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Chapter 2 Objectives
Discuss how the Internet works Understand ways to access the Internet Identify a URL Know how to search for information on the Web Describe the types of Web pages Define Webcasting Describe the uses of electronic commerce (e-commerce) Identify the tools required for Web publishing
Explain how e-mail, FTP, newsgroups and message boards, mailing lists, chat rooms and instant messaging work
p. 2. 2
Recognize how Web pages use graphics, animation,audio, video, and virtual reality
The Internet
What is a network?
A collection of computers and devices connected together via communication devices and media Modems Cables Telephone lines Satellites
p. 2.2
The Internet
What is the Internet?
Also called the Net A worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
p. 2.2
The Internet
What are some of the services found on the Internet? instant messaging
e-mail Web message board
chat
file transfer
p. 2.3
University of Utah
p. 2.4
NSFnet
ARPANET
The Internet
p. 2.4
Telephone companies
Cable companies
Satellite companies
p. 2.4
Government
Internet-related research
and development project
Technology Trailblazer
Tim Berners-Lee
Created the World Wide Web Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at MIT
A business that has a permanent Internet connection Provides temporary connections to individuals and companies for free or for a fee
Regional ISP Provides access to the Internet through one or more telephone numbers local to a specific geographic location National ISP Provides local telephone numbers in most major cities and towns nationwide May also provide a toll-free number
p. 2.5
p. 2.5
Select a service provider with at least one local POP telephone number
Supplies Internet
access
Company that
provides wireless Internet access
Worlds leading online service provider Services include electronic mail, software, computer support services, Internet access Founded in 1985 by Stephen M. Case
2 1 3
local call
long-distance call
local call
local call
Dial-up access
Home or small business Computer , modem, regular telephone line Dial into an ISP or OSP
regular copper telephone line Cable modem- provides connection through cable television network
Computer that
manages the resources on a network Provides a centralized storage area for resources such as programs and data Also called a host computer
Click to view Web Link then click Backbone p. 2.6
Client
Computer that
can access the contents of the storage area on the server
Regional ISP
3:
4: 5: 6: 7: 8:
Step 5
Local ISP
Step 6
Internet backbone
Step 8 Step 7
National ISP
Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet Four groups of numbers, each separated by a period Number in each group is between 0 and 255
IP address
first part identifies network
p. 2.8 Fig. 2-4
199.95.72.10
last part identifies specific computer
199.95.72.10 www.scsite.com
identifies top-level domain
DNS server
p. 2. 8
p. 2.9
How can you establish a connection and start the Web 1 Double-click browser? an Step 2
icon on the desktop, such as 2 Internet Explorer, If you are not connected to to start your the Internet browser.already, 3 Connection to the your computer Internet occurs attempts to and a home page establish a displays. Shown a connection with here is an AOL service provider. home page. Your If necessary, click home page may the Connect vary. button. Internet Explorer icon
Step 3
p. 2.10
p. 2. 11
You can speed up the display of pages by turning off the graphics and displaying only text in most Web browsers
Use a special type of browser designed for their small screens Microbrowser software program that accesses and displays Web pages that contain mostly text Also called a minibrowser
p. 2.12
pointer
p. 2.12 Fig. 2-9
p. 2.12
Unique address for a Web page Browser retrieves a Web page by using the URL Also called a Web address Type the URL into the address text box on the browser and press the Enter key to display a Web page
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html
Click to view Web Link then click URLs p. 2.13 Fig. 2-10
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html
A software program you can use to find Web sites, Web pages and Internet files
Search text
A word or phrase entered in the search engines text box Also called keywords Spider A program that reads pages on Web sites in order to find Web pages that contain the search text Also called a crawler or bot
363 hits
hit
An organized set of topics Used by a search engine to aid in locating Web sites Each major topic has related subtopics
p. 2.16
Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,or idea Purpose is to convince the reader of the validity of the cause, opinion, or idea
Contains content that promotes or sells products or services Often allow you to purchase products or services online
Contains newsworthy material Stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather
Often called a portal Offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location
e-mail
sports and weather instant messaging reference tools shopping malls and auctions chat rooms calendars newsgroups or message boards
p. 2. 17
chat room
A portal specifically designed for Web-enabled handheld computers and devices Attempt to provide all information a wireless user might require Services include search engines, news ,stock quotes, weather, maps, e-mail, calendar, instant messaging, and shopping
p. 2.17
A Web page maintained by a private individual who normally is not associated with any organization Reasons: job hunting, sharing life experience with the world
audio graphics
p. 2.18
video
Also called a graphical image A digital representation of information such as a drawing, chart, or photograph First media used to enhance textbased Internet
Also uses compression techniques to reduce file sizes Works best for images with only a few distinct colors, such as line drawings, single-color borders, and simple cartoons
p. 2.19
Graphical image that uses compression techniques to reduce the file size Smaller sizes result in faster downloading of Web page The more compressed the file, the smaller the file, but the lower the quality
A small version of a larger graphical image Used because graphics files can be time consuming to display Usually click thumbnail to display the fullsized image
p. 2.19
The appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in rapid sequence Can make Web pages more visually interesting or draw attention to important information or links Animated GIF uses computer animation and graphics software to combine several images into a single GIF file
* * * *
p. 2.19
music
speech
other sound
p. 2.20
Click icon to hear audio clip. Press the Esc key to cancel.
A popular technology that compresses audio Reduces an audio file to about one-tenth of its original size while preserving the original quality of the sound MP3 file are easily copied from the Web Controversy with respect to copyright infringement
video
p. 2.22
Web cam
p. 2.22
The use of computers to simulate a real or imaged environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3D) space VR world a 3D site that contains infinite space and depth Used for games as well as many practical applications
Electronic Commerce
What is electronic commerce?
Also known as e-commerce A financial business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet
Electronic Commerce
What are the three types of e-commerce?
Business to consumer (B-to-C or b2C) Sale of goods to the general public Consumer to consumer (C-to-C or C2C) One consumer sells directly to another
Electronic Commerce
What are some features of e-commerce?
Technology Trailblazer
Masayoshi Son
Helped to bring Japan to the forefront of the digital age Founded Softbank Corporation in 1981
Web Publishing
Step 1 Step 2
Step 4
Step 3
1 Plan: Think about issues that could affect the design of the 2 Analyze and Design: Sketch a Web site. design of the Web page on 3 paper. Create the Web site in Create: a software package such as 4 word processing. Deploy: Copy (upload) the Web site from your hard disk 5 to a Web server. revise your Maintain: Visit and Web site regularly to be sure it is working and current.
p. 2.26 Fig. 2-24
Step 5
Web Publishing
What is needed for creating Web page?
Scanner
Sound card Microphone
PC camera
p. 2.28
Web Publishing
What is a plug-in?
An additional program that extends the capability of a browser Many plug-ins can be downloaded at no cost from the Web
Click to view Web Link then click Plug-ins p. 2.28 Fig. 2-25
Web Publishing
How do you deploy a Web site?
Locate a Web server to store your site Provided by many
ISPs and OSPs at no additional cost Provided by a Web hosting service for a monthly fee
Click to view Web Link then click Web Publishing p. 2.29
Web Publishing
What else might be needed to create a Web site?
Webmaster
Click to view Web Link then click Submission Services p. 2.29
Individual responsible for maintaining a Web site and developing Web pages
Electronic mail The transmission of messages and files via a computer network Use an e-mail program to work with messages Messages can be simple text or include an attachment such as a graphical image or word processing document
create send forward store print delete
receive
Step 2
Step 3
Step 5
A combination of a user name and a domain name that identifies a user so he or she can receive Internet e-mail
at
domain name
Identifies the mail server
Most ISPs and OSPs provide an Internet e-mail program and a mailbox on a mail server as a standard part of their Internet access services Some Web sites provide e-mail services free of charge
address book mail server
The server that contains the mailboxes
mailbox
Storage location usually residing on the computer that connects you to the Internet
p. 2.33
Step 1
Step 2 Step 5
Step 4
Step 3
mail server
POP server
File Transfer Protocol An Internet standard allows you to upload and download fines with other computers on the Internet
FTP site
A collection of files that reside on an FTP server
anonymous FTP
Anyone can transfer some, if not all, available files
p. 2.33
Usenet
The entire collection of Internet newsgroups
p. 2.33
News server
A computer that stores and distributes newsgroup messages
post
To add an article to a news group
thread
Also called threaded discussion
p. 2.33
Click to view Web Link then click Message Boards p. 2.34 Fig. 2-30
A real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer Real-time means that you and the
people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat
Click to view Web Link then click Chat Rooms p. 2.35 Fig. 2-32
Technology Trailblazer
Lavonne Luquis
Journalist Started LatinoLink, the first general interest Web magazine for Latinos Now known as Latino.com More that 280,000 visitors each month
Click to view Web Link then click Instant Messaging p. 2.36 Fig. 2-33
Karens message immediately displays on Katys computer screen because she is online
Netiquette
e-mail groups and Treat InRead the Rule: chat rooms: Golden FAQ (frequently asked questions) Use emoticonsor posting flames Avoid sending spam Keep messagesto express abbreviations brief others as youfor phrases emotion user name for your Use your such as Proper spellinginsulting Abusive junk mail Internet or and personal use them to would likeonly grammar BTW by the : )messages way Smile Be polite Unsolicited message sent to Do not assume material is treat Frown your information Do (many for FYI you. : not participate inat once recipients flame wars
accurate or up to date Avoid offensive language Indifference FWIW for what its worth : lExchanges of flames Never read someones private Do not use all capital letters which is the Undecided of SHOUTING! e-mail IMHO in my :\ equivalent humble opinion Clearly identify a spoiler TTFN ta ta for :o Surprised now Message that reveals a solution TYVM thank you very much to a game or ending to a movie or program
The Internet History of the Internet How the Internet works The World Wide Web Electronic commerce Web publishing Other Internet services Netiquette
Chapter 2 Complete