2.

5 Network Service
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Network Service

Network services are the foundation of a networked computing environment. Generally network services are installed on one or more servers to provide shared resources to client computers. Network services are configured on corporate LANs to ensure security 8/29/12 user friendly operation. and

2.5. 1

Domain Name Service (DNS)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participants.
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An often-used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the "phone book" for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, www.example.com translates to 192.0.32.10.
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Domain Name Service (DNS) continued.....

The Domain Name System makes it

Internet domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses such as 208.77.188.166 (IPv4) or 2001:db8::1f70:6e8 (IPv6). People take advantage of this when they recite meaningful URLs and e-mail addresses without having to know how the machine will actually locate them.

Domain Name Service (DNS) continued.....

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2.5. 2

Ping command, a browser and nslookup

ping command

Ping is a computer network administration utility used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for packets sent from the local host to a destination computer, including the local host's own interfaces. operates by sending

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Ping command, a browser and nslookup

ping command

sample of ping command:

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Ping command, a browser and nslookup

browser

A network browser is a tool used to browse a computer network. An example of this is My Network Places (or Network Neighborhood in earlier versions of Microsoft Windows).

An actual program called 8/29/12 Network Browser is offered in Mac OS 9.

Ping command, a browser and nslookup

nslookup

nslookup is a computer program used in Windows and Unix to query Domain Name System (DNS) servers to find DNS details, including IP addresses of a particular computer, MX records for a domain and the NS servers of a domain.

The name nslookup means "name 8/29/12 server lookup".

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nslookup

.... More modern alternatives to nslookup are the "host" and "dig" programs which also ship with BIND, all of which look up nameserver information in /etc/resolv.conf. nslookup can warn you that you're looking at cached information (which host does not do), so it remains useful for this reason. nslookup has the subcommands:

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Ping command, a browser and nslookup continued...

nslookup

Sample of nslookup:

....

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2.5. 3

DNS in LAN

Corporate LANs use network services such as DNS to give names to IP and MAC addresses and DHCP to ensure that everyone on the network has a valid IP address. For example, names like nm.lan is better than numbers like 210.121.67.18,
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2.5. 4

Relationship between Web Clients and Server

A web server is a computer program that delivers (serves) content, such as web pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), over the World Wide Web. The term web server can also refer to the computer or virtual machine running the program. The primary function of a web server is to 8/29/12 deliver web pages to clients.

This means delivery of HTML documents and any additional content that may be included by a document, such as images, style sheets and JavaScripts.

Relationship between continued.. Web Clients and Server ....

A client, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates communication by making a request for a specific resource using HTTP and the server responds with the content of that resource, or an error message if unable to do so The resource 8/29/12 is typically a real file on the server's

2.5. 5

Relationship between FTP Clients and Server

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File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard

Relationship between FTP Clients and Server (2)

A client makes a connection to the server on TCP port 21.

This connection, called the control connection, remains open for the duration of the session, with a second connection, called the data connection, on port 20 opened as required to transfer file data.
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Relationship between FTP Clients and Server (3)

The server responds on the control connection with three digit status codes in ASCII with an optional text message, for example "200" (or "200 OK.") means that the last command was successful. The numbers represent the code number and the optional text represent A file transfer in progress over the data connection can be aborted using an interrupt message sent over the control connection.
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2.5. 6

Email Protocol in client and server

SMTP POP3 IMAP4

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Email Protocol in client and server SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (email) transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks. SMTP was first defined in RFC 821 and last updated by RFC 5321 which includes the extended SMTP (ESMTP) additions, and is the protocol in widespread use today. SMTP is specified for outgoing mail transport and uses TCP port 25.

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Email Protocol in client and server SMTP

continued.. ...

While electronic mail servers and other mail transfer agents use SMTP to send and receive mail messages, user-level client mail applications typically only use SMTP for sending messages to a mail server for relaying.

For receiving messages, client applications usually use either the Post Office Protocol (POP) or the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) or a proprietary system (such as Microsoft 8/29/12

Email Protocol in client and server POP3

The Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection. POP and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) are the two most prevalent Internet standard protocols for e-mail retrieval.

Virtually all modern e-mail clients and 8/29/12 servers support both.

Email Protocol in client and server POP3

continued.. ...

The POP protocol has been developed through several versions, with version 3 (POP3) being the current standard. POP3 is used for most mail clients such as gmail and yahoo.

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Email Protocol in client and server IMAP4

The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is one of the two most prevalent Internet standard protocols for e-mail retrieval, the other being the Post Office Protocol (POP). Virtually all modern e-mail clients and mail servers support both protocols as a means of transferring e-mail messages from a server

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