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Heating sulphide ores like pyrite in an excess of air 4FeS2(s) + 11O2(g) --------- 2Fe2O3(s) + 8SO2(g) Decomposition of calcium sulphate in the presence of coke 2CaSO4(g) + O2(g) --------- 2CaO(s) + CO2(g) +2SO2(g)
EQUILIBRIUM CONSIDERATIONS
1. Temperature The forward reaction is exothermic. if you lower the temperature the system will respond by moving the position of equilibrium to counteract this. In order to get as much sulphur trioxide as possible in the equilibrium mixture, the temperature should be 400450C.
2. Pressure
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) Notice that there are 3 molecules on the left-hand side of the equation, but only 2 on the right. According to Le Chatelier's Principle, if you increase the pressure the system will respond by favouring the reaction which produces fewer molecules. So the equilibrium will shift to the right. Although high pressure gives a higher yield of sulphur trioxide in the equilibrium mixture, the reaction is done close to atmospheric pressure which gives an approximate yield of sulphur trioxide.
STAGE 3: HYDRATION OF SULPHUR TRIOXIDE (SO3) TO SULPHURIC ACID (H2SO4) The sulphur trioxide is first dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum. H2SO4(l) + SO3(g) -------- H2S2O7(l) This is then diluted with water to produce concentrated sulphuric acid. H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) ------- 2H2SO4(l)
This spent sulphuric acid is regenerated, recycled and can also be thermally decomposed to give sulphur dioxide which is then regenerated into clean sulphuric acid which can then be reused. The vanadium content from the catalyst can be recovered and recycled. This allows for the prevention of the spent catalyst from becoming a problem to the environment. The heat is used to turn water into steam which is then used to generate electricity. No carbon dioxide is formed as no fossil fuel is used.
Negative Impacts
Acid rain Exposure to sulphuric acid fumes. Seeping of sulphuric acid into the soil and marine life.
ACID RAIN
GROUP MEMBERS
Tristan Charran Fabian Sealey Denzel Bagot Crystal Barclay Ashley Persaud Sophia Raghunandan Christy Caleb