Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Magazines
Professional Journals
Newspapers
Written by people who actually conducted the data collection or had first hand experience Refereed journals publish information only after that information has been reviewed by peers Secondary Sources Written by someone who was not present at the data gathering or did not participate as part of the study team Value is that it provides a summary of many sources of information and provides a bibliography of original sources Can also be found in refereed journals Popular Press Publications Newspapers Magazines Tabloids
Introduction
Methodology Results Discussion
Were the aims of the study defined in a clear manner? Were the research questions/hypotheses clearly stated? Was the description of the subjects clear? Did the article state how the subjects were recruited? Were the design and location of the study described clearly? Were the data collection instruments described? Did the results directly address the research questions/hypotheses? Were the conclusions logical in terms of the research design and data analyses performed? Were the study implications meaningful to the population you serve?
OnLine
Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Indexes
Indexes are books that provide a link to articles of a
category of interest from many refereed journals, books and research reports
Example: Index Medicus lists articles relating to clinical and preventive medicine and does not include references to social science articles The list of journals that are included in the index are found in the front pages of each volume Many indexes are now on CD-ROM
The transitional model of change and HIV prevention: a review. Prochaska JO. Et al. Health Educ Q 1995 May; 22(2): 190-200 (48 ref) Self-esteem and the value of health as determinants of adolescent health behavior. Torres R. et al. J Adolesc Health 1995 Jan; 16(1): 60-83. (43 ref).
Health Literature Education Index Physical Education Index Current Index to Journals in Education
Abstracts
Abstracts are book volumes that include short
summaries of research studies that have appeared in other journals An abstract is usually more valuable than an index in that an abstract provides both a reference and a summary for each article included.
Using Abstracts
Locate the index at the end of each volume
look at the titles of the articles listed under that subject/author heading At the end of each article reference there is a number G0 to the volume of the abstract that includes that number (the numbers included in each volume are listed on the outside binding of the volume Turn to the number of the article you are interested in and locate the desired article abstract
has been identified as a primary predictor of success in sustained cardiovascular risk factor modification efforts. This article reviews the primary motivational theories that have been used to explain and predict cardiovascular risk reduction. Specifically, the application of the Health Belief Model, Health Promotion Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior and Self-efficacy Theory to the initiation and maintenance of cardiovascular health behavior is addressed. The implication of these theories for the development of nursing interventions as well as new directions for nursing research and practice in the study of individual motivation in health behavior change are discussed.
Sociological Abstracts
Biological Abstracts Recourses in Education
Computerized Databases
An alternative to searching indexes or
abstracts manually Like an index or abstract, each database has a general subject area that it covers
found in several index or abstract sources Faster than manual searches User can link several concepts together to narrow the search
A user can link two terms such as health behavior and cardiovascular disease by using the word and between the terms Eliminating any article that only address one or the other of these topics
ERIC
Computerized Databases
Educational Resources Information Center
(ERIC) MEDLINE Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) BIOETHICSLINE Psychological Abstracts (PsychLit) Health Services, Technology, Administration and Research (Health-STAR)
Authority
Publisher-source References Documentation Facts
with an identifiable content focus, 28% dealt with the practice of health education (including planning and process evaluation research), 11% represented theoretical discussions and 9% were reviews of the literature.
Content Distribution
Emotional Intellecutal Health, 5% Health, 3% Social Health, 12%
Spirtual Health, 1%
multidimensional, This requires a balance among such elements as physical health, emotional health, intellectual health, social health and spiritual health* Further, these dimensions are considered to be dynamic in as much as the status of one dimension will often influence the condition of another**
[*Cottrell RR, Girvan JT, McKenzie JF. Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2002.] [**Butler J. Principles of Health Education and Health Promotion, 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2001.]
[*Read DA. Health Education: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 1997.]
A Philosophical Inconsistency
For the most part the health education literature
ignores the multidisciplinary nature of health And, emphasizes physical health to the detriment of all other aspects of health This is in direct contradiction with health educations definition of health The dynamic nature of health cannot be fully appreciated since there is no way to take into account the impact of each component of health on one another
nations (e.g. Healthy People 2010), continue to revolve almost exclusively around the prevention and treatment of physical illness.
We now have firm evidence that the mind and body, far from
being separate, are intimately interwoven. There truly are many dimensions of health that interact with each other. It is therefore less effective, if not negligent, to research and promote physical health without simultaneously addressing the duality of other dimensions of health in a truly integrative fashion.
[USDHHS. Healthy People 2010. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000]
2.
3.
Physical health is tangible, understandable, measurable and objectiveand it is therefore easy to target (blood pressure, blood lipid profiles, morbidity and mortality rates, energy expenditure, body mass index, etc.). A second barrier is the ambiguity of dealing with dimensions of health that have not achieved a consensus definition, are less tangible and seemingly immeasurable. Finally, there is a reluctance to step into politically charged arenas as the promotion of spirituality
Overcoming Barriers
Pursue organized efforts to clearly define the various
dimensions of health in a way that builds consensus. Place pressure on the crafters of national health objectives to develop objectives that represent a dynamic, multidimensional view of health. Increase local control over resource allocation that might include intervention and evaluation priorities that target nonphysical dimensions of health. A willingness to commit time and energy to designing, implementing and evaluating the impact of programs that target various nonphysical dimensions of health
particular audience of professionals in a given field (or sub-field). These articles are usually technical in nature and follow a range of formats typical of publications in the field.
consider the following: Is the information based on scientific evidence? Is the information supported by data? Is the original source referenced? Do other sources substantiate the information? Is the information current?
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