Background of Lung cancer

According HK Cancer Registry of Hospital Authority (2011),

Lung cancer = 1st leading cancer types and 1st leading causes of cancer death in HK In 2010, 3 696 persons died from lung cancer (28.3% of all cancer deaths)

Definition Lung cancer

Two types: primary and secondary Primary lung cancer
a malignant nodule or mass originating in the bronchial epithelium mainly classified as small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer

Secondary lung cancer

malignant spread to lung via vascular and lymphatic networks from extra pulmonary sites often associated with thyroid or breast cancer primary sites
White & Truax (2007)

Clinical Manifestation
Coughing Hemoptysis Shortness of breath or wheezing Hoarseness Fatigue Fever Chest pain Clubbing of fingernails Difficulty in swallowing Weight loss Frequent lung infections
Dail, Hammar & Colby. (1995).

Health Problem Risk Factors

Smoking and Secondhand smoke Exposures at Home and Work (radon, asbestos, arsenic, etc.) Family History Radiation Therapy to the Chest Diet
CDC-Lung Cancer Risk Factors (2013).

Treatments
For early / middle stages of sizable cancerous cells Surgery ( partial / whole lobes) Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Chinese medicines For late stages of cancer / inappropriate for surgery or chemotherapy Adopt Chinese medicine or integration with Western and Chinese medicine

Reasons patients with cancer choose CAM

Cope with the side effects of cancer treatments, such as N/V and pain Comfort themselves and relief anxiety brought by cancer treatment; Do something more to help with own care; Try to treat cancer
Acupuncture: An Introduction | NCCAM (2007).

Patients with lung cancer usually use CAM as integrative therapies with standard treatment to control pain, reduce anxiety, reduce side effects and improve quality of life
Thinking About Complementary and Alternative Medicine - National Cancer Institute (2013).

Selected CAM Therapies (1)

Acupuncture stimulation of points on the body by penetrating the skin with thin, solid, metallic needles practiced in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years one of the key components of TCM
Complementary and Alternative Therapies - American Lung Association (2013).

Evidence-based guidelines published by the American College of Chest Physicians in Sep 2007 recommend acupuncture for relief fatigue, dyspnea, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, or to soothe symptoms of pain or nausea and vomiting
Alberts, W.2nd. Initial (2007).

Treatment Protocol (1)

(a) Acupuncture site: Method: Appropriate for lower number of WBC after Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy (b) Acupuncture site: Method: 1 2 Appropriate for late stage for lung and renal deficiency ()

Treatment Protocol (2)

(c) Acupuncture site: , , , Method:, once daily Appropriate for relieving nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy and radiotherapy (d) Acupuncture site: , , , Method:, once daily Appropriate for fever (e) Acupuncture site: Method:, 30-60mins Appropriate for relieving chest pain

Reference
www3.ha.org.hk (2011). CancerStat2010. Retrieved May 1, 2013 from Hospital Authority, Hong Kong Cancer Registry Web site: http://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/Summary%20of%20CanStat%202010.pdf White, B. S., & Truax, D. (2007). The nurse practitioner in long-term care: guidelines for clinical practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Dail, D. H., Hammar, S. P., & Colby, T. V. (1995). Pulmonary Pathology--tumors. Springer-Verlag. CDC-Lung Cancer Risk Factors (2013). Retrieved May 1, 2013 from Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm Acupuncture: An Introduction | NCCAM (2007). Retrieved May 1, 2013 from National Institutes of Health, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Web site: http://nccam.nih.gov/health/acupuncture/introduction.htm Thinking About Complementary and Alternative Medicine - National Cancer Institute (2013). Retrieved May 1, 2013 from National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute Web site: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cam/thinking-about-CAM/page2 Complementary and Alternative Therapies - American Lung Association (2013). Retrieved May 1, 2013 from American Lung Association, Web site: http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/lungcancer/treating-lung-cancer/how-is-lung-cancer-treated/complementary-and-alternativetherapies.html Alberts, W.2nd. Initial (2007). Diagnosis and management of lung cancer executive summary*: accp evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest, 132 (3_suppl), 1S-19S.