1.

Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of compound X.

(a) Compound X is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. What is the meaning of unsaturated hydrocarbon? [2 marks] (b) State the homologous series for compound X. [1 mark] (c) Name the compound X. [1 mark] (d) At 180oC and in the presence of nickel as catalyst, compound X can be changed into saturated hydrocarbon compound. (i) Name the reaction. [1 mark] (ii) Draw the structural formula for the compound formed. [1 mark] (e) Compound X burns completely in excess oxygen. (i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of X. [2 marks] (ii) 2.1 g of compound X undergoes complete combustion at room conditions. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released. [1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions; Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12] [2 marks]

2. (a) A hydrocarbon M, consists of 85.7% of carbon and X% of hydrogen by mass. The relative molecular mass of M is 56. [Relative atomic mass: C = 12; H = 1]. (i) What is the value of X. [1 mark] (ii) Determine the empirical formula and molecular formula of hydrocarbon X. [5 marks] (iii) Draw the structural of the two isomers of hydrocarbon M. Write the names for each isomer [4 marks] (iv) Compound M burns with sootier flames as compared to butane.Explain and prove. [3 marks] (b) Natural rubber is a natural polymer. (i) Give another two examples of natural polymer. [2 marks] (ii) Name and draw the structural formula of the monomer of natural rubber. [2 marks] (c) The tyres of aircrafts are made from vulcanised rubber. (i) What is vulcanised rubber? [1 marks] (ii) Explain why vulcanised rubber is more elastic than unvulcanised rubber. [2 marks]

3. Diagram 2 shows a series of reactions. Compound P with the molecular formula C2H6O, can be prepared through fermentation of glucose solution.

(a) Name the compound P. [1 mark] (b) State the functional group of compound P. [1 mark] (c) In the reaction I, compound Q is produced when an acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution is added into a test tube containing compound P. (i) Name the reaction I. [1 mark] (ii) State one observation for this reaction. [1 mark] (iii) Draw the structural formula of compound Q. [1 mark] (d) In the reaction II, compound R is formed when compound P reacts with compound Q in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid. (i) Name the reaction II. [1 mark] (ii) Name the compound R. [1 mark] (iii) Give one special physical property of compound R. [1 mark] (iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction II. [2 marks]

4. Table 8 shows the result of two sets of experiment to investigate the coagulation of latex.

(i) (ii) (iii)

Suggest one possible substance for solution X. and Y. [2 marks] Explain the process of coagulation of latex in set I. [4 marks] Explain why latex does not coagulate in set II. [4 marks]