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The term civilization has evolved from an era to another.Before the word tamaddun was used, scholars used the words madaniyyah, umran and hadarah. The term civilization has evolved from an era to another. Umran; A land or house inhabited; peopled; well peopled; a land colonized, cultivated or well cultivated;a house in a state of good repair. In other words umran implies sedentary life which is the basis of all civilization. Ibn Khaldoun defined civilization as "a sophistication in luxury and the mastery of crafts used to advance it in various aspects such as cooking, clothes, decoration, architecture, and all social situations. Each of these requires skills and crafts to achieve it.I bn Khaldun used this word repeatedly in connection with his study of cities or towns founded by Islamic rulers or ancient dynasties. He was the first Islamic historian to write on civilization in 14th century.This umran is represents as civilization nowadays. Hadharah; Ibn Khaldoun also used this word alongside the term umran . Hadharah meant sedentary life. According to Arabic-English Lexicon by E.W. Lane, hadharah literally means; A region, district or tract, cities or town, or villages and of cultivated land. Madaniyyah; founder Muhammad Farid Wajdi and Muhammad Abduh in 20th century; Wajdi produced his book al-Madaniyah wa l-Islam (civilization and Islam) in 1899, while Abduhs book is al Islam wa l-Nasraniyah maal ilm wal madaniyah (Islam and Christianity in respect of science of civilization) 1901. Both used madaniyyah as a same meaning of civilization or city based culture because madinah is an arabic word for city.
The word tamaddun has been used by Jurji Zaydan which was introduced in his book Tarikh al-Tamaddun al-Islami in the early 1900. This word is better qualified to express the concept of civilization in the modern sence. In English, the word used is civilization. Other words are culture and urbanization. "Civilization" can also describe the culture of a complex society, not just the society itself. The first well known usage of the word civilization appears in English book during the 19th century in Europe. The West used to study the science of civilization only during the 19th century when the Muqaddimah li kitab al-ibar by Ibnu Khaldun was translated into English and French by Prof Franz Rosenthal In Bahasa Malayu it similar to peradaban dan kebudayaan. From Islamic perspective; tamaddun is balancing between physical and material development. Western perspective; material and physical development as a measurement for a civilized society (Toynbee, Fiebleman)