A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE U.S.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The colonial era (1607-1776) A new nation (1776) The Civil War (1861-1865) 19th Century WWI (1914-1918) WWII (1939-1945) The Vietnam War The Cold War (1945 1991) The Gulf War (8/1990 2/1991) The War against terrorism (since 2001) War in Iraq (3/2003 12/2011)

THE COLONIAL ERA

0 First English colony:

Jamestown, Virginia (1607)

0 1620: Plymouth,

Massachusetts (by Puritans)

0 1636: Roger William

formed Rhode Island

THE COLONIAL ERA

0 1733 - 13 colonies found: Massachusetts, Rhode

Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York,

Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
0 The French: Canada, Louisiana, & the Mississippi

watershed
0 1763: Seven Years War with France ended.

England vs. the Colonies

0 No taxation without representation
0 Taxes 0 Lodging of soldiers

0 1773: The Boston Tea Party 0 April 19, 1775: war broke out 0 July 4, 1776: Declaration of Independence

THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR (1775 1783)

0 1777: Saratoga, New York

0 France = alliance
0 1781: Yorktown, Virginia 0 1783: Treaty of Paris: England recognized

American Independence.

A NEW NATION
0 Two principles
0 religious freedom 0 separation between the church

and the state 0 Government = 3 branches (>< fear

of excessive central power)

0 Legislative (Congress) 0 Executive (the president & the

federal agencies)
0 Judicial (Federal court)

WHO ARE THEY?

G.W. & T. J.
0 George Washington
0 1st President 0 Strong president &

0 Thomas Jefferson
0 3rd President 0 More power to the

Central Government

states
0 Purchased Louisiana

from France the Rocky Mountains

SLAVERY & THE CIVIL WAR

Overseer Artayou Carrier whipped me. I was two months in bed sore from the whipping. My master come after I was whipped; he discharged the overseer.

SLAVERY & THE CIVIL WAR

The being of slavery, its soul and its body, lives and moves in the chattel principle, the property principle, the bill of sale principle: the cart-whip, starvation, and nakedness are its inevitable consequences. - James W.C. Pennington

SLAVERY & THE CIVIL WAR

0 All men are created equal >< 1.5 million slaves

0 1820: Should slavery be allowed in western/ new

territories?
0 1860: Abraham Lincoln elected president
0 11 states left the Unions the Confederate States of

America

ABRAHAM LINCOLN
0 1809 1865; 16th president

0 A foe of slavery
0 1863: passed the

Emancipation Proclamation

free all slaves in the

Confederacy
0 1865: assassinated

THE CONFEDERATE STATES

THE CIVIL WAR

Which one was - the beloved general of the South? - the symbol of Union victory?

Ulysses S. Grant [1822, 1885]

Robert E. Lee [1807-1870]

Key Figures

THE CIVIL WAR

0 1861: The War broke out

0 1863: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

0 1865: the war ended
0 Put an end to slavery 0 The country = an indivisble whole instead of a collection

of semi-independent states

GONE WITH THE WIND

There was a land of Cavaliers and Cotton Fields called the Old South. Here in this pretty world, Gallantry took its last bow. Here was the last ever to be seen of Knights and their Ladies Fair, of Master and of Slave. Look for it only in books, for it is no more than a dream remembered, a Civilization gone with the wind...

th 19

Century
0 Andrew Johnson(1808-

1875)
0 17th President (1865

1869)
0 The first president to be

impeached

th 19

Century

0 The U.S. became a leading industrial power

0 1869: first Continental Railroad completed 0 Electrical Industry flourished 0 John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil Company = richest

man in America
0 Andrew Carnegie: steel mills 0 Louis Sullivan: skyscraper

th 19
John D. Rockefeller [1839-1937], American industrialist. At its peak, Rockefeller's personal fortune was estimated at almost $1 billion. The total amount of his philanthropic contributions was about $550 million.

Century
Andrew Carnegie [1835-1919], American industrialist and philanthropist, who, at the age of 33, when he had an annual income of $50,000, said, Beyond this never earn, make no effort to increase fortune, but spend the surplus each year for benevolent purposes.

MONOPOLY & TRUSTS

0 1887: The Interstate Commerce Commission: control

railroad rates
0 1890: The Sherman Antitrust Act: ban trusts

th 19

CENTURY LABOR

0 1886: The American Federation of Labor: coalition of

skilled laborers
0 Heavy immigration many workers were foreign-

born
0 Hard time for farmers

th 19

CENTURY EXPANSION

0 1867: purchase of Alaska

0 1890s: a new spirit of expansion a duty to civilize

the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America

0 1898: the Spanish War The States gained Cuba, the

Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

0 Acquired Hawaiian Islands

th 19

CENTURY EXPANSION

0 1902: American troops left Cuba; naval bases granted

to the U.S.
0 1907: The Philippines obtained limited self-

government 1946: complete independence

0 Puerto Rico = a self-governing commonwealth 0 1959: Hawaii became a state

THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

0 About 1900 0 To reform society through government action
0 Settlement houses established to provide the poor with health

services and recreation

0 End to sale of liquor demanded 0 Corruption fought; public transportation regulated;

municipally owned utilities built

0 Laws passed to restrict child labor, limit work days, and

provide compensation for injured workers

WWI & Pre-Great Depression

0 WWI erupted in Europe in 1914: Woodrow Wilson

urged a policy of strict neutrality

0 1917: Congress declared war on Germany 0 Nov. 11, 1918: armistice declared 0 1919: Wilson came to Paris to draft the peace treaty

Woodrow Wilson
0 28th president of the U.S.

(1913-1921)
0 Enacted reform legislation 0 Led the U.S. during WWI 0 Promoted the formation of

the League of Nations (United Nations)

0 1919 Nobel Prize for Peace

1920s 30s
0 The U.S. withdrew from European affairs 0 Hostile to foreigners
0 1919: First Red Scare 0 1921: immigrations limit enacted 0 1924, 1929: immigrations further tightened

favor given to immigrants from AngloSaxons and Nomadic countries

0 1920s = The age of Prohibition 0 The Roaring Twenties: jazz, silent movies,

fads

1920s 30s
0 Ku Klux Klan: terrorized

blacks, Catholics, Jews and immigrants

Klan members at a rally during the 1920's

1920s-30s Golden Year for Business

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

0 1929: the stock market crashed worldwide depression

0 1932: Industrial production cut in half; wages cut by 60%; 25%

workers unemployed

The only thing we have to fear is fear itself

0 Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882

1945)
0 32nd President (1933-1945) 0 4 terms in office 0 New Deal

NEW DEAL PROGRAMS

1. 2. 3. 4.

CCC Civilian Conservation Corps: building public works, structures and trails in parks CWA - Civil Works Administration: create jobs in construction FHA Federal Housing Agency: mortgages and housing conditions FSA: Federal Security Agency: social security, education funding, food & drug safety

5.
6.

HOLC Home Owners Loan Cooperation: refinancing of homes

NRA National Recovery Act: bring the working class & business together

NEW DEAL PROGRAMS

7.
8. 9.

PWA Public Works Administration: create public works

SSA Social Security Act: combat poverty among seniors TVA Tennessee Valley Authority: develop economy in Tennessee

10. WPA Work Progress Administration: provided jobs across the

nation

WWII
0 1939: the War broke out 0 1941: the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor 0 D-Day (June 6, 1944): Allied forces landed in Normandy 0 May 5, 1945: the Germans surrendered

0 8/1945: the war against Japan ended after Hiroshima &

Nagasaki nuclear bombings

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

0 200,000 civilians were killed

Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (60,000 ft) into the air.

The Good War

"Dear Madam: I have been shown in the files of the War Department a statement of the AdjutantGeneral of Massachusetts that you are the mother of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle. I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine which should attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from tendering to you the consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they died to save. I pray that our heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom. Yours very sincerely and respectfully, Abraham Lincoln."

Harry S. Truman
0 33rd President,

commander in chief of the U.S. forces during WWII 0 Decided to drop the two atomic bombs 0 Founded NATO 0 Initiated the foreign policy of containing Communism 0 The buck stops here vs. Passing the buck

THE COLD WAR (1945-1991)

0 Historical contexts:
0 The United Nations was established & the U.S. joined 0 Soviet forces imposed dictatorships in Eastern Europe 0 Germany was divided 0 1949: NATO formed (12 countries)

0 1950: North Korea invaded South Korea 1953: Korea

divided

THE COLD WAR

0 1945 1 970: long period of

economic growth for America

0 1960: John. F. Kennedy elected

0 Apr. 1961: the Soviets sent the

first man into orbit around the Earth

0 1962: The Soviet Union

installed nuclear missile in Cuba

0 1963: Kennedy assassinated 0 July 1969: Neil Armstrong

stepped onto the moon

THE VIETNAM WAR

0 Presidents: Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon
0 Escalation 0 Quagmire 0 Vietnamization

0 An effort to check on Communism in all fronts

Anti-Vietnam War Movement

DECADES OF CHANGES
0 26 years of Democratic control after WWII 0 1980: Republican Ronald Reagan: big federal government,

high federal taxes

0 Long period of economic growth 0 The revelation: the U.S. secretly sold arms to Iran

0 1988: George Bush

0 1990-1991: The Gulf War

0 1992: Bill Clinton: normalization of diplomatic relations

with Vietnam

DECADES OF CHANGES
0 Debates
0 Federal government vs. decentralization of power 0 Church included or separated from state 0 Ways of dealing with crimes

0 Troubling trends
0 Downsizing of corporations 0 Decline in quality of life, in the strength of the family,

and in neighborliness and civility

Beginning of the
0 Beginning of 2001: economic

st 21

Century

recession
0 September 11, 2001: terrorist

attacks on
0 The World Trade Center 0 The Pentagon

Ground Zero

September 11

0 Who is this man? 0 What is al-Qaeda? 0 What is jihad? 0 Whats Taliban?

0 What happened on May 2,

2011?

THE WAR ON TERRORISM

0 A coalition of nations formed to fight terrorism: NATO

& key neighbors of Afghanistan: Pakistan & India

0 October 2001: America went to war with Afghanistan

THE WAR IN IRAQ

0 1990-1991: Gulf War (response to Iraqs invasion of Kuwait);

Saddam Hussein still in power

0 1998: Iraq announced that it would no longer cooperate with the

U.N. on disarmament
0 2002: Bush administration put a new focus on Iraq as part of its

war against terrorism

0 2003: America & Britain claimed that Iraq was not cooperating

with UN weapons inspectors

0 March 2003: US-led forces invaded Iraq 0 Dec. 18, 2011, the last U.S. troops left Iraq

What points is the cartoon making?

Bush Administration (2001-2009)

0 Tax cuts

0 Education reform: established performance standards

for public schools

0 Extended role for church-based charities in running

social programs
0 The Afghan War & the War in Iraq