Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
of the risk?
RECOGNITION
chemical
liquids, fumes, mists vapours, gases, dusts
physical
radiation, noise, vibrations, temperature, humidity
biological
bacteria, viruses, fungi
ergonomic
body position, repetitive actions, work pressure
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
absorption then attack on organs or metabolic processes
toxic response carcinogenic response
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
exposure to biological agents resulting in illness
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
harmful energy absorbed by the bodys structure energy derived from
mechanical sources
noise, vibration
radiation sources
ionising, non-ionising
thermal sources
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
concerns the physical, physiological and psychological relationships between people and work specific areas include
perceptual responses work rates and fatigue man-machine interface anthropometrics
MEASUREMENT
continuously
control strategy where the risk is high
intermittently
initial determination of hazard spot measurement in an established process routine check measurement
EVALUATION
harmful characteristics of the substance,
energy or condition involved
CONTROL
elimination substitution change of work method change of work pattern isolation and segregation engineering controls personal protective equipment
ROUTES OF ENTRY
inhalation ingestion skin pervasion injection implantation aspiration
PROCESS OF ENTRY
absorption
epidermis lungs gastro-intestinal tract
TOXICOLOGY
- the study of poisonous materials and their effects on living organisms toxic substances
systemic
travel through the system
toxicity
LD50 to quantify the effects of a toxic agent Acute Toxicity
harmful effect occurs quickly (seconds, minutes, hours)
local
act only at the point of contact
cumulative
not readily excreted from the body accumulated over a period of time
Chronic Toxicity
harmful effect takes a long time to appear (months, years)
CHIP 2
Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994
category of danger indication of danger symbol
LABELLING
supplier information name of substances or constituents indication of danger symbol risk phrase safety phrase
TOXIC AGENTS
physical form(s) mode of entry to body target organs symptoms of exposure
acute chronic
occupations at risk
trichloroethylene
silaceous dust
benzene
phenol
asbestos
carbon monoxide
CORROSIVE AGENTS
destroy living tissue acids and alkalis injury through
contact with skin and eyes inhalation ingestion
DERMATITIC AGENTS
primary cutaneous irritants
contact dermatitis at site of contact recovery on removal of agent
cutaneous sensitisers
sensitisation dermatitis initial sensitisation trace contact enough to cause reoccurrence
SENSITISERS
respiratory system
occupational asthma inhalation of antigen causes bronchial constriction
sensitisation dermatitis
isocyanates trace contact enough to cause reoccurrence
quantitative analysis
measure concentration and assess compliance with standards
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Source
Elimination Substitution Enclosure Process change LEV
Transmission Receiver
Shielding Distance Remove worker Reduce exposure
VENTILATION
dilution ventilation
dilutes contaminant to an acceptable level
problems include:
dead areas where poor airflow allows contamination to build up heat losses due to high rate of air change
captor hood
contaminant captured by air flow close to point of generation
low pressure large volume flow high pressure low volume flow (high velocity)
centrifugal fan
air enters the impeller then is discharged at right angles
exhaust outlet
careful location to avoid:
cyclic pollution effects of weather of air disturbance
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
zoonoses
animal infections transmitted to persons in the course of their work
bacilli
infections such as Legionnaires or Weils disease
fungi
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
blood-borne infections
hepatitis B and AIDS
ZOONOSES
Brucellosis (bacterium)
cattle, pigs
Psitticosis (bacterium)
poultry, birds
Q Fever (bacterium)
cows, sheep
Anthrax (bacterium)
farm animals
Orf (virus)
sheep
Glanders
horses, donkeys, mules
control strategies
eliminate
immunisation improve animal stock
enclosure
infected aerosols
inhalation
contaminated dust
ventilation
infected dusts from wool, skin, hides
ingestion
contamination via hands
hygiene
disinfection
LEGIONNAIRES DISEASE
caused by inhalation of airborne droplets containing the legionella bacteria pneumonia-type symptoms manage the risk by:
identifying and assessing sources of exposure
contaminated sprays and aerosols
persons at risk
susceptible persons ie hospital patients
WEILS DISEASE
caused by infection from rats
type of bacteria (Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae) enters body through cuts/abrasions of skin
persons at risk
canal workers, sewer workers, abattoir workers
BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
hepatitis B (virus)
severe form of jaundice infection through contact with blood or bodily fluids persons at risk include health workers and emergency services protect through preventing puncture wounds, disinfection and disposable gloves
AIDS (virus)
debility of immune system infection through contact with blood or bodily fluids persons at risk include health/social workers and emergency services protect through preventing puncture wounds, disinfection and disposable gloves
REQUIREMENTS OF COSHH
assess the risks to health arising from exposure prevent or adequately control exposure ensure that control measures are used and properly maintained monitor exposure and carry out appropriate health surveillance ensure that employees are properly informed, trained and supervised
PREVENTING EXPOSURE
change the process or activity
the hazardous substance is not required or generated
CONTROLLING EXPOSURE
totally enclose the process partially enclose the process and use local exhaust ventilation use general ventilation use systems of work and handling procedures that minimise spills and leaks reduce the duration of exposure
health surveillance
where exposure is linked to a disease which could occur and can be detected where employees are working in a process listed in schedule 5 and exposure could be significant