Planning For Earthwork Construction

Planning For earthwork construction

10/11/2012

Department Of Civil Engineering

Planning For Earthwork Construction

1. Introduction 2. Planning 3. Earthwork planning 4. Mass diagram& its uses 5. Summary

Contents

10/11/2012

Department Of Civil Engineering

Planning For Earthwork Construction

Introduction
What is Planning?
The process of setting goals, developing strategies, and outlining tasks and schedules to accomplish the goals. Planning is a continuing activity that begins with the preparation of bid and continues until final project acceptance by the owner
The main objective of planning is minimize the resource expenditure required to successfully complete the project within stipulated time.

10/11/2012

Department Of Civil Engineering

Planning For Earthwork Construction

Introduction
Why should we plan for Earthwork Construction? Every construction is a unique undertaking The pace, complexity and cost of modern construction are incompatible with trial and error process as work the proceeds. With a plan established, control is established which provides feedback information for updating plan.

10/11/2012

Department Of Civil Engineering

Planning For Earthwork Construction

Planning involves
1. Operational plan: What is to be done and in what sequence 2. Scheduling: when each operation is to be performed 3. Cost estimating: Expected cost of each operation 4. Resource planning: what resources will be required for each operation

10/11/2012

Department Of Civil Engineering

Planning For Earthwork Construction

Constraints of planning
The requirements set forth in the contract should be satisfied Legal requirements must be satisfied Climatic conditions Physical (or) Environment limit of the job

10/11/2012

Department Of Civil Engineering

Planning For Earthwork Construction

Preaward planning
It takes place up to that point in time when the contractor commits to work via a contract. Extent depends on Bidding period. Amount of resources that company is willing to devote for planning a job that they may never get. The anticipated cost of not planning. The extent of competition.
10/11/2012

Department Of Civil Engineering

Planning For Earthwork Construction

Earthwork Planning
Critical attributes that must be determined in earthwork planning are 1. The quantities involved (volume , weight). 2. The haul distances. 3. The grades for all segments of the hauls.

10/11/2012

Department Of Civil Engineering

Planning For Earthwork Construction

Graphical presentation of Earthwork

Plan view: It is the view drawn looking down on proposed work and
presents horizontal alignment of features

10/11/2012

Department Of Civil Engineering

Planning For Earthwork Construction

Graphical presentation of Earthwork

Profile view: It is the cut view typically along the center line of the
work and presents vertical alignment of features

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Graphical presentation of Earthwork

Cross section view: A view formed by a plane cutting the work at
right angles

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Earthwork quantities
Volume = Cross Sectional Area X Length of Trench Area calculations: h A=1/2*b*w w Digitizing tablet Planimeter h h A=(h1+h2)/2*w Trapezoidal computations
1 2

A=(ho/2+h1+h2+h3++hn-1+hn/2)*w

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Volume by Average End Area

L A2

A1

V=(A1+A2)/2*L
Example

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Department Of Civil Engineering

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Earthwork volume calculation sheet

1 2 Station End area cut(sq.m) 3 End area fill(sq.m) 4 5 6 7 vol of vol of stripping stripping cut(m3) fill(m3) cut(m3) fill (m3)

8 total cut(m3)

9 total fill(m3)

10 11 adjusting fill algebraic (m3) sum(m3)

12 mass ordinate(m3) Example

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Department Of Civil Engineering

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Mass diagram
It is the graph drawn with distance between stations on abscissa and mass ordinate on ordinate. The diagram provides information concerning 1. Quantities of materials 2. Average haul distances 3. Types of equipment that should be considered.

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Department Of Civil Engineering

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Using the Mass diagram

Balance line: It is a horizontal line of specific length that
intersects the mass diagram at two points. Its length equals to maximum(economical) distance of a particular type of equipment.

Economical haul distances:

S.No 01 02 03 10/11/2012 Machine type Large dozers , pushing material Push-loaded scrapers Trucks Economical haul distance(m)

90
90-1500 >1500

Department Of Civil Engineering

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Balance lines

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Calculating of Haul Distance

Graphical method :A line drawn parallel to balance line at the centroid of the area enclosed between balance line and mass diagram curve.
Diagram

Analytical method :ratio of area enclosed between balance line and mass diagram curve to the amount of material hauled.

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Average grade
Average grade(%) = Change in elevation
Average haul distance x100

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

Summary
Goal: To use resources efficiently for successful completion of project . Critical learning objectives are: Ability to Calculate earthwork volume Adjust quantities for stripping volume Construct earthwork calculation sheet Construct and understanding of the mass diagram

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Planning For Earthwork Construction

References
Construction Planning, Equipment, and methods by Robert L. Peurifoy and Clifford J. Schexnayder Google images Wikipedia

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