ORIGINS OF COMPUTING LECTURE 9 REFERENCING

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Why reference?

Acknowledge a source as a courtesy to the creator of the ideas or words to which you are referring; This makes it clear that you have not created them yourself; Other people can then find the texts you have used; You can find sources in the future; Being thorough in referencing is a good habit hopefully it means that you have been thorough checking out all your facts.

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Reference

Material for this lecture was taken from: Cottrell, S., (2003). The Study Skills Handbook. Basingstoke: Macmillan, p.135.

And from Referencing@Portsmouth. (2007). Retrieved December 8th, 2008, from http://referencing.port.ac.uk/. Beware!!! Every part of the formatting should be correct for referencing be careful with full stops, commas, italics etc. This is where packages like Endnote are helpful they do everything for you.
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When must you reference?

When you draw on a source of information: as your inspiration (in general)

as the source of a particular theory, argument, viewpoint or methodology; for specific examples, case studies, statistics etc. for direct quotations (reproducing the writers exact words, which you put in quotation marks); for texts and electronic information which you paraphrase (re-write in your own words).
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Types of reference - Conference paper

http://referencing.port.ac.uk/ shows a multitude of different types of reference- we have come across a selection in the tutorials: b) Author, Initials. (year, month day). Title of paper. Paper presented at title of conference meeting or symposium. Retrieved month day, year, from URL of web page;

Anderson, D. (2007, November). Was the Manchester Baby conceived at Bletchley Park? Paper presented at Alan Mathison Turing 2004: A celebration of his life and achievements. Retrieved December 1st, 2008, from http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.17134 Note that Endnote asks for the conference proceeding editors
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Web article
b) Author, Initials. (year). Title. Retrieved month day, year, from Internet address. Joseph Marie Jacquard. (2008). Retrieved December 1st, 2008, from the Wikipedia website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Marie_Jacquard.

Wiki danger!!! Anyone is free to edit the Wikipedia pages, so there is potential for imbalance and bias. With reputable sites like the BBC, you know there is a responsible, high quality organisation behind the articles, so they are more trustworthy.
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Blog from the BCS

Author, Initials. (year). Title. Retrieved month day, year, from Internet address. Pollard, A. (2008). Technology? Is it child's play or am I just getting old? Retrieved December 1st , 2008, from http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConBlogEntry.763

What do you know of the British Computer Society? How are they related to your degree? Can you trust material on their site? They are the professional body for computer scientists. Our degrees are accredited by the BCS. I would generally trust material on their site (this is not a substitute for your own judgement you should always be ready to challenge material you believe to be flawed.)
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Book

Author, Initials., Author 2, Initials., & Author 3, Initials. (year). Title of book (Edition if later than first e.g. 3rd ed.). Place of publication: Publisher.

Campbell-Kelly, M., & Aspray, W.H., (2006). Computer: A History of the Information Machine (2nd ed.). Boulder: Westview.

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Journal article

Author, Initials. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume number if there is one (Issue number), start and end page numbers of article. Hirvensalo, M. (2007), Phillip Kaye, Raymond Laflamme and Michele Mosca, An Introduction to Quantum Computing, Oxford University Press (2007) ISBN 019857049X, p. xii+276 Paperback $54. Computer Science Review 1, 73-76. Note this journal is both printed and electronic.
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Research and reference

Good, thorough research is identified by good, clear, consistent referencing. Proper referencing will get you better marks.

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Get marks!

The excerpt below is from a data warehousing coursework. Your task is to write a critical analysis of the use of data warehousing for building site selection for Dean and Dyball, specifically addressing the points above. You need to set out a clear and properly-referenced discussion IN YOUR OWN WORDS, DO NOT merely repeat whole sections of the article. You will be expected to show a clear understanding of all aspects of data warehousing, and to critically deploy related concepts to support your analysis. Credit will be given for any independent research used to illustrate your arguments.

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Referencing tools

There is a referencing tool in Word 2007 this does not have all the functionality of Endnote.

ENDNOTE allows you to create a library of a wide variety of types of reference (journal, book, web, etc.) and then cite as you write in Word 2007. Endnote Web version can be used to transport references from university to home. Bibliographies are created automatically for you. If you edit your text, references are moved appropriately.

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