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  • Henry VIII and His Wives

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    Andreea Pop
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    11 vistas2 páginas

    Henry VIII and His Wives

    Cargado por

    Andreea Pop

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como DOCX, PDF, TXT o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    de 2

    Henry VIII and his wives

    Henry VIII was the first English King of Ireland and the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty,
    succeeding his father, Henry VII.

    Besides his six marriages and many affairs, as well as his effort to obtain an annulment of his
    marriage to Catherine of Aragon which led to conflict with the Pope, Henry is known for his
    subsequent role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. His
    disagreements with the Pope led to his separation of the Church of England from papal authority.
    Henry is known for his radical changes to the English Constitution, ushering in the theory of the
    divine right of kings to England. Besides ruling with considerable power, he was also an author and
    composer. In his book ,,Assertio septem sacramentorum adversus Martinum Lutherum” (1521), he
    attacked Luther and had expressed a profound devotion to the papacy and had been rewarded
    with the title of Defender of the Faith. Then, he had turned against the pope. His act was equal to
    encouraging the Protestant Reformation.

    His six wives were, successively:

    -Catherine of Aragon (the mother of the future queen Mary I),

    -Anne Boleyn (the mother of the future queen Elizabeth I),

    -Jane Seymour (the mother of Henry’s successor, Edward VI),

    -Anne of Cleves,

    -Catherine Howard,

    -Catherine Parr.

    Thomas Wolsey was a cardinal and statesman, Henry VIII's lord chancellor and one of the last
    churchmen to play a dominant role in English political life. Henry VIII delegated more and more state
    business to him, including near-complete control of England's foreign policy. Wolsey's finest hour
    was arranging the Field of the Cloth of Gold. He also founded Cardinal College at Oxford. Henry
    desperately wanted a son and argued that his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, with whom he had a
    daughter, was not lawful. He asked Wolsey to use his influence in Rome to get a papal annulment
    of Henry's marriage so that he could remarry.Wolsey was unable to accomplish this, partly because
    Catherine's nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, dominated the pope at the time. Wolsey's
    failure to arrange an annulment for Henry was quickly followed by his downfall. Wolsey was arrested
    near York and accused of treason. He died on his journey south to face trial.

    Thomas More was an English lawyer, author, statesman and Renaissance humanist. He was also a
    councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England.He opposed the Protestant
    Reformation. Also, he opposed the King's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to
    acknowledge Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England and the annulment of his marriage to
    Catherine of Aragon. After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy, he was convicted of treason and
    beheaded. He was canonized by the Catholic Church as a saint.He also wrote Utopia, a book about
    the political system of an imaginary ideal island nation.
    Thomas Cromwell was a member of the House of Commons, and was also elected as a member of
    Gray’s Inn and entered the service of Cardinal Wolsey. He served Wolsey as his lawyer and was
    heavily involved in the dissolution of nearly thirty monasteries, which raised the funds to found The
    King’s School, Ipswich and Cardinal College, Oxford. When Wolsey fell from power, he was appointed
    to the Privy Council. In 1536 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon, and in
    1540 he became Earl of Essex. His support for the disastrous marriage to Anne of Cleves led to his
    abrupt downfall in the same year, followed by his execution and his head on a pike on London
    Bridge.

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