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The Aryans were a group of Indo-European people that moved from the dry grasslands of western Asia (the steppes), into what is now India starting about 1700 BCE and captured the land and people of the Indus Valley. Archaeology tells almost nothing about the Aryans. But their sacred literature, the Vedas, tells a lot about them. The Aryans were divided into classes of people. Over time, they made many rules for how people in these classes, or castes, could interact with one another. People were born into their caste for life. These castes were initially determined by varna literally, color. The Aryans were light skinned, and comprised the upper castes, while the native peoples found in India were darker skinned, and made up the lowest caste
Caste System
The upper three classes consisted of Aryan people while the bottom two were the local native Indian people.
The Aryans were a group of Indo-European people that moved from the steppes into what is now India.
Untouchables
Some impure people lived in a group outside this class system. (ie. They were out-castes.) They were butchers, grave diggers, and trash collectors. Because they did work that was thought unclean, they were called untouchables.
Sacred Objects
Cows Hindus refuse to eat beef ,they roam freely
Beginnings of Buddhism
He was the chief's son of a tribal group, so he was born a Kshatriya (Warrior class) around 566 BC.
At the age of 29, he left his family in order to lead a simple life.
A few years later he returned with a number of followers; followers that devoted their lives to "The Middle Way, a lifestyle that is midway between a completely simple lifestyle and one that is full of materialistic goods. Siddhartha searched for a way that would allow him to escape the suffering of human life. He spent many years searching for this answer. He was looking for enlightenment, or wisdom.
Finally, he sat down and meditated under a tree. After 49 days, he had his answer. He was now called the Buddha, which means enlightened one. The Buddha began to teach others how to attain enlightenment.
Buddhist Beliefs
The Four Noble Truths
Cause
of suffering is DESIRE
If
you end your desires suffering will end (necessary to reach NIRVANA- a release from selfishness and pain.) the EIGHTFOLD PATH
Follow
Not by birth does one become an outcast, not by birth does one become a Brahmin. By DEEDS one becomes an outcast, by DEEDS one becomes a Brahmin Buddha
Spread of Buddhism
Buddhism spread from India to China and other parts of the world along the SILK ROAD The sharing of religion is an excellent example of cultural diffusion.
Sanskrit Language
Gupta Achievements
Kalidasa
Medicine
Inoculations
Literature
C-sections performed
Gupta India
Solar Calendar
Decimal System
Mathematics
PI = 3.1416
Astronomy
The earth is round
Concept of Zero