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KIRAN TANEJA
Individual differences determine our preferred behaviors. By studying and understanding these tendencies, OB can more accurately predict individual and group interactions.
Self awareness - a conscious understanding of ourselves (personality, talents, preferences and biases). Awareness of others - recognizing and being attuned to the styles, moods, and personality of others.
Components of Self
Self-concept
The view individuals have of themselves as physical,
Self-esteem belief in ones self worth based on overall self-evaluation. Self-efficacy-belief in ones ability accomplish a specific task.
Personality
From Immaturity
Passivity
To Maturity
Dependence
Limited Behavior Shallow interests
Subordinate position
Little self-awareness
Deep Interests
Long term perspective Subordinate position Much self-awareness
Personality
Combination of characteristics that comprise the unique nature of a person as that person reacts and interacts with others.
Social traits
Surface-level traits that reflect the way a person appears to others when interacting in various social settings.
Agreeableness
Being good-natured, trusting, cooperative.
Conscientiousness
Being responsible, dependable, persistent.
Emotional stability
Being unworried, secure, relaxed.
Openness to experience
Being imaginative, curious, broad-minded
Locus of control
The extent to which a person feels able to control his/her own life. Concerned with a persons internal-external orientation.
EXTERNALS
INTERNALS
Able to adapt to circumstances Taking things in their stride Concentrating on positive aspects Taking prompt actions
Machiavellian personality:
Approach situations logically and thoughtfully. Are capable of lying to achieve personal goals. Are rarely swayed by loyalty, friendships, past promises, or others opinions. Critical thinking Analytical thinking Self introspection
Self-monitoring
A persons ability to adjust his/her behavior to external, situational (environmental) factors Self analysis. Personality type Attitude-positive, optimistic & yes Grooming & dress Behavior facial expression Communication skills Learning life long Health-diet, exercise, sleep & relaxation
Stress
A state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities. Type of personality Attitude Physical & mental health Kind of job Abilities
Source of stress
Stressors
The wide variety of things that cause stress for individuals
Types of stressors
Work-related stressors Life stressors
Work-related stressors:
Task demands Role ambiguities Role conflicts Ethical dilemmas Interpersonal problems Career developments Physical setting
Life stressors
Family events Economic difficulties Personal affairs
Moderate levels of stress act in a positive way for both individuals and organization.
Low and especially high levels of stress act in a negative way for both individuals and organization.
Coping responses
Problem focused
Make a plan to deal with the problem
Emotion focused
Change your attitude
Positive self talk can help. (Dr. Shad Helmstetter, video, 7
min.)
Personal wellness
Take responsibility to enhance and maintain wellness through disciplined self management (weight, diet, smoking, alcohol use, physical fitness).
Values
Broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. Values influence behavior and attitudes.
Terminal values
Reflect a persons preferences concerning the ends to be achieved.
Instrumental values
reflect a persons beliefs about the means for achieving desired ends
Value congruence
Occurs when individuals express positive feelings upon encountering others who exhibit values similar to their own.
Current trends in the workplace: From valuing shared values such as duty, honesty, organizational loyalty. To valuing meaningful work, self-fulfillment, and pursuit of leisure.
1)
How willing are people to accept status and power? How strongly to people preferred structured organizations?
2)
3)
4)
5)
Workforce diversity
The presence of individual human characteristics that make people different from one another. Practices and policies that seek to include people who are considered in some way different from the prevailing group.
How we gather information: Sensing (S) getting the facts, good at details, comfortable with standard solutions to problem solving, working with tested ideas Intuition (N) developing data through insight and imagination, get bored with routine, see the possibilities, less concerned with facts, seek innovation, see the big picture
How we make decisions: Thinking (T) analytical, look for cost/benefit/ focus on analysis/prefer clarity, task oriented Feeling (F) personal convictions or beliefs, can become committed to personal views, nostalgic, traditional, principles oriented
How we choose priorities: Perceiving (P) oriented towards generating data, can procrastinate, open minded and curious, comfortable with ambiguity Judging (J) oriented towards decision making, clarity, order, dislike ambiguity, decisions are important not information gathering
How we establish relationships: Extravert (E) requires variety and stimulation, become bored easily, sociable, look for new situations, often viewed as influential, not easily organized, like meetings Introvert (I) Think things through before communicating, harder to get to know, communication is more of a strain, few tasks at one time, few interruptions, others around the introvert often feel left in the dark
Interpretation of Individual Scores Consider how cognitive differences affect organizational situations Four or more points viewed as a significant preference, less than four points means no clear preference on that dimension Does your score feel right? You can probably think of a situation where your behavior was inconsistent with your Myers-Briggs score No right or wrong answers, your results represent a lifetime of experience According to the theory, we all have the ability and potential to develop both sides the personality dimension
Closing Thoughts
There are differences based on country, culture, and experience Age and education influence personality Risk of organizational homogeneity Seek balance in your own personality, balance is the key to effectiveness and this ability resides within all of us To derive the best solution seek cognitive diversity, groups grasped only a part of the problem, best solution was a combination of ideas Psychological testing can deepen self-knowledge, and improve teamwork but can be misused in promotion and hiring decisions
Physical growth & development Mental growth & development Motor skills & abilities Emotional stability Socialization Morality & character Aesthetic sense & artistic ability Interests & attitudes Value system