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New Criticism
Wordsworth, Keats, Tennyson and Felicia Hemans
Outline
Starting Questions & Romantic Quest Defined Tinturn Abbey & Wordsworth John Keats & La Belle Dame Sans Merci; the images Tennyson & The Lady of Shalott New Criticism Keats and New Criticism Ode on Melancholy as an example Felicia Hemans
Starting Questions
What do you think about the poems youve read (Tinturn Abbey La Belle Dame Sans Merci Lady of Shalott)? Do you appreciate their concerns or find them boring? What does Quest mean? Are you in any kind of quest?
Romantic Quests
The Sublime; Transcending the human Truth in Nature, Democracy Beauty Art
Romanticism Defined
The poets
Cliffs
Visualization
Visualization
Attempts to deal with aging, losses and even death. Seeks comfort in nature, but ultimately in the sisters remembering him. In this way, Nature is finally displaced. Actually, there are more displacements in this poem.
The latter painting reveals Waterhouse's growing interest in themes associated with the PreRaphaelites, particularly tragic or powerful femmes fatales.
Left: Sir Frank Dicksee (British, 1853-1928) Right: Arthur Hughes (British, 18321915) Pre-Raphaelite Painter.
Tennyson
Representative of the Victorian views of literature/arts social functions. The Lady of Shalott significance:
reflects The Womans Question Two versions: 1833 and 1842 The most favoured of all Tennysonian subjects among the PRB.
Question I: what is the story about and how does the form help convey its meaning?
Images of Shalott
William Holman Hunt, The Lady of Shalott,
allegorical elements:
Please pay attention to the wall's dark tapestries, "upon which swirl the twisting bodies of angelic and allegorical figures, while the two roundels supporting the great mirror feature scenes of the Fall and the nativity [Wadsworth]" (Pearce 79) exotic elements: sandals & samovars (Russian urn)
Images of Shalott
William Holman Hunt, The Lady of Shalott,
Images of Shalott
Elizabeth Siddal, The Lady of Shalott
Images of Shalott
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Lady of Shallott, 1857 Wood engraving, 35/16 x 31/16 in. Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Parts
Figurative Language Denotations, connotations and etymological roots Allusions Prosody Relationships among the various elements
Whole
Themes
pattern, tension, ambiguities, paradox, contradictions
Parts
Whole
Narrator (Point of view), dialogue, setting, Plot Characterization Relationships among the various elements
Themes
harmonized pattern, tension, ambiguities, paradox, contradictions
Ode on Melancholy
Note: To the Romantics, the word no longer signified a state of clinical gloominess, strangeness, and solitary wanderings. It implied a positive, heightened sensibility which could, of course, bring inspiration to the artist.
Ode on Melancholy
3 parts Part I: Do not use drugs or poison (traditional symbols of death & melancholy) to ease your pains; Part II: Rather savor melancholy to the fullest (through appreciating transient natural beauties or the mistresss anger). Part III. Because melancholy is inseparable from transient beauty, joy, painful pleasure, appreciated only by the one with fine palate.
Ode on Melancholy
Paradoxes 1. Negative imperative + active verbs; active pursuit of these easy means of escape will, in the end, get the soul drowned. 2. Paradox of birth+ death; beauty + transience; observation + eating; 3. Active pursuit of pleasures and pains turns the poet into something passive.
-- Poetess, whose duties are to sing of domestic bliss e.g. The Homes of England -- exception Casabianca
Note: Romanticism
A movement in art and literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in revolt against the Neoclassicism of the previous centuries . . Imagination, emotion, and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. Any list of particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism includes subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; spontaneity; freedom from rules; solitary life rather than life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason and devotion to beauty; love of and worship of nature; and fascination with the past, especially the myths and mysticism of the middle ages.
(source: http://www.uh.edu/engines/romanticism/ )
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Outline
References
Walfson, Susan J. Formal Charges: The Shaping of Poetry in British Romanticism. Stanford 1997. McGann, Jerome. The Romantic Ideology: A Critical Investigation. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1983. Pearce, Lynn. Women/Image/Text. London: Harvester/Wheatsheaf, 1991. Images of La Belle Dame Sans Meric http://www.artmagick.com/themes/theme4.aspx