Energy Efficiency : Theory and Practice

Mr. Gerard S. Natividad ERMCDO- DLSU-D

Objectives
To gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of energy management, as well as energy efficiency and conservation. To be able to shed light on the importance of an energy audit and to conduct a simple walkthrough energy audit exercise within the school.

To create a culture of being energy-conscious and inflict behavioral changes towards a more energy efficient institution.

What do we know about climate change?

CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun in our atmosphere.

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

CO2 influences global temperature

Where well be mid-century if we keep this up
550ppm? More?

Parts per Million CO2

TODAY: 392ppm EARLY 1900S

CO2 in PPM
LAST ICE AGE

GLOBAL TEMPERATURE Years ago

look how the temperature line follows CO2 concentrations throughout history

Natural Anthropogenic

Other GHG
Waste Livestock Aerosols Industrial Chemicals Deforestation

GLACIERS ARE MELTING

MUIR & RIGGS GLACIER 1941

MUIR & RIGGS GLACIER 2004

PEDERSEN GLACIER, AK 1920

PEDERSEN GLACIER, AK 2005

OCEANS ARE ACIDIFYING

Coral reefs are bleaching

WEATHER IS BECOMING MORE EXTREME

 1,000 years
- Guardian UK, Nov 7, 2008

Australia suffers worst drought in

U.S. dealing with Katrinas wrath as death toll soars.

- International Herald Tribune, August 31, 2005

number of major floods per decade

MAJOR FLOODS PER DECADE

Small islands are sinking or eroding

Rapid Warming Spreads Havoc in Canadas Forests.

- Washington Post, March 1, 2006

Australia fires spark calls for CLIMATE ACTION

- Washington Post, March 1, 2006

The most startling evidence yet

is the MELTING OF THE ARCTIC.

% change in ice cover

New predictions Satellite observations Mean IPCC prediction Most likely change (melt) IPCC range Actual observed melting

it has melted nearly

80 YEARS
ahead of when scientists predicted

YEAR

The Philippine contributes less than 1% of the total greenhouse gases emitted by the world One of the countries that will be much affected

Philippine's GHG Emissions by Sector (%), 2000

Electricity & Heat 16% Land use change and forestry 55%

Manufacturing & Construction 5%

Transportation 14% Other fuel combustion 6%

Industrial processes 4%

Source: CAIT, WRI 2008

Source: F Avila

Extent of Forest Cover Loss in the last 100 years

Less than 6% of the countrys original forest remains!

Source: Environmental Science for Social Change, 1999

Amount of carbon (in

the form of carbon dioxide) contributed by an individual or institution to the atmosphere

A.Multiply by 0.078 B.Transportation (Private)

1. Gasoline - 0.004 2. Diesel - 0.049

 Public Transportation

. Tricycle 0.0022 2. Taxi - 0.004 3. MRT 0.000084 4. Bus 0.0017 5. Van/Jeep 0.00104
1

Waste - 0.8421 D. Raw Fuel 0.022545

C.

ADD your individual carbon footprint

Climate Change and ENERGY

Now, after three centuries of burning coal, oil, and gas, we're at 392ppm thats above any levels weve seen in recorded history.

The electricity which we use is mostly made by burning coal or gas in power stations.

Source: DOE

 The judicious and effective use of

energy to maximize profits (minimize costs) and enhance competitive positions.

(Capehart, Turner and Kennedy, Guide to Energy Management, Fairmont Press., 1997)

 The

strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems.

 To minimize energy costs/ waste without

affecting production and quality

To minimize environmental effects

Versus

Energy Conservation?

CHOICES

You can turn off the lights when you dont need them!

Turning off lights

This will save about 24 centavos/hour/per light bulb (40watts) * Electrical consumption

22-24 degrees Celsius less 510% energy per degree Celsius

 Public Transport needs three times less energy and emits three times less greenhouse gases than private car traffic. A study conducted for 50 cities worldwide has revealed. Carpooling minimizes carbon footprint

That way it will take less energy to bring it to the boil.

MORAL: Consume only what is needed

Keep the doors and windows shut when the cooling is on, to keep the coolness in.

Maximize natural lighting and ventilation

If you can see a light like this when the TV is off, it is using almost as much energy as if it was on!

Buy energy saving light bulbs. CFL consumes 80% less energy than incandescent bulbs. Or better yet, Switch to LED.

 Energy that comes directly from the sunlight (solar),

that is generated indirectly by the sun like wind, water cycle (hydropower) and biomass, comes from the heat of the earth (geothermal) or the movements of the earth (tydal), is renewable energy. It is endless and quickly replaced.
while the non-renewable energy resources like oil, coal

and natural gas (fossil fuels) and uranium (nuclear fuel) are limited, consumed very fast and its not possible to replace them within human time scales.

 Solar PV generates electricity from sunlight by using

semi-conductor materials. Silicon, an element found in sand, is the most common material used in photovoltaic cells. All photovoltaic cells have at least two layers of such semi-conductors, one positively charged and the other negatively charged. When light shines on the semiconductor, the electric field across the junction between these two layers causes electricity to flow in, generating direct current (DC).

 Insert Video Animation for SOLAR

 Wind is air in motion. Wind energy was used for over

5000 years to sail boats and ship by Egyptians and then followed by, voyager, traders and pirates. Wind energy was also used for windmills to grind grain, corn, and pumping water. Today wind energy is used mainly for power generation using wind turbines.

 GreenPeace Facebook campaign

 Biomass is organic matter from animals and plants

(wood, crops, garbage, and alcohol fuels). Biomass contains stored energy from the sun. Plants absorb the suns energy in a process called photosynthesis. When biomass is burnt, the chemical energy is released as heat.

 Geothermal is derived from Greek word geo (earth)

and thermal (heat). Geothermal is the heat from within the earth. Geothermal power is electricity generated from naturally occurring geographical heat source.

 Water energy has been used for many years to power

mills and for irrigation. Hydropower is electricity produced using water.

And now as

Student Leaders

what can you do to

HELP your school and household?

Schools Contribution to Global Warming

OFFSETS AND MITIGATION

Mitigation to

lessen the universitys carbon footprint!

Building Envelope: Use of Natural Lightings

Use of flora for natural ventilation and minimize over-all thermal transfer value (OTTV)

 Solar Lamp Posts

Solarized covered walks

Energy Audit Training conducted by PhilCarbon and GreenPeace Southeast Asia

Energy Audit Training conducted by PhilCarbon and GreenPeace

SCP Kick Off Activity: Solar panel installation

Maximize every opportunity for campaigning and advocacy

Materials posting and distribution

Student leaders at the forefront of campaigning towards Energy Efficiency

Energy Audit Training conducted by PhilCarbon and Greenpeace November 17, 2011

What we need is

a paradigm shift

You are part of a historic endeavor.

A mission to change the way we look at the future of this country

You are not here as student leaders

by accident

Can we rise
to the

challenge

Well find out, soon enough

inquirer.net

Especially NOCEI schools!

Time is running out.

Is it possible?

It always seems impossible, until its done. -Nelson Mandela

Salamat po