3-3 Growth of Judaism

p. 213

Vocabulary
Babylon-city capital in Mesopotamia of the ChaldeansJews were sent there as punishment Judas Maccabeus-priest who rebels against Greeks Herod-Roman king in Jerusalem Zealots-a group who revolted against Romans Johanan ben Zakkai-rabbi who convinces Romans not to destroy Jamnia. Exile-forced to live in another land Sabbath-weekly day of worship and rest Synagogue-Jewish house of worship

Vocabulary
Disapora-Greek word meaning scattered Messiah-deliverer sent by God Rabbi-Jewish leaders of Synagogue (pastors, priests)

Exile and Return p. 214

Religion known as Judaism While in exile in Babylon, small groups still met together on Sabbath. They met in synagogues (peoples houses) to worship and read Torah. This gave them hopeof a return to Judah/Israel

Jews return to Judah

500 BC Persians (Iran) and defeat the Chaldeans and capture Babylon. Persian King Cyrus lets Jews return to Judah. Some stay in Babylon. Cyrus appoints officials to rule Judah, collect taxes, etc. Because Persians controlled Judah, Jews looked to religion for leadership-rabbis

Jewish Leadership
Jewish leaders become temple priests, rabbis, scribes and scholars. Scribe Ezra wrote down the first 5 books of Torah on parchment. Sewed it together in scrolls Torah and other writing become the Hebrew Bible

Hebrew Bible
Series of books collected together 5 books of Torah plus 34 books The books describe Jewish history. 1 book in Torah is Genesis-God created earth and man in 6 days and rested on 7th day God punished them with the flood. Noah to build an ark, put animals in, cover earth in water. (ice age melts)

Different languages
Genesis explains different languages. Babel (Babylon) tried to build a tower to heaven God disapproved and scattered people and gave them different languages so they couldnt come up with stupid plans like this one.

Cool story for a peaceful future

Book of Daniel addresses peaceful future Daniel, Jewish kid, living in Babylon Works for King Darius, Persian King King thinks he is great and other advisors in court are jealous of Daniel Convince Darius to have a week where everyone must worship Darius but Daniel wont do it (punishment is death)

The Advisors Catch Daniel

Daniel worships God and advisors catch him. Take him to Darius. He is bummed because he has to follow his own order and kill Daniel. Put Daniel in Lions Den as death sentence. Darius is really upset. Daniel liveslions are pets God protected me because he was faithful Darius kills the other advisors.

Jews and Greeks

334BC Alex the Great (Greek King) Eventually he defeats the Persians Judah becomes his Lets Jews stay in Judah, he introduces Greek language and Greek lifestyle

What is Diaspora?
Jews are living all around Alexanders empire Some in Babylon, Egypt, Phoenicia, Samaria, and other lands as well as Judah. Jews outside of Judah were known as the Diaspora. scattered Learned Greek ways but were still faithful to Judaism Copied Hebrew Bible into Greek which spread the Jewish ideas all around the empire.

Jewish Revolt
168BC Greek ruler Antiochus controlled Judah. He decided they had to worship Greek gods and goddesses Judas Maccabeeus and followers rebelled. Drove the Greeks out of Judah Cleaned out temple and made it Jewish worship area Celebrate yearly Hanukkah (8 days to clean temple out) Maccabeus family ruled Judah and took over part of the Samaria area known as Israel.(100 years or so)

Jewish Holidays
Passover: Passover the door and freeing them from Egypt Rosh Hoshana (new year): Jewish New Year 5771 Yom Kippur (day of atonement): make amends for past years sins Hanukkah (dedication): Celebrate Maccabees victory and reclaiming of the temple How did Alexander the Great affect/influence the Jews?

The Jewish Way of Life p. 217

Jewish law set out many rules for Jews to follow Laws affected food, clothes, etc. Laws emphasized self-control and reminded Jews of their religion and to keep them safe and well.

Ruth and Naomi p. 219

Read about Ruth and Naomi on page 219. List at least 5 things you learned about their story. Use complete sentences in your own words.

Jewish Clothing
Orthodox-follow the original way Forbids mixing of different fabrics-flax or wool, but cant mix the two Tunic of linen (plant fibers) and layered it with a wool or sheepskin cloak Caps/turbans, sandals Women wear long, simple dresses, covered head with shawl, richer wear shoes, makeup and jewelry

Education
Rabbis were the religious teachers Only boys were allowed to go to school and read the Torah Age 5 to school and the hazen (teacher) taught them everything from Torah. Age 13, you are done with school and are an adult.

Family Life
Sons are valued because they carry the family name and take over when father dies. Education-first teacher is parent Fathers teach earning a living and Torah Girls educated at home by Mother. Learn about laws re: food/clothing Learn historical Jewish women that become role models: Ruth, Naomi, Deborah

Jewish Food
Jews can only eat certain animals. Nothing with a cloven hoof Can eat beef and lamb, but no pork Why not pork? Pigs are dirty, eat anything, carry diseases Eat scaly fish, salmon, trout No smooth skinned fish, eel, clams, oysters (bottom feeders) Law about food are Kashrut (Kosher)

Food
Also separate containers for dairy and meats and vegetables-cant eat meat and dairy together Animals must be killed in a certain way
Slit throat, bleed carcass, inspected, salted and soak to preserve it In ancient times, meals fish, vegetable, fruit, barley bread, milk, water, wine, beer Why were sons so valued in Jewish society?

Jews and Romans p 220

63 BC Romans conquered Judah Roman capital is Rome, Italy, too far away Rename it Judea and let the Jews run it. King Herod (Jewish and Roman) in Jerusalem, improved temple, cruel, king when Jesus is born Herod dies, and Roman take control, but Jews had splintered into 3 groups and didnt have power to rebel.

3 Jewish Groups
Pharisees Big in oral tradition; all stories are passed down my mouth. They believe that telling stories is important to keep religion alive. EX: tell about the Exodus from Egypt to generations so they know the scoop

Group 2: Sadducees
More concerned about how the Torah applied to priests in Temple. Scribes and priests Didnt agree with some of the Pharisees teachings. They care about oral teachings; they were more worried about the law and commandments Strict with the dietary and social laws

Group 3: Essenees
Priests who broke away from the Temple in Jerusalem-live in the desert Spend life praying and waiting for God to deliver them from the Roman control Follow the laws strictly like Sadducees 1947 we found their writing in caves by the Dead Sea; Dead Sea Scrolls

Jews Revolt
Romans are hated. Cruel, controlling, tax, persecute the Jews. Jews want Canaan back. Waiting for a messiah-deliverer sent by God (Moses, Jesus,) Zealots just want to kill the Romans.

Zealots
In 66 AD, Zealots revolt against Romans and are able to drive them from Jerusalem. 70 AD, Romans return-kill thousands, force Jews to leave, destroy temple The Western Wall is all that is left of the original temple. 132 AD Simon Bar Kochba leads Jews against Romans again-win 135 AD Romans regroup quickly and take over: Jewish leaders and Kochba are killed Rename the area Palestine for Philistines that Jews conquered in Davids time. Ultimate dis

Jewish Teachers
Survive, but priests are gone. The rabbi becomes the leader Teach from the Torah, interpret what it means, provide guidance to people Johanan ben Zakkai, Pharisee. In 70 AD revolt when Romans sack Jerusalem, he convinces them to not destroy Jamnia, a Jewish city.

Why Zakkai important?

Able to keep Judaism alive, study Torah, emphasized loving kindness. Center of study for 100s of years. Wanted to save their teachings-called commentaries Put commentaries together in Talmud They persecuted an in 1948 Palestine divided and a new Israel is created.

Section 3 Review p. 223 1-5