INDUSTRY DEFINED PROBLEM

CONSTANT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION USING PLC

PROBLEM SUMMARY:

Water is to be supplied in three farms at predetermined flow at constant pressure. This predetermined flow is generated by the motorized pump and distributed in farms with the pipe assembly. This problem is divided into following two cases.

Case 1:
Suppose, at a time water is required in only one farm out of three farms. At that instant, the pressure of water generated by the pump for three farms is going in a single farm. Therefore, the water pressure in that farm will increase. This is unlikely to occur. The flow at constant pressure should remain constant at predetermined value for a single farm also as well as for three farms.

Case 2:
Now, if the water requirement is there in more than one farm i.e. two or three farms simultaneously then the pressure of water is dropped due to increase in number of farms. According to increase in number of farms, the pressure created by pump has to be increased so that equal amount of pressure i.e. predetermined value can be given to each farm. Therefore, our aim is to generate required amount of pressure in all farms. Predetermined flow at constant pressure should be achieved in each required farm.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Parts of Problem:
Our problem is divided into two parts. Monitoring the number of farms in which water at predetermined flow at constant pressure is required. According to the number of farms in which water is required, we have to generate pressure in the pump so that it can be distributed and predetermined pressure value can be obtained at the discharge outlet of each required farm.

EXPECTED SOLUTION :
Here we have described how we are going to solve Industrial Defined Problem (IDP). First and foremost parameter of IDP is to monitor how many number of farms in which water is to be supplied at fixed flow. This part of problem is solved by placing the switch that is used to operate solenoid valve and thus we can know how many solenoid valve are opened by the switch position .this will show number of farm in which water is required from switch. There is an individual switch for each solenoid valve in each of the three farms. The combination of number of switch will decide the speed of motor so that the proportionate flow rate can be generated and these flow can be distributed in farms in which switch are opened.

Block diagram of solution:

 The second parameter of our IDP is generating the flow rate that will be given to the farms in which switch are opened /closed i.e. solenoid valve is open. For this the PLC is used to control to drive which in turn regulates the motor speed. The PLC will monitor the number of switch which is opened/closed in all the three farms and according to opened /closed combination of switches of each farm. The PLC will generate the output command to control the drive. The program is written for the combination of switches and is stored in the PLC. The PLC will check each condition of the program and then according to that it will control the drive. The output of PLC is analog signal which are given to drive. The drive will accurate the induction motor by varying frequency according to the input command given to the PLC .The induction motor regulates the flow of water according to frequency command given by the drive. This generated flow is dependent on the number of farms in which solenoid valve are opened. Then the generated flow is distributed according to opened solenoid valve in the farm.

COMPONENTS:
PLC Drive Motor Solenoid Valve Relay

PLC:
CPU, 224XPsi, DC/DC/DC No. of Analogue Inputs:8 No. of Analogue Outputs:4 No. of Digital Inputs:14 No. of Digital Outputs:10 IP / NEMA Rating:IP20 Supply Voltage Max: 28.8VDC Supply Voltage Min: 20.4VDC

Drive:
Input: AC 3 Phase 200 to 240V Input Frequency: 50/60 Hz Input Current: 3.8 A Output : AC 3 Phase 0 to 230V Output Frequency: 0 to 400 Hz Output Current: 3.2A Output Power: 1.2kVA

Motor:

Solenoid Valve:
Operating Mode: (Standard) Normally Closed Closed when de-energized. Zero differential solenoids allow the valve to open and close without the presence of flow. Maximum operating temperature for the solenoid is 180 F / 82.2 C. Coil Rating: Continuous duty totally encapsulated. Voltage Tolerances: +10%, - 10% of applicable voltage. All Solenoid Coils have a NEMA 1 Rating

Relay:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.

OTHER DESCRIPTIONS

FURTHER POSSIBILITIES OF ADVANCEMENT: This predetermined constant pressure system can be combined with moisture level detectors. There moisture level detectors are placed underground in each farms. When the reading of these moisture level detectors goes below s.p than it sends signal to solenoid valve and solenoid valve opens. The output signal from solenoid valve is sent to pump. The pump generates & supplied to pump. The pump generates water pressure & that opened solenoid valve in the farm which is dry.

APPLICATION OF THIS SYSTEM:

DISTRIBUTION OF WATER FROM MAIN WATER CANAL AT PRE-DETERMINED PRESSURE IN THE FARMS REQUIRING THE WATER.

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT: FOR DISTRIBUTION OF COOLANT WATER IN THE REACTION CHAMBER. THIS LEVEL MENTIONING SYSTEM CAN BE COMBINED WITH CONSTANT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM.

BENEFITS:
AT SMALL SCALE i.e. IRRIGATION IN FARMS IT IS VERY ECONOMICAL TO USE A SINGLE MOTOR TO DISTRIBUTION WATER IN DIFFERENT FARMS INSTEAD OF USING INDIVIDUAL PUMP FOR EACH FARM.

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