Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lab

Life Sciences 241 L

Objectives
Syllabus Lab 1 - Cardiovascular system (Heart)
Anatomical orientation Composition of cardiovascular system and position of the heart Layers of the heart Heart chambers, valves, and vessels Flow of Blood Through the Heart

Course Guideline
Outline of labs
Texts required Attendance Grading policy

Cardiovascular System Heart Anatomy

Lab 1

Anatomical orientation
Anatomical Planes
frontal (coronal), sagital, transverse

Proximal vs distal Anterior vs posterior Superior vs inferior Medial vs lateral Superfical vs deep Ipsilateral vs contralateral

Anatomical Planes

Proximal vs Distal

Proximal

Distal Posterior

Anterior

Anterior vs Posterior Superior

Superior vs Inferior Inferior

Medial vs Lateral

Superficial vs Deep
Superficial Deep

Medial

Lateral Ipsilateral vs Contralateral

Ipsilateral

Contralateral

The cardiovascular system

Heart Blood vessels
arteries veins capillaries

Blood

Anatomical Position of the Heart

What organs or tissues are around the heart?
Anterior? Posterior? Left? Right? Superior? Inferior?

Anatomical Position of the Heart

Layers of the Heart

Superficial

Deep

Layers of the Heart

Endocardium
deepest layer of the heart smooth lining to reduce friction of bloodflow

Pericardium
outer protective layer composed of : visceral pericardium paricardial cavity parietal pericardium

Myocardium
middle layer of the heart location of muscle fibers responsible for pumping

Cardiac Chambers

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Heart Chambers
Atriums
Receives blood from veins Empties blood into ventricles through the AV valves. Smaller, sac-like chambers of the heart

Ventricles
Receives blood from atriums through AV valves Pumps blood away from heart through the semilunar valves. Large, muscular chambers of the heart.

Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart

Aorta Superior Vena Cava

Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary viens

Inferior Vena Cava

Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart

Systematic circuit
Superior Vena Cava
collects deoxygenated blood from upper body and delivers it to right atrium

Inferior Vena Cava

collects deoxygenated blood from lower body and delivers it to right atrium

Aorta
carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart

Pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary arteries
carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle

Pulmonary veins
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Valves
Right AV (tricuspid) valve Chordai tendineae Papillary muscle Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve Left AV (bicuspid) valve

Valves of the Heart

Atrioventricular valves
Right AV (Tricuspid)
separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.

Semilunar valves
Pulmonary valve
separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteries. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction.

Left AV (Bicuspid)
separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.

Aortic valve
separates the left ventricle from the aorta. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction .

Heart Valve

Blood Flow Through the Heart

Summary
Introduction Anatomical Orientation Cardiovascular System Heart Anatomy Blood Flow through the Heart Take home assignment Next week - Blood Vessels