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for example in Canada and the United States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries because they were previously used for first-generation systems Most 3G networks in Europe operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band. For more information on worldwide GSM frequency usage, see GSM frequency bands.

Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided into timeslots for individual phones. This allows eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots (or burst periods) are grouped into a TDMA frame. Half-rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate for all 8 channels is 270.833 kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms. The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in gsm 850/900 and 1 watt in gsm 1800/1900.

Technical Details

GSM VS. CDMA

CDMA

GSM

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