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Is Process Capable?
Purpose: Determine the adequacy of the process with respect to customer /management needs.
Define Process
Is Process Capable ?
Is Process Stable ? Yes Improve Process Capability No Is Process Capable ? Yes Use SPC to Maintain Current Process
No
8-1
Capable Process
A stable process that meets customer requirements.
Histogram Control Chart
UCL
Is Process Capable ?
CL
LCL
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Run Order
Lower Spec
Target
Upper Spec
Capability assessments for unstable processes, may not be indicative of how the process is actually performing.
8-2
Is Process Capable ?
Counting Measures
Instrument Measures
Comparing both the center of the process and the process variation
8-3
Is Process Capable ?
35 30
Number of Errors
25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 LCL=4.0 Avg=16.0
Week
Is Process Capable ?
Cpk < 1.0 Process is not capable of meeting specs Cpk = 1.0 Process is marginally capable Cpk > 1.0 Process is capable of meeting specs Benefits: Optimal values are attained by running exactly between specs. Can (must) be used for 1-sided specifications
Warning: Capability assessments for unstable processes, may not be indicative of how the process is actually performing. 8-5
Process Capability
LSL
USL
Is Process Capable ?
How much material is out of spec? In the short term? In the long term?
8-6
Is Process Capable ?
LSL
USL
8-7
Is Process Capable ?
Defects
Defects
LSL
USL
8-8
Is Process Capable ?
8-9
Is Process Capable ?
Cp
Total Tolerance
Process Spread
8-10
Is Process Capable ?
Individual Value
34 X=30.60 29
Is It Producing Defects ?
24 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
-3.0SL=23.84
Observation Number
A Short-term Capability study covers a relatively short period of time (days, weeks) generally consisting of 30 to 50 data points. The actual number depends on the subject under study.
8-11
Is Process Capable ?
Individual Value
40 X=33.80 30
Is It Producing Defects ?
20 0 50 100
-3.0SL=20.49
Observation Number
A long-term capability study covers a relatively long period of time (weeks, months) generally consisting of 100-200 data points. Again, the actual amount depends on the subject under study.
8-12
Is Process Capable ?
N 30 180
What is the difference between the short-term and the long-term data?
What implication does this have in doing capability studies?
8-13
Is Process Capable ?
Distance from process average to closest specification limit min (USL - x , x - LSL) P pk = = 1 3ss True Process Range 2
Note: a negative result is possible if the process average is outside specifications
Ppk < 1.0 Process Performance is not meeting specs Ppk = 1.0 Process Performance is marginally meeting specs Ppk > 1.0 Process Performance is meeting specs Benefits: Optimal values are attained by running exactly between specs. Can (must) be used for 1-sided specifications
8-14
Is Process Capable ?
13
CO2-Shrt
DSO
12
11
10 Index 10 20 30 40 50
These data show that the process, if well controlled can perform much better than it currently is
8-15
Is Process Capable ?
13
CO2-Shrt
DSO
12
11
10 Index 10 20 30 40 50
Is Process Capable ?
The P-family of indices are computationally the same as the C-family of capability indices, but use the observed long-term standard deviation.
8-17
WARNING!!!
Statistical Assumptions Made In Capability Studies
1. Data Comes From a Stable Process
Is Process Capable ?
If not, work towards getting the process in control Dont despair, you can still make some assumptions about your process in the mean time
8-18