Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Transits
Repeating instruments, 4 screw, plumb bob and string, vial level on telescope, metal hor./vert. circles with verniers inscribed, and rotation of instrument occurs on a brass spindle rather than ball bearings
Theodolites
Precision instruments, 3 leveling screws, optical plummet, fisheye level on leveling head, Shorter telescope, smaller graduations on verniers if not electronic
Clockwise (Angle Right) ReadingFind the zero mark on the vernier. Find the set of numbers on the bottom scale that increase going right to left.
Clockwise (Angle Right) ReadingDetermine the last known mark going right to left on the bottom scale (57 degrees and just past 30 minutes).
Clockwise (Angle Right) ReadingMoving left on the vernier from zero, find the vernier line that vertically aligns with a scale mark. These two marks should be framed by two vernier marks right inside two scale marks.
Clockwise (Angle Right) ReadingAdd these minutes to the original reading (57d 30m + 7m = 57 d 37m).
Counter-Clockwise (Angle Left) ReadingDetermine the last known mark going left to right on the bottom scale (302 degrees).
Counter-Clockwise (Angle Left) ReadingMoving right on the vernier from zero, find the vernier line that vertically aligns with a scale mark. These two marks should be framed by two vernier marks right inside two scale marks.
Counter-Clockwise (Angle Left) ReadingAdd these minutes to the original reading (302 degrees 23 minutes).
Setting up a Transit
1. Remove transit from its case. Hold it by its standards, never by its telescope. 2. Place on tripod. Screw leveling head on tripod snuggly while holding instrument with one hand. 3. Place instrument roughly over the desired point and adjust the legs of the tripod so that 1) the instrument is at a convenient height, and 2) the tripod plate is nearly level. 4. Tighten the wing nuts on the tripod legs when in position. 5. Secure a plumb bob to the plumb bob chain and hook slightly over desired point.
Setting up a Transit
6. Slowly secure the tripod legs into the ground without jarring the instrument. 7. Loosen two adjacent leveling screws slightly to release tension so that the transit can be shifted laterally until it is precisely over the point. Then retighten the same two screws. 8. Center the leveling tubes or plate levels directly over two opposite leveling screws by rotating the alidade. 9. Begin adjusting the level bubble by turning the two (opposite) leveling screws that are directly beneath the level vial. Proper tension is important at this stage. Leave the screws firmly secure but not bound.
Setting up a Transit
10. Duplicate this procedure using the two remaining leveling screws and the opposite level vial. 11. Repeat the leveling steps a second or third time to eliminate any minor adjustments to the level bubbles. 12. Once the instrument is accurately leveled, the screws may be loosened slightly and the leveling head shifted to position the plumb bob point directly over the desired point of setup. Care must be taken if this is done. It can be shifted right or left but not turned on the leveling head. Any leveling screw must be retightened back to its original point.
1. After setting the instrument over the first point, set the scales to zero.
A. Loosen both the upper and lower motion clamps. B. Hold the alidade stationary, and revolve the circle by pushing on the circle underside with the fingertips. C. When zero is close to the index point of the vernier, tighten the upper clamp. D. With a magnifying glass, slowly turn the upper tangent screw until the zeros are precisely in line.
References Cited
Examples and step by step tutorials were copied directly from the following: Mid-America Vocational Curriculum Consortium, Inc., Basic Surveying Technology, Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State Department of Vocational Technical Education, 1987