Typical Sulfur Content in Coal Anthracite Coal : 0.6 - 0.77 weight % Bituminous Coal : 0.7 - 4.

0 weight % Lignite Coal : 0.4 weight % Typical Moisture Content in Coal Anthracite Coal : 2.8 - 16.3 weight % Bituminous Coal : 2.2 - 15.9 weight % Lignite Coal : 39 weight % Typical Fixed Carbon Content in Coal Anthracite Coal : 80.5 - 85.7 weight % Bituminous Coal : 44.9-78.2 weight % Lignite Coal : 31.4 weight %

Typical Bulk Density of Coal Anthracite Coal : 50 - 58 (lb/ft3), 800 - 929 (kg/m3) Bituminous Coal : 42 - 57 (lb/ft3), 673 - 913 (kg/m3) Lignite Coal : 40 - 54 (lb/ft3), 641 - 865 (kg/m3) Typical Ash Content in Coal Anthracite Coal : 9.7 - 20.2 weight % Bituminous Coal : 3.3-11.7 weight % Lignite Coal : 4.2 weight %

Class 101 102 201 202 203 204 206 301 305

Volatile matter1) (weight %) < 6.1 3.1 - 9.0 9.1 - 13.5 13.6 - 15.0 15.1 - 17.0 17.1 - 19.5 19.1 - 19.5 19.6 - 32.0 19.6 - 32.0

General description Anthracites Dry steam coals

Cooking steams coals

Low volatile steam coals

Heat altered low volatile steam coals Prime cooking coals Mainly heat altered coals Medium volatile coals

306
401 402 501 502 601 602 701 702 801 802 901 902

19.6 - 32.0
32.1 - 36.0 > 36.0 32.1 - 36.0 > 36.0 32.1 - 36.0 > 36.0 32.1 > 36.0 32.1 - 36.0 > 36.0 32.1 - 36.0 > 36.0

Very strongly coking coals

Strongly coking coals

Medium coking coals

High volatile coals Weakly coking coals

Very weakly coking coals

Non-coking coals

Map View of Fluvial Channels

(Inter-Channel deposits have been eroded, leaving channel sands exposed)

Channel Sands in Various Colors

Channel/Channel Flow Connections 0 0.5 miles

Mississippi Delta

Delta Plain

Sa Francisco Delta

Ganges-Bramhaputra Delta
Ganges River

Sundarbans

Indian Ocean 0 km 100

Mahakam Delta, Kalimanta n, Indonesia

Tidal flats

Fluvial
Delta Plain Distributaries
0 10 km

Generic Delta Relationships

Estuarine Facies Models

B. A.

Time T2000

Time T0

Chunk of Texas subbituminous coal in the field. Pen for scale. Note the very thin, light-colored laminations that indicate bedding. Top-left enlargement is an example of a scanning photomicrograph showing minerals in coal. The bright-white, oval-shaped fragment is a pyrite framboid; the bright-white triangular fragment is zircon; each fragment is about 10 microns wide. The lightcolored, equant blebs are quartz grains. They are set in a light-gray matrix consisting of coal macerals and a variety of clay minerals. Top-right enlargement is an example of a transmitted-light photomicrograph showing various coal macerals (organic components) such as vitrinite (dark reddish orange); liptinite (yellow and light orange); and fusinite, inertinite, and minerals (black). View is about 200 micrometers wide.

Vitrinite Maceral

Description: The uniform gray material is vitrinite showing a well developed cell structure. This material is derived from coalified woody tissue. In this case the cell texture is very similar to the cell structure found in petrified Lepidodendron wood (see frame 2) of Carboniferous age (about 320 million years ago).

Description: A drawing of fossil tree bark from a lepidodendron tree of Carboniferous age. Note the similarity of the bark pattern to the cell structure preserved in the vitrinite shown in MA01. This drawing is based on the work of Jennings 1990.???

Description: The uniform gray material is vitrinite showing a well developed cell structure. This material is derived from coalified woody tissue. The vertical slitted structures are a common feature in this type of vitrinite

Description: The uniform gray material showing a well developed cell structure in the right half of the frame is telovitrinite. The gray material in the upper left is detrovitrinite which acts as a matrix for dark stringers of sporinite and bright particles of inertinite

Description: The particle at the right is telovitrinite showing well preserved cell structure. All of the other particles are of detrovitrinite. The detrovitrinite acts a matrix holding dark particles of liptinite macerals and bright particles of inertinite macerals.

Description: The particle at the right is telovitrinite showing no cell structure. The particle on the left is a good example of detrovitrinite. The detrovitrinite acts a matrix holding dark particles of liptinite macerals and bright particles of inertinite macerals

Description: The entire particle at the right is telovitrinite showing well preserved cell structure. All of the other particles are of detrovitrinite. The detrovitrinite acts a matrix holding dark particles of liptinite macerals and bright particles of inertinite macerals.

Description: The uniform gray material is vitrinite showing a well developed cell structure. The cells in this case are filled with much darker resinite. Compare the cell fillings here with the cell fillings in frames 1 and 3. The darker tone here indicates resinite. This is confirmed in frame 10 which is a photomicrograph of the same field in fluorescent light. The yellow fluorescence color of the cell fillings are characteristic of resinite.

Description: This frame is the same field as shown in frame 9. It this case the sample has been excited with ultra-violet light and the resinite filling the cells fluoresces with a yellow color. The vitrinite does not appear to fluoresce. This difference in fluorescence properties is commonly used to distinguish these macerals from each. other.

Liptinite Maceral

Description: This frame is the same field as shown in frame 28. It this case the sample has been excited with ultra-violet light. Note how the cutinite fluoresces and how much easier it is to distinguish.

Description: This frame is the same field as shown in frame 13. It this case the sample has been excited with ultra-violet light and the resinite fluoresces with a yellow color. The vitrinite surrounding the resinite does not appear to fluoresce. This difference in fluorescence properties is commonly used to distinguish macerals from each.other. The presence of a darker rim around the outside of the maceral is also a common feature that is sometimes called a reaction rim.

Description: This frame is the same field as shown in frame 22. It this case the sample has been excited with ultra-violet light and the sporinite fluoresces with a yellow color. Note how the fluorescence reveals more details of the surface texture and bilateral symmetry of the megaspore and the presence of the microspores.

Inertinite Maceral

Description: The bright reflectance and open cell structure characterize fusinite. It is the structure of pyrolyzed woody tissue and its appearance is very similar that of charcoal.

Description: The bright reflectance and open cell structure characterize fusinite. It is the structure of pyrolyzed woody tissue and its appearance is very similar that of charcoal. Note the delicate plant derived cell structures that are well preserved.

Description: The two bright round bodies are macrinite. They are characterized by the high reflectance of fusinite and a lack of cell structure. Similar materials with a reflectance equal to semifusinite are called semimacrinite.

Description: The bright fine-grained material seen in this field is micrinite. It is characterized by its brightness and small grain size. In this field the shape of the micrinite occurrence is similar to occurrences of sporinite suggesting a replacement process.

Description: The round bodies with open cell structure are sclerotinite. They are derived from certain parts of various types of fungus. They are not found in coals of Carboniferous age.