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Frederic H.

Martini

Fundamentals of

Anatomy & Physiology


SIXTH EDITION

Chapter 28, part 4


The Reproductive System

PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by

Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii


Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Uterine cycle
Repeating series of changes in the endometrium

Continues from menarche to menopause


Menses Degeneration of the endometrium

Menstruation
Proliferative phase Restoration of the endometrium Secretory phase Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretion
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Figure 28.20 The Uterine Cycle

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Figure 28.20

The vagina

Major functions
Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids Receives the penis during sexual intercourse

Forms the inferior portion of the birth canal

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Figure 28.21 The Histology of the Vagina

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Figure 28.21

External genitalia

Vulva

Vestibule
Labia minora and majora Paraurethral glands Clitoris Lesser and greater vestibular glands

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Figure 28.22 The Female External Genitalia

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Figure 28.22

Mammary glands

Pectoral fat pad


Nipple surrounded by the areola Function in lactation under control of reproductive hormones

PLAY

Animation: Female Reproductive System Flythrough

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Figure 28.23 The Mammary Glands

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Figure 28.23a-c

Hormones of the female reproductive cycle

Control the reproductive cycle

Coordinate the ovarian and uterine cycles

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Hormones of the female reproductive cycle


Key hormones include: FSH

Stimulates follicular development


LH Maintains structure and secretory function of corpus luteum Estrogens

Have multiple functions


Progesterones Stimulate endometrial growth and secretion
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Figure 28.25 The Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian Activity

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Figure 28.25

Figure 28.26 The Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 28.26a-c

Figure 28.26 The Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle

PLAY

Animation: Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle


Figure 28.26d-f

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SECTION 28-4 The Physiology of Sexual Intercourse

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Male sexual function


Arousal Leads to erection of the penis Parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves Emission and ejaculation Occur under sympathetic stimulation Results in semen being pushed toward external urethral opening Detumescence Subsidence of erection Mediated by the sympathetic nervous system
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Female sexual function

Stages are comparable to those of male sexual function Arousal causes clitoral erection Vaginal surfaces are moistened Parasympathetic stimulation causes engorgement of blood vessels in the nipples

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

SECTION 28-5 Aging and the Reproductive System

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Menopause

The time that ovulation and menstruation cease Typically around age 45-55

Accompanied by a decline in circulating estrogen and progesterone


Rise in GnRH, FSH, LH

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Male climacteric

Levels of circulating testosterone begin to decline

FSH and LH levels rise


Gradual reduction in sexual activity

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

You should now be familiar with:

The components of the reproductive system, and their functions

The components of the male and female reproductive systems


The processes of meiosis and gametogenesis in both sexes

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

You should now be familiar with:

The roles played by the male reproductive tract and accessory glands in the functional maturation, nourishment, storage, and transport of spermatozoa The anatomical, physiological, and hormonal aspects of the male and female reproductive cycles The physiology of sexual intercourse

Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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