ACADEMIA - 2007

Dr. M. SRINIVASAN, Ph.D.

Head, Dept. Of Biochemistry & Biotechnology
Sourashtra College - Madurai.

Current address
Dr. M. SRINIVASAN, Ph.D.
Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry,

CARISM, SASTRA UNIVERSITY,

 THE WORLD SCENARIO IN NUCLEAR
ENERGY

Atomic energy will be an only source that

can meet out the demand of future world

At the same time every country in the

world looking for the safety measure to
protect it.
 Challe nges

There are possibilities for earth quake

Tsunami like unexpected devastating events which is

beyond to our control.

These are the targets for many anti-social elements.

 THE WORLD VISION IN NUCLEAR ENERGY

 An international task force is developing six nuclear reactor

technologies for deployment between 2020 and 2030. Four are fast
neutron reactors.

 All six systems represent advances in sustainability, economics,

safety, reliability and proliferation-resistance.

 All of these operate at higher temperatures than today's reactors. In

particular, four are designated for hydrogen production.
 Indian scenario
 Many of the developing country in the world, go for nuclear
power plant installation with the technical support of
developed nations

 They follow the simple adaptation of GMP and SOP of

developed nations.

 Usually developing countries do not want to go for the

modification of reactor construction or entirely new trials. It is
not permitted also.
SODIUM (OR) FLUORIDE SALT COOLANT

Temperatures range from 510°C to 1000°C, compared

with less than 330°C for today's light water reactors.

This can be used for thermo-chemical

hydrogen production.
 MOLTEN SALT REACTORS

 Sodium chloride is the cheapest chemical

 NaCl melts at about 801°C. The melting point can be elevated or depressed by adding certain additives

 NaCl is neutral, non-reactive to water and air, but molden sodium is violent reactive to water and air.

 This molden NaCl can be electrolyzed to Na + Cl2 from Na by adding H2O. Hydrogen gas can be

produced.

 This hydrogen can be stored by reservoirs so, the halting of reactor is possible for maintenance.

The production of electricity can be managed at this site against various demand level.

 This chemical energy may produce more net efficiency than that of steam associated power production
Comparison of Energy Efficiency
 DISADVANTAGES OF SODIUM FAST REACTOR

 Sodium reacts violently with water and actively with air.

 Radiation damages a serious problem, except with molten fluid.
 Sodium must be kept free of oxygen.
 High thermal stress complicates reactor vessel and steam
generator design.
 Sodium is strongly activated by nuclear bombardment.
 Provisions must be made to heat coolant if it freezes.
 NUCLEAR REACTORS SAFETY
 Is it safe to earth quake beyond the magnitude of 9?

 It is expected the rise of sea level up to 7 meter by global warming. Could you manage the

inlet and outlet flow of water in near future?

 Do we have any scrubbing /neutralizing mechanism during uncontrolled and unexpected

explosion? Because most of the power plants are located near to the high density

population cities

 Some thing like earth quake, the height of the Tsunami waves cannot be predicted so, how

it is possible to make a barrier walls near to the plant?

 Discharge of cooling water nearest to the city costal line may cause ecological impact in

the future so, how can we reduce this effect?

 Can we stop our reactor for maintenance with out disruption to power production system?
In addition to the TMI-2 and Chernobyl accidents, the folowing accidents have been
extracted from a report given by the IEEE site. But the site has been moved.
NUCLEAR REACTORS SAFETY
THANK YOU