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Definitions of Productivity
Productivity is measure of how much input is required to produce a given output i.e. it is ratio of out put to input.
5.Workers involvement in decision making and working of orgs. 6.Workers involvement in decision making and working of orgs. 7. Improvement in technology of prodn process and nature of raw-material and its quality. 8. Simplification, standardization and specialization technique.
WORK STUDY
Work study is simply the study of work. It is the analysis of work dividing it into smaller parts followed by rearrangement of these parts to give the same effectiveness at lesser cost. It examines both the method and duration of the work involved in a process
Ensure proper performance of those employed in the prodn process. Measurement of work values. To initiate and maintain incentive bonus schemes. To standardize the method, material and equipment used in the prodn process
Method study
Method study is the systematic Recording, Critical analysis, development and implementation/installation of new methods to perform job to reduce costs etc. with regard to existing/proposed jobs. It is some sort of MOTION STUDY
*Select the task to be studied *Collection, recording and presentation of facts *Analyze the facts *Develop the new methods *Install the new methods *Maintain the methods.
Method study
Select job/process to be examined & observe
current performance high process cost, bottlenecks, tortuous route, low productivity, erratic quality Record & document facts activities performed operators involved - how etc equipment and tools used materials processed or moved apply critical examination - challenge job components & necessity (purpose, place, sequence, method). develop alternative methods & present proposals document as base for new work system Install, monitor (slippage) & maintain
Work Measurement
It is the application of different techniques to measure and establish the time required to complete the job by a qualified worker at a defined level of performance.
Work Measurement
Determines the time required to do a job Decides manpower to do a job Decides equipment requirement Provides information for effective PPC Aids in calculating exact delivery dates Decides realistic labor budgeting and provides a basis
for standard costing system Provides a basis for fair and sound incentive schemes Results in effective labor control
*Select Task to be studied *Record the facts *Analyze the facts *Measure the Tasks *Define the method and related time *Maintain the work
A Time Study
select job & identify the work tasks check the method - is it efficient/agreed? start a Time Study sheet & break work task into "units" several times with a stop watch & for a sample of workers, time measure
completion times for each unit of work in the job sequence average for each worker determine & apply worker effort rating for each worker (BSI scale) Apply fatigue, personal & other allowances
From the observation data (worker average times) calculate standard time for
the task Assumes: set sequence, routine work cycle (all workers), little discretion, 100% effort rating - trained/qualified, motivated/committed, working at normal pace & not fatigued Fix standard time and enter into measured work manual/database