CHAPTER 4: COMMUNICATION OF INFORMATION

GROUP MEMBERS: ENGKU NOR AINI BINTI ENGKU HASSAN NUR ATIQAH BINTI MOHD ISMAIL NUR RIFAH SYAHIRAH BINTI SHARUM NURUL SYUHADAH BINTI MOHAMED AZLI STUDENT ID: 2012390287 2012706111 2012472268 2012709637

GENERAL COMMUNICATION MODEL

Sender Encodes message Chooses a medium (channel) Sends the message

Noise can interfere at any point

Receiver Receives message Decodes message May send feedback for clarification

Sender The person who initiates the communication process by encoding and sending the message. Encoding The conversion of a message into some symbolic form. Channel The medium / means by which a message travels. Example : E-mail, website, memo, face-to-face, phone. Message The tangible form of the information. A purpose to be conveyed. Example: write writing, speak speech, paint - picture.

Decoding A receivers translations of a senders message. Receiver The intended recipient of the information. Noise Any disturbances that interfere with transmission receipt or feedback of a message. Feedback The degree to which carrying out the work activities require by a job results in the individuals obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his / her performance.

HUMAN NETWORKING MODEL

A transactional process in which the sender and the receiver of information have different personal realities formed by their experiences, perceptions and ideas. Advantages
Face to face or telephone conversation Fortify the formal channels of communication Continuous interaction is possible. Fast

Disadvantages
It can direct to misconceptions It can lead to mistake in spelling Impossible to fix the responsibility for its origin Contains facts, deceptions, rumors and unclear data

INVISIBLE COLLEGE
The term invisible college was first used in 17th century Europe when the Royal Society of London was founded. Members of this early Royal Society of Scientist did not belong to a formal institution, but referred to themselves as an invisible college due to their geographic closeness and regular meeting based on shared scientific interests. Invisible colleges become more visible when scientists are grouped together within a defined boundary, regularly procure financial support, engage in a formal selection process and shared research vision, and participate in mandatory group meeting.

The strength of invisible college

Some historically inaccessible information now made available by the internet. Often available sooner than conventional literature. May allow the reader/user to listen in on active debate of current issues.

Considerations
Quality varies. Can be hard to identify, search for, and access. May require validation of data, especially with internet sources. Assumes a fairly high level of familiarity with an issues or topic usually not good for gathering background information. Target Audience: Any group sharing a common interest- You may need to look up some terms.

GATEKEEPER MODEL
According to Pamela Shoemaker and Tim Vos, gatekeeping is the process of culling and crafting countless bits of information into the limited number of messages that reach people everyday, and it is the center of the medias role in modern public life. [] This process determines not only which information is selected, but also what the content and nature of the messages, such as news, will be. Gatekeeper is referring to individuals who decide whether a given message will be distributed by a mass medium.

Figure 1 shows David Manning Whites vision of Gatekeeper model

REFERENCES
Alberts, J. K., Nakayama, T. K., & Martin, J. N. (2007). Human communication in society. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Dang Merdu Wati Hj Hashim. (2009). Foundation of information management. Shah Alam: Institut Perkembangan Pendidikan. Hajah Sobariah Awang Mukhtar. (2010). Principles and practice of management. UiTM Puncak Perdana. http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeper http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)