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OBJECTIF

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RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE
TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE RADIATION

PROCTION OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

RADIOACTIVE SUBTANCE
A radioactive substance is an element that has an unstable nucleus and will tend to give off rays or particles to attain stability. The radioactive element will decay and emit radioactive radiation and heat to form a new element which is more stable. This process called radioactive decay.

 The nucleus of a radioactive substance is not stable and radiates alpha () particles, beta () particles or gamma () rays to form a more stable nucleus Radioactive isotopes are called radioisotopes

RADIATION
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE RADIATION

ALPHA

BETA DIFFERENT

GAMMA

TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE RADIATION

DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS TYPE OF PARTICLE TYPE OF CHARGES PENETRATING POWER TYPE OF RADIOACTIVE RADIATION ALHA RADIATION HELIUM NUCLEUS POSITIVE LOWEST CAN BE BLOCKED BY SEVERAL OF PAPER BETA RADITION ELECTRON NEGATIVE HIGH CAN BE BLOCKED BY A THIN SHEET OF ALUMINIUM GAMMA RADIATION ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE NEUTRAL HIGHEST CAN BE BLOCKED BY A BLOCK OF LEAD

SIMILAR CHARACTERISICS

CAN BE PRODUCED BY RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE CAN BE TRACED BY A GEIGER-MULLER COUNTER

ALPHA RADIATION
Alpha radiation is a heavy, very short-range particle and is actually an ejected helium nucleus. Some characteristics of alpha radiation are:
Most alpha radiation is not able to penetrate human skin. Alpha-emitting materials can be harmful to humans if the materials are inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through open wounds.

Instruments cannot detect alpha radiation through even a thin layer of water, dust, paper, or other material, because alpha radiation is not penetrating.
Alpha radiation travels only a short distance (a few inches) in air, but is not an external hazard.

BETA RADIATION
Beta radiation is a light, short-range particle and is actually an ejected electron. Some characteristics of beta radiation are:

Beta radiation may travel several feet in air and is moderately penetrating. Beta radiation can penetrate human skin to the "germinal layer," where new skin cells are produced. If high levels of beta-emitting contaminants are allowed to remain on the skin for a prolonged period of time, they may cause skin injury. Beta-emitting contaminants may be harmful if deposited internally.
Clothing provides some protection against beta radiation.

GAMMA RADIATION
Gamma radiation and x rays are highly penetrating electromagnetic radiation. Some characteristics of these radiations are:

Gamma radiation are able to travel many feet in air and many inches in human tissue. They readily penetrate most materials and are sometimes called "penetrating" radiation. Gamma radiation are electromagnetic radiation like visible light, radio waves, and ultraviolet light. These electromagnetic radiations differ only in the amount of energy they have. Gamma rays are the most energetic of these. Gamma radiation frequently accompany the emission of alpha and beta radiation during radioactive decay.