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DEFINITION
Goods,services and processes that are ranked
by customers and industry-experts to be among the best of the best. This denotes standard-setting excellence in terms of design, performance, quality, customer satisfaction and value when compared with all similar items from anywhere in the world.
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY
Quality is meeting or exceeding customer
satisfaction.
No quality->no sales->No sales->no profit->
No profit->no jobs
3 Levels of Quality
Organizational level-Seek customer inputs on
regular basis and meeting its requirements Process level-managers try to optimize the activities of various department under their control Performer or Job level-Output should be met based on standards such as accuracy, completeness,innovations,Timeliness and cost along with cutomers requirements
QUALITY CONTROL
QC denotes all those activities which are
directed to maintaining and improving quality. QC involves, a)Setting of Quality Targets b)Appraisal of conformance c)Taking corrective action incase of deviation d)Planning for improvement in quality
Quality Assurance
Any action that directed towards providing
design will have an adequate useful life Value engineering-to ensure that the product will perform the necessary function at minimum cost Evaluation of usability-to see that product wii be convenient and safe in hands of the users Process control-to ensure that the material, processes and other inputs to the transformation process are adequate for the products
adequately trained to use the products and that service parts and manuals made are available Quality feedback-to provide corrective action when field use indicates inadequate quality
Definition
It is a philosophy that involve everyone in an
Concept of TQM
A committed and involved management to
provide long-term top-to-bottom organization support An unwavering focus on the customer, both internally and externally Effective involvement and utilization of the entire workforce Continuous improvement of the business and production process Treating suppliers as partners Establish performance measure for the processes.
the system Not obtaining employee buy-in and participation Program stops with training Expecting immediate result, not a long term payoff Forcing the organization to adopt method that are not productive or compatible with its production system and personnel
Quality control
Inspection after the fact and production system Focus on consequence of poor quality Customer is purchaser Some number of defects is normal Responsibility for quality control in assigned to individual or departments Improving quality increases cost
Increased profits
Reduced costs
Increased productivity Lower rework and scrap cost Lower warranty costs
Process Capability
It is the ability of a production process to
meet the design specification for a product or service (or) to produce products within the desired expectation of customers It only make sense if all special causes of variation have been eliminated and the process is in the state of statistical control
and allows for only 3.4 defects per million opportunities for each product or service transaction i.e,(99.99966%)even if the process mean shift by as much as 1.5 SD. But most companies today function at only 3 to 4 sigma and lose 10-15% of their total revenue due to defects. At 4 sigma (or 99% perfect), this still means 6,210 defects per million opportunities.
With 0.5 sigma off-centering and 5 sigma quality With 1.0 sigma off-centering and 5.5 sigma quality.
closer to the operating area ii)Standardizing the set-up function of machines ii)Improving the procedure for tool preparation iii)Eliminating unnecessary machine adjustment iv)Synchronizing operator jobs v)Automating set-up procedure using computer control if it cost less than manual adjustments.
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