PRESENTATION ON DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND SYSTEM DATABASE

PREPARED BY: Sudarshan Abhijeet(113) Chintu garg (100) Ashutosh tiwari(93)

Some important Definitions:

Data: Data are raw facts. The word raw is used to indicate that the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning. For example: Ram, 5
Information: Information is data that has been given meaning by way of relational connection. For example: Ram is 5 years old Database: A database is a collection of related information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated .
Ex. the names, telephone numbers and addresses of all the people you know

Database Management System(DBMS): It is a software system that allows access to data contained in a database.

Objective of DBMS
To provide a convenient and effective method of defining ,storing and retrieving the information contained in the database.

Components of Database system

The major components of Database system are: Data Hardware Software Users

Architecture of DBMS
The architecture of DBMS is divided into three levels: External or user level Conceptual or global level Internal or physical level

The view at each of these levels is described by a scheme. A scheme is an outline or plan that describes the records and relationships existing in the view. In database literature, we use the word schema instead of scheme.

In other words,
Schema is a description of data at some level (e.g., tables, attributes, constraints, domains)

Three level architecture

EXTERNAL LEVEL (highest level)

The users view of the database. Consists of a number of different external views of the DB. Describes part of the DB for particular group of users. Provides a powerful and flexible security mechanism by hiding parts of the DB from certain users. The user is not aware of the existence of any attributes that are missing from the view. It permits users to access data in a way that is customized to their needs, so that the same data can be seen by different users in different ways, at the same time.

CONCEPTUAL LEVEL
The logical structure of the entire database. What data is stored in the database. The relationships among the data. Complete view of the data requirements of the organization, independent of any storage consideration. Represents: - entities, attributes, relations - constraints on data - semantic information on data - security, integrity information Supports each external view: any data available to a user must be contained in, or derivable from the conceptual level.

INTERNAL LEVEL
Physical representation of the DB on the computer. How the data is stored in the database. Physical implementation of the DB to achieve optimal runtime performance and storage space utilization. - Storage space allocation for data - Record description for storage - Record placement - Data compression, encryption

System Database Scope

Introduction to Database Introduction to SQL Server System SQL Supported Databases System Databases and features Categories of System Databases

SQL (Structure Query Language)

To access the data stored in the database and to update the database, we use a special language, structure query language.

SQL Server System

SQL server is a client/server relational database management system (RDBMS) which uses Transact SQL to send request between the client and the SQL server. Transact SQL is a programming and query language which allows data to be accessed, queried, updated, and managed. SQL Server is not just simple RDBMS but also provides reporting capabilities, data analysis and features for processing data while waiting for data synchronization with the front end application. Advantages : (i) Enhanced enterprise data management (ii) Advanced business intelligence (iii) Competitive features (e.g. notification & reporting services)

SQL Server Supported Databases

System Databases: used to store system wide data and metadata. Only developer can manipulate system databases.

User Databases: Created by users who have the appropriate level of permissions to store application data.

Types of Database (Diagram)

Features of System Databases

Created by SQL Server. Used to store information about SQL Server Used to manage user databases.

Modifying System Data

Users are not allowed to directly update the information in system databases. Administrative tools which allow users to fully administer the system are: (i) Administration utilities: SQL Server Management Studio (ii) SQL Server Management Objects Application Programming Interface (API) (iii) Transact- SQL scripts and stored procedures These tools guard applications from changes in the system objects.

Various System Databases Supported By SQL Server

Master Msdb Model Resource tempdb

Master Database
The master database contains all of the system level information for SQL Server- all of the logins, linked servers, endpoints, and other system-wide configuration settings.
The master database is also where SQL Server stores information about the other databases on this instance and the location of their files. If the master database is not present, SQL Server cannot start. Because Master is the database that records the existence of all other databases and the location of those database files and records the initialization information for SQL Server.

Model Database
The model database is used as the template for all databases created on an instance of SQL Server. Because tempdb is created every time SQL Server is started, the modeldatabase must always exist on a SQL Server system. When a CREATE DATABASE statement is issued, the first part of the database is created by copying in the contents of the model database. The rest of the new database is then filled with empty pages.

If you modify the model database, all databases created afterward will inherit those changes. For example, you could set permissions or database options, or add objects such as tables, functions, or stored procedures.

MSDB Database
It is considered as the SQL server agents database as it is responsible for all automated and scheduled operations(i.e. used extensively for the storage of automated job definitions, job schedules, operator definitions, and alert definitions)

It is also used by service broker, database mail, Reporting services.

Resource Database
The Resource database is a read-only database that contains all the system objects that are included with SQL Server. SQL Server system objects, such as sys.objects, are physically persisted in the Resource database, but they logically appear in the sys schema of every database. The Resource database does not contain user data or user metadata. The Resource database makes upgrading to a new version of SQL Server an easier and faster procedure. In earlier versions of SQL Server, upgrading required dropping and creating system objects. Because the Resource database file contains all system objects, an upgrade is now accomplished simply by copying the single Resource database file to the local server. It is not accessible during normal database operations.

tempbd Database
The tempdb system database is a global resource that is available to all users connected to the instance of SQL Server. It is used to hold the following : Temporary user objects that are explicitly created, such as: global or local temporary tables, temporary stored procedures, table variables, or cursors. Internal objects that are created by the SQL Server Database Engine, for example, work tables to store intermediate results for spools or sorting.

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