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6.

0 LAND AND ITS RESOURCES


6.1 Analysing the various minerals found in the Earths crust.

Prepared by: L.C. Seah

Learning Outcomes:
describe what a mineral is, explain through examples that minerals exist in the form of natural elements or natural compounds, identify the elements in natural compounds, describe the properties of minerals, write equations in words to show the effect of heat on the minerals.

Minerals

Element

Compound

Metal

Non-metal

Silicon compound

Calcium carbonate

Minerals
Hard Do not dissolve in water

Element
Platinum Carbon Mercury Sulphur Silver Gold

Compound
Carbonate Oxide Silicate Sulphide

Natural mineral content


Bauxite Aluminium oxide Cassiterite Tin oxide Hematite Iron oxide Magnesite Magnesium carbonate Malachite Copper carbonate Galena Lead sulphide Limestone/Marble Calcium carbonate

Properties of minerals
Hardness Solubility in water Effect of heat

Colours
Hematite Brown Malachite Green Bauxite White Cassiterite Black Galena Grey Iron pyrite Black Limestone - White

Physical
Hard minerals

Chemical characteristics
Do not dissolve in water Metal oxide and silicate do not decompose when heated Metal carbonates and sulphides can be easily decomposed by heating

Effect of heat on metal carbonate


heated Metal metal oxide + carbon dioxide carbonate Test by lime water

heated Zinc zinc oxide + carbon dioxide carbonate

Effect of heat on metal sulphide


heated Metal Metal Sulphur + oxygen sulphide oxide + dioxide Test by acidic potassium manganate (VII) solution acidic potassium dichromate (VI) solution heated Magnesium Sulphur Magnesium + oxygen + dioxide sulphide oxide

Test yourself:
1 Name the elements or chemical compounds that are naturally present in the Earths crust. 2 State four examples of natural elements that exist freely in the Earths crust. 3 State four examples of minerals that exist in the form of compounds in the Earths crust.

Test yourself:
4 State two common properties of most of the minerals in the Earths crust. 5 Write an equation in word form to represent the reaction between magnesium sulphide and oxygen.

Answer:
1 2 3 4 5 Mineral Gold, silver, platinum and mercury Oxide, carbonate, sulphide and silicate Hard and do not dissolve in water Magnesium sulphide + oxygen magnesium oxide + sulphur dioxide

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