UTTAR PRADESH POWER C0RPORATION LTD

KAMAL MITTAL EN- 4th YEAR

DESCRIPTION OF 220KV SUBSTATION, MURADNAGAR

The 220KV power substation has the capacity(2*160MVA+1*100MVA). It receives three 220kv lines from Sikandrabad, Loni and Dadri and two 400kv lines from Modipuram (circuit 1) and a newly installed circuit 2. It steps down this supply to 132kv, 66kv, 33kv and 11kv. 132kv line gives supply to Lalkuan, Morta, Newari, Modisteel, Hapur and Dasna, 33kv line to Rawli, Noorpur, Goelispat, and 11kv to New substation.

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM 220KV SUBSTATION MURADNAGAR

MAIN EQUIPMENTS AT MURADNAGAR SUBSTATION 220KV

LIGHTINING ARRESTER Used for protecting the equipment from surge voltages
CIRCUIT BREAKER used to protect the eqiupment by opening the circuit for over current and over voltages ISOLATORS Used for maintenance of the circuit in no load condition TRANSFORMERS Also known as the heart of substations. These are used to reduce the voltages at appropriate levels CURRENT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS It is a used in power systems to step downextra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for measurement or to operate a protective relay WAVETRAP Traps the high frequency signals

LIGHTNING ARRESTER
DEFINATION A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems to protect the insulation on the system from the damaging effect of lightning.

L.A CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

ALSO KNOWN AS SURGE ARRESTER USED IN THE POWER SYSTEMS TO PROTECT FROM LIGHTNING WHEN SUURGE TRAVELS ALONG THE LINE , THE ARRESTOR DIVERTS IT TO THE EARTH
1.Rod arrester 2.Horn gap arrester 3.Multi gap arrester 4.Expulsion type lightning arrester 5.Valve type lightning arrester 6. Silicon Carbide Arrestors 7. Metal Oxide Arrestors At MURAD NAGAR substation we use ZINC OXIDE ARRESTOR GAPLESS

CURRENT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT), or capacitance coupled voltage transformer (CCVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for measurement or to operate a protective relay. In its most basic form the device consists of three parts: two capacitors across which the transmission line signal is split, an inductive element to tune the device to the line frequency, and a transformer to isolate and further step down the voltage for the instrumentation or protective relay.

CURRENT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

CVTs are typically single-phase devices used for measuring voltages in excess of one hundred kilovolts where the use of wound primary voltage transformers would be uneconomical. In practice, capacitor C1 is often constructed as a stack of smaller capacitors connected in series. This provides a large voltage drop across C1 and a relatively small voltage drop across C2.

WAVE TRAP

Reliable & fast communication is necessary for safe efficient & economical power supply . To reduce the power failure in extent & time, to maintain the interconnected grid system in optimum working condition to coordinate the operation of various generating unit communication network is indispensable for state electricity board.

CURRENT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

Wave trap is an instrument using for trapping of the wave. The function of this trap is that it traps

the unwanted waves. Its function is of trapping

wave. Its shape is like a drum. It is connected to the main incoming feeder so that it can trap the

waves which may be dangerous to the instruments

here in the substation. Low pass filter when power frequency currents are passed to switch yard and

high frequency signals are blocked.

It is used for communication purpose.

ISOLATOR
Used to ensure that an electrical circuit is completely de-energised for service or maintenance. Such switches are often found in electrical distribution and industrial applications, where machinery must have its source of driving power removed for adjustment or repair. High-voltage isolation switches are used in electrical substations to allow isolation of apparatus such as circuit breakers, transformers, and transmission lines, for maintenance. The disconnector is usually not intended for normal control of the circuit, but only for safety isolation. Disconnector can be operated either manually or automatically (motorized disconnector)

Isolator

STEPS OF OPERATION OF ISOLATOR

SEQUENCE OF STEPS FOR ATTENDING
MAINTENANCE: 1. Open CB on no load or full load

2.
3.

Open the isolator on no load

Close the earth switch

SEQUENCE OF STEPS FOR KEPT IN SERVICE

1. 2. Open the earth switch Close the isolator

3.

Close the CB

CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker is equipment, which can

open or close a circuit under normal as well as

fault condition. These circuit breaker breaks for a fault which can damage other instrument

in the station. It is so designed that it can be

operated manually (or by remote control) under normal conditions and automatically

under fault condition. Whenever a fault occurs

trip coil gets energized, the moving contacts are pulled by some mechanism & therefore

the circuit is opened or circuit breaks.

CIRCUIT BREAKER
1. 2. Actuator mechanism - forces the contacts together or apart Contacts - Allow current when touching and break the current when moved apart Terminals Bimetallic strip. Calibration screw - allows the manufacturer to precisely adjust the trip current of the device after assembly. Solenoid Arc divider/extinguisher

3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

DIFFERENT CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Sulpar hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6) Sulphar hexa fluoride (SF6) gas is used as the arc quenching medium . The SF6 is an electronegative gas and has a strong tendency to absorb free electrons. Circuit breakers have been developed for voltage 115KV to 230KV , power rating10 MVA Vacuum circuit breakers Vacuum circuit breakers are circuit breakers which are used to protect medium and high voltage circuits from dangerous electrical situations

Oil circuit breaker A high-voltage circuit breaker in which the arc is drawn in oil to dissipate the heat and extinguish the arc; the intense heat of the arc decomposes the oil .
Air-blast circuit breaker Fast operations ,suitability for repeated operation , auto reclosure , unit type multi break constructions ,simple assembly , modest maintenance are some of the main features of air blast circuit breakers. A compressors plant necessary to maintain high air pressure in the air receiver.

2OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS

CIRCUIT BREAKER

Air-blast circuit breaker

Oil circuit breaker

Vacuum circuit breakers

Sulpar hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6)

TRANSFORMERS
POWER TRANSFORMERS Transformer is a static machine, which transforms the potential of alternating current at same frequency. It means the transformer transforms the low voltage into high voltage & high voltage to low voltage at same frequency. It works on the principle of mutual inductance. When the energy is transformed to a higher voltage, the transformer is called step up transformer and then it is transmitted at lower voltage it is called step down transformer. There are 3 transformers in the substation: 160MVA, 220/132 KV (2nos.) 100 MVA TRANSFORMER(1)

Power Transformer feeding

160 MVA transformers are manufactured by ADITYA and by TRM. These are the power transformers and , there efficiency is high. Primary side is star connected while secondary is delta connected. There are seventeen tapping in it. Every transformer has OLTC to change the tap for controlling voltage. TYPES OF COOLING: AIR NATURAL COOLING AIR BLAST COOLING OIL NATURAL COOLING OIL BLAST COOLING etc.

SOME IMPORTANT COMPONENTS

Earth switch: It is a switch normally kept open and connected between earth and conductor. If the switch is closed it discharges the electric charge to ground, available on the uncharged line. Bus-bar: When number of lines operating at the same voltage levels needs to be connected electrically, bus-bars are used. Bus-bars are conductors made of copper or aluminum, with very low impedance and high current carrying capacity.

Current transformers (CT): The lines in substations carry currents in the order of thousands of amperes. The measuring instruments are designed for low value of currents. Current transformers are connected in lines to supply measuring instruments and protective relays.
Insulators They support the conductor (or bus bar) and confine the current to the conductor. The most commonly used material for the manufactures of insulators is porcelain. There are several type of insulator (i.e. pine type, suspension type , strain type ,shackle types etc.) and there used in Sub-Station will depend upon the service requirement Potential transformers (PT): The lines in substations operate at high voltages. The measuring instruments are designed for low value of voltages. Potential transformers are connected in lines to supply measuring instruments and protective relays. These transformers make the low voltage instruments suitable for measurement of high voltages.

THANKS