TCP/IP Networks

University of Denver ICT 4610 Week 1

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Instructor contacts
Carl Shinn 303.467.2888 cshinn@du.edu or cshinn@compututor.com (NOT BOTH!) Whats YOURS? (Please forward your du.edu address to another address that you check frequently so I can get updates to you quickly)

Week 1 Mar. 26
1 Introduction 2 OSI and TCP/IP 3 Underlying tech

Week 7 May 7

17 Intro to Application Layer 18 DHCP 19 DNS 20 Remote login

Week 2 Apr. 2
4 Intro to network layer 5 IPv4 addresses

Week 8 May 14
21 File Transfer 23 Electronic Mail

Week 3 Apr. 9
6 Delivery/forwarding IP packets 7 IPv4 8 ARP

Week 9 May 21
24 SNMP 22 World Wide Web (HTTP) 26 IPv6 addressing 27 IPv6 protocol 28 ICMPv6

Week 4 Apr. 16
9 ICMP 10 Mobile IP

Week 10 May 28
29 Cryptography and Network Security 30 Internet security and papers due

Week 5 Apr. 23
11 Unicast routing protocols 12 Multicast routing protocols

Week 6 - Apr. 30
13 Intro to Transport layer 14 UDP 15 TCP

(Week 11 June 4
Final due)
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4610-1203 Textbook-- Forouzan: TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 4E

1. Introduction
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Brief history Protocols and standards Standards organizations Internet standards Internet administration

1. Introduction and overview

Motivation: to interconnect multiple diverse networks and make them function as one unit Open system interconnection: publicly available specifications The Internet: worldwide public internetwork that uses TCP/IP
How big is it? According to the Domain Survey at http://www.isc.org/solutions/survey:
Jan. 2012 888,239,420 Oct 2010 777,994,517 January 2008 541,677,360 How big will it be at the next semiannual count?
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Internet history
DoD ARPANET started in 1969 with 4 nodes BBN was a contractor that got it going Cerf and Kahn developed TCP/IP about 1974 Internet itself began around 1980 MILNET split off from the Internet in 1983
SECDEF: all computers on WANs will use TCP/IP ARPA gave low cost TCP/IP to colleges thru BSD

Natl. Science Foundation launched NSFNET ~1986

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IAB, ISOC, RFC

ICCB --> IAB
Internet Activities Board (1983) Internet Architecture Board (1989) http://www.IAB.org/
IETF = Internet Engineering Task Force http://www.ietf.org/ IRTF = Internet Research Task Force http://www.irtf.org/

Internet Society (ISOC) (1992)

Advocates for Internet, hosts IAB http://isoc.org/

Request for Comment (RFC)

Now over 5000, specs, advice, descriptions, jokes Best source: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html
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Internet standardization
Use existing protocols when they work
Invent new protocols when necessary Adopt tested protocols when they become available and mature
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Whats a protocol?
Syntactic and semantic rules for communication Protocols provide (and hide details of)
application level Internet services
interoperability: ability of diverse computing systems to cooperate in solving computational problems examples: WWW, e-mail, file transfer

network level Internet services

connectionless packet delivery service reliable stream transport service
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Review of underlying technologies

The Internet is not a new kind of physical net The PSTN is called connection-oriented (circuit-switching) Local area networks: fast but short haul Rather, a method of interconnecting nets and conventions for using networks The Internet is called connectionless (packet-switching) Wide area networks: slower but long haul
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Physical network examples

LANs Ethernet Token Ring LocalTalk FDDI WANs Private lines
Point-to-point

Frame relay ATM SONET Dial-up lines Wireless local loop

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. Internetworking concept and architectural model

Goal: system that hides network hardware while providing universal communication Application gateways: very messy Network level interconnection is better Internet properties:
No required understanding of network hardware No mandated network topology Use intermediate networks for transport Share a set of machine identifiers
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Internet architecture
Networks are connected by IP routers (which are also called Internet gateways) Routers forward packets to destination networks, not to destination computers
N1 R1 N4 N5 N2 R2 N3 N6

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Advantages of network level interconnection

Application programs dont know the
details of hardware, so changes are invisible

Users dont have to remember how

networks connect

All networks are equal: each counts one

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2. OSI model and TCP/IP suite

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. OSI model Layers in the OSI model TCP/IP protocol suite Addressing TCP/IP versions

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OSI model compared to TCP/IP suite

OSI model TCP/IP suite

7Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data link 1 Physical

3 application 2 transport 1 network 0 network interface

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TCP/IP versions
IPv4
# of bits? # of addresses?

IPv5
# of bits? # of addresses?

IPv6
# of bits? # of addresses?
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3. Underlying technologies
1. LANs: 802.3 and 802.11 2. Point-to-point WANs:
modems, xDSL, cable modem, T-1, T-3, OC-x, PPP

3. Switched WANs: X.25, FR, ATM, (MPLS) 4. Connecting devices

Repeaters Hubs Bridges Routers
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Internet security
This course for this session has been especially enhanced to emphasize security. Was the Internet Protocol Suite designed to be highly secure? Please focus on security as we work on learning about TCP/IP
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SECURITY
What is security? Why do we care about security? Was the Internet designed for security?
Why or why not? How about the present Internet?

To what layer(s) of the OSI Reference Model can security be applied?

Give examples at each layer
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