EXERCISE # 5 ANIMAL CELL DIVERSITY AS TO SHAPE

OBJECTIVES 1. Recognize varied shapes of animal cells 2. Relate shape to function

Specimen
Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

SMOOTH MUSCLE
FUSIFORM CENTERED SINGLE

Stretch and still maintain contractility is important in organs like the intestines and urinary bladder.

Specimen Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

SKELETAL MUSCLE STRIATED PERIPHERY MULTINUCLEATED

Basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction

Specimen Shape:

HUMAN BLOOD SMEAR BICONCAVE

Location of Nuclei:
Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

RBC, anucleated WBC - center

RBC- anucleated WBC- one

the surface area is increased to allow more haemoglobin to be stored in the cell.

Specimen Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

FROG BLOOD SMEAR OVAL/OVOID CENTER SINGLE

to contain the nucleus that carries the genetic info needed to make new cells by replication

Specimen Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

AMOEBA SHAPELESS CENTER SINGLE

For locomotion

Specimen
Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

CHROMATOPHORE
IRREGULAR/STELLATE CENTER SINGLE

for maximum color effect

Specimen Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

OVARY OVOID/ EGG-SHAPE CENTER SINGLE

To contain the ovum

Specimen
Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

HUMAN SKIN
FLAT/ SQUAMOUS CENTER SINGLE

secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport and detection of sensation

Specimen
Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

FROG SKIN
FLAT/ SQUAMOUS CENTER SINGLE

passive diffusion of gases

Specimen Shape: Location of Nuclei:

LIVER CELL

POLYGONAL
CENTER

Abundance:
Function in relation to shape:

SINGLE

To maximize surface area due to being highly metabolically active

Specimen
Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

KIDNEY CELL
CUBOIDAL CENTER SINGLE

The cuboidal shape of the kidney cell helps in filtering blood

Specimen Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

SMALL INTESTINE CELL COLUMNAR BASAL/BASE OF THE CELL SINGLE

responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food.

Specimen Shape: Location of Nuclei:

SPINAL CORD

STELLAR
CENTER

Abundance:
Function in relation to shape:

SINGLE

signal transmission, connect to each other to form neural network

Specimen
Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

SPERM CELL
FLAGGELATED CENTER SINGLE

the head of the sperm cell, it is used to penetrate the egg, while the thin tail helps move the sperm up the uterus

Specimen
Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

TRACHEAL CELL
PYRAMIDAL CENTER SINGLE

function in secretion or absorption

Specimen
Shape: Location of Nuclei: Abundance: Function in relation to shape:

BONE
WEB-LIKE CENTER SINGLE

to create a network with each other via canaliculi which are used for exchange of nutrients and waste

EXERCISE # 6 CELL DIVISION

OBJECTIVES 1. Locate actual cell division 2. Know the parts of mitosis 3. Differentiate mitosis from amitosis

ALLIUM CEPA (MITOSIS)

INTERPHASE The material inside the nucleus is largely chromatin(C) which consists of the chromosomes stretched out so that individual chromosomes are not visible. The dark structure(I) represents the nucleolus. Interphase cells typically have one or more nucleoli.

PROPHASE. Observe the condensing chromosomes (dark regions) in the cell on the upper left in early prophase. Note the cell on the lower left with more prominent chromosomes and having lost the nuclear envelope.

METAPHASE This a very nice metaphase cell. Observe the chromosomes(Ch) at the equator of the spindle. The spindle(S) is highly visible. especially on the lower half of the cell.

ANAPHASE The cell to the left is a nice mid anaphase. If you closely compare the chromosomes with the metaphase cell, you can tell that the chromosomes are now unduplicated.

EARLY TELOPHASE The arrow is pointing to the spindle of this telophase cell. Also, there is a faint cell plate. LATE TELOPHASE Note that the cell plate goes almost all the way across the original cell and the reforming of the nuclear envelope.

CRITERIA 1. Number of daughter cell produced 2. Nuclear content

MITOSIS 2 separation of chromosomes in the cell nucleus into 2 identical sets

AMITOSIS 2 DNA molecule replicates and nucleus divides into 2

3. Nature of daughter cells

genetically identical genetically to each other and identical but to the mother cell smaller in size fast PMAT then cytokinesis slow nucleus and cytoplasm are directly cut into two

4. Rate of division 5. Cellular changes