Orientation on Social Protection and Its Operational Framework

Fernando T. Aldaba SWADCAP, Taguig City April 17, 2013

reform to lead

Outline of Presentation
Background Development of a Philippine SP Definition Definitions: Risk, Poverty and Vulnerability Government responses to risks, poverty and vulnerability The Social Protection Operational Framework The Convergence Framework and Strategy Social Protection Initiatives

BACKGROUND
The DSWD has taken on the initiative to become a leader in the social protection sector. One of the key steps that the government has taken to address major deficiencies in its social protection policies is to embark on the Social Welfare and Development Reform Program. The DSWD Reform Agenda guides the reform process and thrusts for the social protection sector.
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BACKGROUND
The development of social protection was taken up in Sub-Working Group on Social Protection under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Social Progress of the Philippine Development Forum (PDF)
The NEDA-Social Development Committee (SDC) Cabinet Level issued NEDA-SDC Resolution No. 1, Series of 2007 entitled Adopting A Philippine Definition of Social Protection
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Social Protection Policies

NEDA-SDC Resolution No. 1, series of 2007: Adopting a Philippine Definition of Social Protection

NEDA-SDC Resolution No. 2 series of 2009: SubCommittee on Social Protection (SCSP) under the NEDA Social Development Committee (NEDA SDC)

NEDA-SDC Resolution No. 3 series of 2012: Approving and Adopting the SP Operational Framework

Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016: Chapter 8Social Development

 Harmonize existing SP definitions - National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC) - World Bank (WB) - Asian Development Bank (ADB) - International Labour Organization (ILO)
Modified from http:www.google.com.ph/images

The World Bank

Seen as public interventions that assist individuals, households and communities to manage risk better and that provide support to the critically poor.

Asian Development Bank

Set of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing peoples exposure to risks and enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption/loss of income

International Labor Organization

Set of public measures that a society provides for its members to protect them against economic and social distress

Institute for National Developmen Anti-Poverty t Studies Commission

Describes all public and private initiatives that provide income or consumption transfers to the poor, protect the vulnerable against livelihood risks and enhance the social status and rights of the marginalized Constitutes policies, programs and interventions that seek to reduce the susceptibility of the poor to risks

The World Bank

Main elements of the Social Risk Management Framework: Risk management strategies Risk management arrangements Risk management actors

Asian Development Bank

Five major kinds of activities:

International Labor Organization

Three dimensions:

Institute for Development Studies

Four categories: Protective measures provide relief from deprivation Preventive measures seek to avert deprivation Promotive measures aim to enhance real incomes and capabilities Transformative measures seek to address concerns of social equity and exclusion

National Anti-Poverty Commission

Components: Social insurance Social welfare and assistance Social safety nets Labor market interventions

Labor market policies and programs

Social insurance programs

Access to essential goods and services

Prevention and protection (proactive security) Promotion of potentials and opportunities (to be defined / influenced by the life cycle)

Social assistance and welfare service programs

Micro and area-based schemes

Child protection

2007
*PDF Philippine Development Forum SDC-TB Social Development Committee - Technical Board SDC-CL Social Development Committee - Cabinet Level

Definitions: Risk, Poverty and Vulnerability

Risk (or Shock): Uncertain event that may damage someones well-being leading to poverty ; Risks are pervasive, but information on risks and shocks is mostly scarce in a developing country

Poverty: Income or spending is insufficient to ensure a minimum level or state of wellbeing ( below an official threshold)

Definitions: Risk, Poverty and Vulnerability Vulnerability: Probability to become poor in the future; sources of vulnerability are risks and shocks and lack of physical, social and human capital to withstand shocks

Vulnerability incidence higher than poverty incidence

Examples of Social Risks and Vulnerabilities

Social Risks
Individual Life-cycle Economic

Vulnerabilities
hunger, illness, disability, old age, death unemployment, underemployment, low and irregular incomes; economic crises typhoons, drought, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruption armed conflicts, crime, corruption, social exclusion and discrimination

Environmental and Natural Political and Governance

Examples of Responses by Sector

Government: national and local Household and other informal mechanisms

Private sector or market based

Civil society: non-profits, NGOs and community associations Religious sector and FBOs

Examples of Government Responses: Social Protection Programs (ADB, 2001)

Components Target Vulnerable Groups
Employed, unemployed, underemployed (formal and informal) Sick, elderly, widowed, PWDs, pregnant women, unemployed

Programs
Active Labor Market Programs. Passive Labor Market Programs, Labor Standards Unemployment insurance, work injury insurance, health insurance, maternity and retirement insurance Welfare and social services, cash or inkind transfers, temporary subsidies, safeguard measures

Labor Market Interventions Social Insurance

Social Welfare

PWDs, IPs, drug dependents, orphans, single parent HHs, IDPs, elderly, widowed, pregnant women, unemployed Rural and urban informal communities at risk

Micro and Area based Schemes Child Protection

Microcredit and microinsurance, crop insurance, social funds, CBDRM

Children and youth (0-18 years)

ECCD, school feeding programs, youth programs, streetchildren programs, child rights advocacy, family allowances

Examples of Responses by Objective

Preventive done before risk occurs; mainly reducing the probability of risk occurring (e.g. vaccination, preventive health care) Mitigating help individuals reduce the impact of future risky event (e.g. crop and health insurance; savings and food storage) Coping mechanisms alleviate impact of risk once it occurred (e.g. dissaving, relief and rehabilitation) Adapting mechanisms prepare individuals and households for the next shock and risk (e.g. disaster preparedness, networks, fund availability, etc.)

Current Government Responses

Systematizing Social Protection responses official definition and key components Inventory of social protection programs

Linking social protection, poverty reduction and inclusive growth

Formulating an operational framework and convergence strategy Formulating a RVA manual and social protection handbook

SDC Resolution No. 1 Series of 2007 Social Protection constitutes policies and programs that seek to reduce poverty and vulnerability to risks and enhance the social status and rights of the marginalized by promoting and protecting livelihood and employment, protecting against hazards and sudden loss of income, and improving peoples capacity to manage risks.

Key Components
Labor Market Interventions - enhancing employment opportunities and protection of workers rights Social Insurance - mitigating income risks by pooling resources and spreading risks across time and classes Social Welfare - preventive and developmental interventions that seek to support the minimum basic requirements of the poor Social Safety Nets - stop-gap mechanisms or urgent responses that address effects of shocks on specific vulnerable groups

The Context: Social Protection as Key Pillar in Poverty Reduction

Prevents citizens from falling below the poverty line decreases transient poverty Uplifts citizens from their poverty traps decreases chronic poverty Enhances asset and capacity build up through better education, health and nutrition

Assists households towards having voice and empowerment (see poverty reduction framework)

The Role of Social Protection in Poverty Reduction

Analytical Framework for Poverty Reduction Poverty Reduction

Increasing Incomes Sustained, Diversified & Shared Growth, Low Unemployment, Fiscal Balance, Price Stability Risk Protection Social Welfare, Labour Market Interventions, Safety Nets, Social Insurance

Asset and Capacity Build up

Land Reform, Human Capital (education, health, nutrition), Access to Credit & Infrastructure

Voice and Empowerment Community and Sectoral Organizations, Participatory Mechanisms

Good and Participatory Governance, Responsive Institutions and Effective Coordination

Source: Asian Development Bank 2009

Enhanced Analytical Framework for Poverty Reduction Poverty Reduction

Quality Basic Services

Education, Health, Housing, Other Basic Services

Asset Reform and Economic Opportunities

Land, Credit, Livelihood, Science & Technology, Vocational Training, Information, Communication, Markets

Sustainable Development of Productive Resources

Environmental and Natural Resources Conservation, Management and Development

Social Protection
Social Welfare, Labour Market Interventions, Safety Nets, Social Insurance

Democratizing Decision-Making and Management Process

Increased Participation

NOTE: Analytical framework taken from RA 8425, Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act was enhanced to include social protection.

Enhanced SP Operational Framework

OBJECTIVES BETTER AND IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE Reduce Poverty and Vulnerability Inclusion and Enhancement of the Social Status and Rights of Marginalized

RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES ADDRESSED

Lifecycle and Individual Risks

Economic Risks

Environment and Natural Risks

Social and Governance Risks

CORE PROGRAM RESPONSES Social Insurance Labor Market Interventions Social Safety Nets Social Welfare

KEY RESPONSE ELEMENTS

Targeted Areas and Sectors Universal Coverage

IMPLEMENTATION OF PARTICIPATORY STRATEGIES

Scaling up of Community Driven Development

Convergence in the Delivery of Core Responses

Building Adaptive Capacities at all Levels of Implementation

Institutionalized Monitoring and Evaluation System

Principles of 5-yr SP Plan

Integral component of national development plans from PDP to sectoral plans Focus on Target areas and sectoral convergence on improving SP outcomes Rationalization of Convergence Mechanisms at all levels Active Participation of Local Governments

Objectives of the 5-yr SP Plan

Institutionalization of SP as a key Poverty Alleviation Strategy Incorporation of convergence mechanisms at all levels

Attain Targets of Core Outcome Indicators per SP Component/SP Floor

E.g. Social Insurance: 100% Coverage of PhilHealth, 50% of Population under GSIS/SSS Labor Market: Underemployment at 10%, Labor Market Information Systems in operation - Agreement on Social Protection Floors

Operationalizing the 5-yr Plan

The SDC Subcommittee on Social Protection (SCSP) is the SP Plan Convenor SCSP to create Consultative Planning Mechanisms (CPMs) at the national level following SP components and their proposed Convenors:
Labor Market Social Welfare Social Insurance Safety Nets - DOLE-DTI - DSWD-DOH - SSS-GSIS-Philhealth - NDRRMC-DSWD

The Role of the SCSP in the Planning Process

Conduct risk-vulnerability analysis and situationer by gathering data from below (regions, provinces and municipalities) Create the consultative planning committees by components/responses to the various risks to undertake inventory of responses, gap analysis and plan out policies and programs to close the gaps Integrate the RVA and planning results of the various CPMs Oversee the monitoring and evaluation of the national action plan

The Role of the CPMs by Component in the Planning Process

Undertake inventory of current responses and programs to the identified risks Propose how rationalize and streamline current responses and programs Plan out policies and programs to close the existing gaps Propose convergence mechanisms at the national, regional and local levels including the needed capacity building and social marketing for the SP programs

The Role of the Regional Social Development Committees in the Planning Process
Undertake inventory of current responses and programs to the identified risks at the regional level and forward these to the SCSP Conduct gap analysis at the regional level Propose how to rationalize and streamline current responses and programs at the regional level

Plan out policies and programs to close the existing gaps

Propose convergence mechanisms at the local levels including the needed capacity building and social marketing for the SP programs Assist the SCSP in monitoring and evaluation of SP programs at the local levels

The Role of the Local Social Development Committees in the Planning Process
Undertake RVA and inventory of current responses and programs to the identified risks and forward this to the Regional SDCs Conduct gap analysis Plan out policies and programs to close the existing gaps by looking at available menu of programs at the national and regional level Mobilize resources from local, regional and national sources

Proposed Steps in the 5-yr Plan

Setting up convergence mechanisms at various levels and identification of convergence teams
Inventory and rapid assessment of policies and programs per SP component Rationalization and Streamlining per component/ Identification of indicators per component Implementing Capacity building programs for convergence at various levels Institutionalizing Convergent Programs, Budget allocation Process and Formulating Coherent Policies at various levels

Year 1 -2

Year 3- 4

Year 5

Social Marketing of SP programs and components to other stakeholders

Regular Monitoring and Evaluation of convergent programs and coherent policies at various levels

TIMELINE OF 5 YEAR SP PLAN

Defining the Convergence Strategy

Definition of and Rationale for Convergence The Types of Operational Convergence Activities for Convergence Social Protection Multi-level Convergence Framework Convergence Approaches to Program Delivery Convergence Mechanisms and Packages

What is CONVERGENCE?
The focusing and synchronization of resources, services and interventions by flagship programs and other agencies/entities on specific target families and communities and providing for multi-sectoral and interagency coordination (SRA Convergence Policy, 1995) Complementation of agency initiatives within a defined area under a common intervention strategy that will maximize impact (National Convergence Initiative, DARDA-DENR, 1999)

Coordination and integration of services of various stakeholders in targeted areas to promote synergy and greater program impact (Kalahi Convergence: Working Together for Poverty Reduction, 2005)

What is CONVERGENCE?
Pooling of expertise and resources, and systematically channeling efforts in pursuit of a commonly agreed goal or objective.
Common understanding (what and how); Common commitment (institutional support); Common resolve (convergent action); (DSWD Usec. Alicia Bala, 2010)

Rationale for CONVERGENCE

Vulnerability and poverty incidence are high The most effective approach is multi-dimensional and multi-stakeholder

Limited resources of government

Varying capacities of national agencies and local government; pooling expertise is key Avoidance of overlaps and duplication of projects and programs

Types of Operational CONVERGENCE

Horizontal and Inter-agency e.g. SP Cluster Component Convergence, Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, Social Security Cluster or Social Safety Net Clusters Horizontal and Inter-agency at various levels e.g. National, regional, local (Regional Kalahi Convergence Group) Vertical - Intra-agency e.g. Tatsulo of DSWD or national-regional-local coordination for a specific project or program Multi-level - combines vertical and horizontal e.g. Bottom up budget process and local poverty reduction plan implementation Area-based or Sector based (specific target-based)

Activities for CONVERGENCE

Poverty, Risk and Vulnerability Analysis Targeting Policy Formulation Program Planning, Budgeting and Resource Mobilization Program Implementation and Delivery Monitoring and Evaluation

Social Protection Multi-level CONVERGENCE Framework

LEVELS
NATIONAL

ACTIVITIES FOR CONVERGENCE Poverty, Risks and Vulnerability Analysis Targeting Policy Formulation Program and Budget Planning

VERTICAL AND INTRA AGENCY CONVERGENCE (WITHIN AGENCIES AND NATL-LOCAL COVERGENCE)

REGIONAL

PROVINCIAL

CITY/MUNICIPAL

STAKE HOLDERS: Government CSOs, FBOs, Academe and Private Sector

Implementation Monitoring & Evaluation

BARANGAY

HORIZONTAL, INTER-AGENCY AND INTRA-LOCAL CONVERGENCE (TARGET AREAS AND SECTOR)

CONVERGENCE Approaches to Program Delivery

1. Focus on Packages a menu of different programs delivered to the same target groups or areas by different mechanisms 2. Focus on Converged Delivery Mechanisms a range of programs under a uniform, consolidated delivery mechanism 3. Mixed Approaches

Possible CONVERGENCE Mechanisms

Local Level - Local Poverty Reduction Action Team Regional Level - Kalahi Convergence Group National Level
- Policy Formulation: Sub-committee on Social Protection (SDC, NAPC and Human Development and Poverty Reduction Cluster) - Program: DSWD led Pantawid Pamilya, NAPC led Bottom Up Budgeting , National Convergence Initiative

Possible Convergence Packages or Menu of Programs

Pantawid Pamilya ++ Tatsulo + + National Convergence Initiative of DAR-DADENR (Agri-business, infra + +) Disaster Risk Reduction-Climate Change Adaptation (DRR-CCA) + + PAMANA + + Local Government Initiated Menus (LPRAP + BUB)

Current Social Protection Initiatives

SP Operational Framework and Strategy SP Convergence Framework 5-Year SP Plan SP Handbook SP Vulnerability & Adaptation Manual

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Maraming Salamat Po!

reform to lead