By Jaywant Jagdish Bari

Objects of ring frameThe ring spinning m/c is designed to:Attenuate the roving until the required fineness achieved. To impact the strength to the fibre strand by twisting it. To windup the resulting yarn in a form suitable for storage, transportation & further processing.

Various parts of R/F m/c:The creel Roving bobbin The drafting The spindle Lappet Balloon controlling ring Separators The ring The traveller Ring rail Bobbin

Material passage in the R/F:The feed material i.e. roving bobbin are creeled in appropriate holders & the guide rails lead the roving into the drafting arrangement. Here the roving attenuates to the final count. Upon leaving the front roller pair of drafting, the emerging fine fibres strand receives turns of twist needed to give its strength.

The spindle rotating at a high speed generated the twists. Each revolution of the spindle imparts one turn of twist to the yarn. And spinning of the yarn is thus completed.

1. The creel
The creel in design is a simple device. If the roving bobbin does not unwind perfectly then false drafts can arise, or even end breaks. For this the modern creels have the bobbin suspension holders. There is one holder for each spindle. On the KTTMs -RXI 240e R/F, the creels are of six rows with reverse bobbin type.

2. The drafting arrangementIn modern short staple ring spinning mills, the ring frames are fitted with the 3-over3,double apron drafting system. They comprise 3 lower & 3 top rollers. The bottom rollers are driven positively while the top rollers are pressed against them. The bottom rollers are fluted & the top one are coated with synthetic rubber.

 If higher drafts can be used with a

drafting arrangement, then coarser roving can be used as a feeding material. Soft rubber cots for top rollers have a greater area of contact, enclose the fibre strand more completely and therefore provide better guidance for the fibres.

Normally harder rubber cots are used for back top rollers, because the roving which enters the back roller is compact, little twisted and it does not require any additional guidance for better fibre control.

Components of drafting-

Drafting at a glance

Top roller dia. -29mm Bottom roller dia. -27mm Bottom roller-

settings

front middle =44mm middle -back =60mm Top rollerfront middle =48mm middle -back =58mm

ApronThey are made either by leather or synthetic rubber & have a thickness of about 1mm. The lower & top apron co-operate with each other to guide & transport the fibres during drafting & they exert very significant influence on the drafting. It is imp. that the aprons should extend as close as possible to the nip line.

LappetsIt is mounted directly above the each spindle to lead the centrally over the spindle axis. The lappet consist of thread guide made of bent wire & pivotable support arm.

Balloon controlling ringModern spindles are relatively long; the spacing between the ring & lappet correspondingly long, thus giving a high balloon. Due to this the yarn tension increase corresponding with a heavier traveler. However this would be resulted in more ends down. In order to avoid this, the B.C.R. is used, each dividing its balloon in 2 sub balloons.

RingThe rings are supported on the raisable & lowerable ring rail. For rings the 2 dimensions are of prime importance; the inner dia & flange width. The rings are available in 2 types; a single sided & a double sided. A double sided ring worn on one side can be turned over & used on the second side.

TravelerTraveler imparts twist to the yarn. Traveler and spindle together help to wind the yarn on the bobbin. Length wound up on the bobbin corresponds to the difference in peripheral speeds of the spindle and traveler. Since traveler does not have a drive on its own but is dragged along behind by the spindle.

C type traveler-

SALIENT FEATURES OF A TRAVELLER:

Generate less heat dissipate heat fastly friction between ring and traveler should be minimal it should have excellent wear resistance for longer life hardness of the traveler should be less than the ring

Twisting the yarn

The twisting & winding zones are common, rotating bobbin inserts the twist and traveler simultaneously winds the yarn onto the bobbin. For practical purposes, one rotation of the traveler inserts one

turn of twist.

Spindle assembly-

Traveler speed calculationTraveler speed= spindle speed*3.14*ring dia/60*12 Example spindle speed=19000 ring dia =36mm=1.41 inch Traveler speed = 19000*3.14*1.41/60*12 = 117.44feets/sec.

Production calculationProdn= spl.spd*60*8*eff% 840*2.204*36*t.p.i.*cnt. E.g.spl spd=19000rpm eff=85% t.p.i.=33.29 cnt=60 s CH

 Prodn

in kgs/shift/spl=

19000*60*8*0.85 840*2.204*36*33.29*60 =0.058kg.

Now, prodn/m/c of 1200spl/day= = 0.058*3*1200 =208.8kgs

T.M. values for different countApplicaton Yarn count Carded Carded Weaving yarns Carded Carded Combed Combed Combed Combed 10 20 30 40 30 40 60 80 T. M. 4.3-4.6 4.1-4.2 4.0-4.2 3.9-4.2 3.8-4.0 3.7-4.0 3.6-6.9 3.6-6.9