Presented by Carolyne Muani Hema Appun Doley Shrishti Dohare Poonam Kumari

Introduction Historical Evolution Current Landscape

What is Technology?

The word technology comes from the Greek words techne which means craft and logy which means scientific study of. So technology means the scientific study of craft Craft in this case, means any method or invention that allow humans to control or adapt to their environment.

What is Information Technology

Information technology (IT) is a branch of engineering dealing with the use of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data. The term I.T. refers to the integration of computing technology and information processing

It enhances our local economy. It help to solving social issue and to develop community relationship.

Embedded Connectivity (smart, dynamic) Connectivity era Logical connectivity (wireless/service oriented, semantic, event-based Physical Connectivity (network, group productivity information overload) Personal computing (individuals productivity tools) Mainframe Computing (organizational, department productivity) 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Computing era

2020

2030

Historical Evolution of Information Technology

Characterized by a principal technology used to solve the input, processing, output and communication problems of the time:

4 Basic Periods of Information Technology The Premechanical Age The Mechanical Age The Electromechanical Age The Electronic Age

The Premechanical Age (3000 B.C.- 1450 A.D.)

Writing and Alphabets--communication. Paper and Pens--input technologies. Books and Libraries: Permanent Storage Devices. The First Numbering Systems. The First Calculators: The Abacus.

Abacus

The Mechanical Age: 1450 - 1840

The First Information Explosion.

Johann Gutenberg (Mainz, Germany) Invented the movable metal-type printing process in 1450. The development of book indexes and the widespread use of page numbers.

The first general purpose "computers"

Actually people who held the job title "computer: one who works with numbers.

Slide Rules, the Pascaline and Leibniz's Machine.

Babbage's Engines
Charles Babbage (1792-1871), eccentric English mathematician Working model created in 1822. The "method of differences". difference engine analytical engine

Designed during the 1830s Parts remarkably similar to modern-day computers. The "store" The "mill" Punch cards. Punch card idea picked up by Babbage from Joseph Marie Jacquard's (1752-1834) loom. Introduced in 1801. Binary logic Fixed program that would operate in real time.

The Electromechanical Age: 1840 - 1940.

The discovery of ways to harness electricity was the key advance made during this period. Knowledge and information could now be converted into electrical impulses. The Beginnings of Telecommunication.

Voltaic Battery. Late 18th century. Telegraph. Early 1800s. Morse Code. Developed in1835 by Samuel Morse Dots and dashes. Telephone and Radio-Alexander Graham Bell in 1876

Followed by the discovery that electrical waves travel through space and can produce an effect far from the point at which they originated. These two events led to the invention of the radio Guglielmo Marconi 1894 Electromechanical Computing Herman Hollerith and IBM. Herman Hollerith (1860-1929) in 1880. By 1890-The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). Its first logo

The Electronic Age: 1940 - Present.

 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) 1946. Used vacuum tubes (not mechanical devices) to do its calculations. Hence, first electronic computer. Developers John Mauchly, a physicist, and J. Prosper Eckert, an electrical engineer The Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania Funded by the U.S. Army. But it could not store its programs (its set of instructions)

The First General-Purpose Computer for Commercial Use: Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC).

The First Generation (1951-1958).

Vacuum tubes as their main logic elements.

Punch cards to input and externally store data. Rotating magnetic drums for internal storage of data and programs Programs written in Machine language Assembly language Requires a compiler.

The Second Generation (1959-1963)

Vacuum tubes replaced by transistors as main logic element. AT&T's Bell Laboratories, in the 1940s Crystalline mineral materials called semiconductors could be used in the design of a device called a transistor Magnetic tape and disks began to replace punched cards as external storage devices.

 Magnetic cores (very small donut-shaped magnets that could be polarized in one of two directions to represent data) strung on wire within the computer became the primary internal storage technology. High-level programming languages E.g., FORTRAN and COBOL

The Third Generation (1964-1979).

Individual transistors were replaced by integrated circuits. Magnetic tape and disks completely replace punch cards as external storage devices. Magnetic core internal memories began to give way to a new form, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) memory, which, like integrated circuits, used silicon-backed chips Operating systems Advanced programming languages like BASIC developed. Which is where Bill Gates and Microsoft got their start in 1975.

The Fourth Generation (1979- Present)

Large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits (LSIs and VLSICs). Microprocessors that contained memory, logic, and control circuits (an entire CPU = Central Processing Unit) on a single chip. Which allowed for home-use personal computers or PCs, like the Apple (II and Mac) and IBM PC. Apple II released to public in 1977, by Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs. Initially sold for $1,195 (without a monitor); had 16k RAM. First Apple Mac released in 1984. IBM PC introduced in 1981. Debuts with MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)

Current Landscape

Because of the complex nature of the apparel production process, a number of different types of technology are required. Currently available technology includes:

Computer-aided design(CAD) software Bar code labeling technology 3 D Body scanning systems EDI PLM PDM Radio frequency Identification (RFID) technology. EPC ERP

Computer-aided design (CAD), also known as computeraided design and drafting (CADD), is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.

CAD is an innovative apparel CAD perfect for manufacturers and designers of any size. CAD quickly, efficiently and accurately builds patterns, makes markers, and grades for individual garments or entire lines. Better than manual pattern making and any other software available,

CAD Features Learn quickly with help tools and video tutorials in dozens of languages.

Build accurate patterns in a shorter amount of time.

Calculate and make adjustments for shrinkage

Insert half-size grades into existing patterns

Adjust patterns and blocks based on customer feedback

Save money through advanced marker piece placement Organize patterns digitally without digitizers or storage space

In 1970s it made an entry in the Textile and Apparel industry.

According to the National Knitwear Association of US, of 228 apparel manufacturers: 60% use CAD to create color ways. 60% use CAD to create printed fabric design. 48% use CAD to create merchandising presentation. 41% use CAD to create knitwear designs. Computers only speeds up the process of repeat making, color changing & motif manipulation.

Soft-Body and Custom Dress Forms

It builds the most advanced soft-body dress forms available in the fashion industry. It uses soft-flesh material to create forms that feel and give just like a live model.

We can customize dress forms based on 3D scanned data of actual fit models. It can build a dress form for almost every type of model, regardless of age, shape, or gender.

A barcode is an optical machine readable representation of data relating to the object to which it is attached. Originally barcodes represented data by varying the widths and spacing of parallel lines, and may be referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D). Later they evolved into rectangles, dots, hexagons and other geometric patterns in two dimensions (2D).

Barcodes originally were scanned by special optical scanners called barcode readers later, scanners and interpretive software became available on devices including desktop printers and smart phones.

Bridging the Gap Between Design and Development :

o Improved communication between internal and external merchandising, design, technical design, sourcing, vendors, and customers can significantly reduce overall product development time. o Allows the designer to communicate changes quickly to the pattern maker and see the results within hours, instead of days or weeks.

Increased Speed-to-market, Increased Profits:

o Companies can tweak their designs and approve them digitally, with minimal sample making. o This gets the designs into the stores much faster than in the past, enabling companies to capture continuing sales.

Patterns of the different parts composing a cloth item. Center: the different parts are placed in a 3D environment around the digital human body model and are stitched together. Right: the final result of the simulation.

EDI extracts information from a business process, that is Purchase Order, Invoice, etc. Then the data is automatically translated by the EDI system into a standardized language after which it is securely transmitted over a Value Added Network [VAN] and routed to the final recipient. The EDI system automatically translates the standardized data into a format that can be imported by the trading partners.

EDI enables the automated digital exchange of data which requires little to no manual intervention and removes the risk of human error. Key benefits of using EDI, reduction or elimination of data entry errors, the increase in business information accuracy, a streamlined transaction processing, the reduction of business transaction costs and the improvement of customer satisfaction with faster response times. EDI will improve your cash flow by saving time and money when sending and receiving business documents.

In industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal.

This software meets the demands by providing industry-leading solutions for line planning and calendar management, integrated specification development and global sourcing. These solutions enable manufacturers and private label retailers to more easily capture new ideas at the front end of innovation to stay on trend.

Increase profitable growth: Increase profitability and improve product development efficiency through better global calendar management integrated with line planning, materials management, costing and supplier collaboration. Re-use best practices: PLM solutions provide a systematic and repeatable methodology for design and development, which improves efficiency while driving consistency and process improvement. Reduce design costs: Quick and easy retrieval of stored design concepts and easier collaboration leads to lower material and overall operating costs.

Product data management (PDM) is the business function often within product lifecycle management that is responsible for the management and publication of product data. In software engineering, this is known as version control. Product data management is the use of software or other tools to track and control data related to a particular product.

Track and manage all changes to product related data Accelerate return on investment with easy setup Spend less time organizing and tracking design data Improve productivity through reuse of product design data

Enhance collaboration.

Radio Frequency Identification Device Holds a small amount of unique data a serial number or other unique attribute of the item The data can be read from a distance no contact or even line of sight necessary Enables individual items down to the proverbial can of beans to be individually tracked from manufacture to consumption.

Active RFID Tag Power Source Internal to tag

Passive RFID Energy transferred using RF from reader

Tag Battery
Availability of power Required signal strength to Tag Range

Yes
Continuous Very Low Up to 100m

No
Only in field of reader Very High Up to 3-5m, usually less

Multi-tag reading

1000s of tags recognized up to 100mph

Up to 128Kb or read/write with sophisticated search and access

Few hundred within 3m of reader

128 bytes of read/write

Data Storage

The Electronic Product Code (EPC) is designed as a universal identifier that provides a unique identity for every physical object anywhere in the world, for all time. Its structure is defined in the EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, which is an open standard freely available for download from the website of EPCglobal, Inc..

Tags Tag Antenna Reader Antenna Reader

Data carrier the ID number Unique EPC Code is programmed into the Tag Connected to chip in Tag could be wire or printed using conductive ink Coil included in plastic or similar case usually 12 18inches square Data capture device interrogates the tag and retrieves the data from all tags in the receiving area. Can be fixed or portable

Savant

Servers/Software to support readers, extract unique information from the read data, and communicate with External databases
Object Name Service similar to DNS in the Internet knows the appropriate database holding full information about the product the tag is attached to

ONS

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is business management software that allows an organization to use a system of integrated applications to manage the business. ERP software integrates all facets of an operation, including development, manufacturing, sales and marketing.

In the analysis of ERP systems there are a number of technologies: A. Client Server Systems B. Networks C. Relational Databases and Data Warehouses D. Software E. Software Choice F. Reengineering and Best Practices

Client Server is a computing model in which the application processing load is distributed between a client computer and a server computer, which share information over a network. Typically the client is a PC running front end software that knows how to communicate with the server (often a db server) Typically the server is a PC or workstation, but it can be a mainframe

The most talked about advance in POS technology is the use of mobile card readers. These devices are usually given away for a small fee or for free by merchant account providers and easily connect to a smart phone or tablet computer. These card readers are typically less than two inches long by two inches wide, making them easy to carry and connect.

The devices are capable of scanning the magnetic strip of any credit or debit card run through the device, essentially making a card reader out of any mobile device. This technology will allow businesses to receive payments from customers who do not have a credit card or who simply do not want to give their credit card information to a new business.

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