1.

to provide guidance to planners & teachers the essential procedures in teaching To formulate a complete & perfect teaching scheme for supervisors & researchers To use as basic guidance for teachers for reflection during the feedback session, and to evaluate & analyze its strengths & weaknesses, so as to plan & implement appropriate follow-up actions.

Linked to concepts & principles developed in cognitive psychology Tests used to measure school learning are being modified to considering mental processing skills 1. Inquiry Training / inductive Thinking - focus on concept formation, interpretation of data, & formation of principles & theories 2.Concept Attainment - focus on categorizing, concept formation & concept attainment 3. Expository

Process of using questionnaire or procedures to derive answer or conclusion to a certain inquiry process
Ascertain the objective Formulate a hypothesis Plan appropriate research activities

Carry out, examine & analyze the result of the study

Derive a conclusion

focus on categorizing, concept formation & concept attainment Concepts are the ideas of abstractions that are formed as a result of categorizing data from a number of observations In this model, the emphasis is on the learner determining the attributes of a concept that has been preselected by a teacher

Determine ahead of time 1. The name of the concept 2. The concept definition or rule 3. Conceptual attributes 4. Examples of the concept 5. Relationship of the concept to other concepts

Explicit explanation in details of certain facts A way of presentation of information or learning contents A way of presenting learning materials by means of explanation, narration or demonstration Students record the important points in their record book Presenting learning materials at the initial part of the lesson

Focus on observable skills & behaviours Positive impact scores on standardized tests of basic skills 1. Direct Instruction - highly structured, teacher directed:, maximization of student learning time 2. Mastery learning - given enough time & quality instruction, nearly all students can master any set of objectives

Systematic instruction for mastery of basic skills, facts & informaton Active teaching high levels of teacher explanation, demonstration & interaction with students Clearly structured knowledge that is needed for later learning & that can be taught step by step

Refers to a theory & practice of using remedial teaching based on the feedback of the performance of pupils to assist them to achieve the learning objectives

Use formative test to assess pupils performance

Remedial activities for pupils who failed to achieve LO

Using formative test to assess pupils performance

carry out remedial activities who have not fully mastered

Associated with the social interaction family Focus on developing the concepts & skills needed to work in group 1. Cooperative learning - focus is on working in groups 2. Role-playing/ simulation - focus is on the study & development of social behaviour & values

Group teaching I - similar ability - high achievement, average , low achievement - teaching maths, language skills, remedial & enrichment activities Ii - mixed ability - brainstorming, science experiment , projects, & competitive activities ( games & quiz)

Learning situation which occurs in a controlled condition & is purposely created to resemble the actual situation, with the aim to carry out a certain activity or training to solve certain problem Eg: Complicated situation, discipline problem or events which occur in environment.

Focus on outcomes held in high regard by humanistic educators High self-concept & self-esteem; positive selfdirection & self esteem, self efficacy, independence Creativity & curiosity, the development of affect & emotions Associated with open education 1 . Facilitative teaching student-centered; based on the methods of Carl Rogers 2. Synectics / analogy - focus on the development & application of creativity