3rd Moment:

Moment of relation. Inference: finality without end; purposiveness without purpose. Transcendental grounds: the necessary conditions for possible experience that supports something. Then we can say that the grounds are universal. Universality of aesthetic judgment is in the subject itself. Necessity is in the mind. Synonyms of end: goal, purpose, telos (Greek word). Purposive: directed towards some end, goal, or purpose. Teleology: study of ends Goal of 3rd Moment: beauty is grounded in the objects form (or design, structure) as purposive. The actual end, goal, or purpose cant be found but the actual end, goal, or purpose towards which the object seems to be aimed can not be given. End: the object of a concept in so far as this concept is regarded as the cause of the object (the real ground of its possibility); in so far: you are going to strive for the object of a concept; the concept is the cause of some object. Purpose, end, or goal is the product of some action. This action is, for example, the building of a house. You have a goal of building a house. You cant just take random actions in building it; we need order which is given by the concept. The product of the action is guided by the concept, which is the cause of the house. The process is that: A==B, B==C, A==C, where A=concept, B=product of the action, and C=purpose, end, goal. There are 4 kinds of causes according to Aristotle: 1. Material; out of which something is made

2. Formal: what it is to be; the idea/concept prior to things being made; even before it is made, you know how it will look like. 3. Efficient: what produces it; the agent that causes the object to emerge. 4. Final: the purpose of the object. Attribution of purposiveness to some object is to describe its causal history, or the process of which it is produced. If an object is complex, you cant find its purposiveness because it is too hard to figure out. Ex: Time machine is left in the past for Brutus, but Brutus doesnt know how to use it because it is so complex. The time machine has purposiveness without purpose. Derrida is a French writer and deconstructionist. Derrida points out that Kant painted a tulip. When we think of tulips, we immediately think of Poland and the Netherlands. The tulips are home of Turkey. Tulips are a kind of wild flower and it has freedom. The tulip is purposive; everything about it seems finalized as if to correspond to design. But there is something missing: the purpose, goal, or end towards which it is to be aimed. Regulative Judgment: reflective judgment; heuristic= helps guide you through inquiry, or the study of something; it is the as if. Constitutive Judgment: has objective necessity. Form is structural qualities. Sans is the French word for without; sang is the French word for blood. Cut: something is separated; the purposiveness is separated by a cut from the purpose. Beauty in aesthetic judgment is located in the pure cut of the without. Counter example: If you cut your finger partially, it is not a pure cut because you can reattach it. It is pansable= bandagable; which is homophonic (same sound) with pensable=thinkable. The

cut is bandagable if you can fix it, and then it is subsumable under some concept (determinative judgment, not reflective judgment, so it is no longer an aesthetic judgment). If it is pansable, then it is pensable. Beauty is neither in the form as purposive nor in the lack of the purpose because then it is pensable thinking. Therefore, beauty is in the without, the cut. The cut is the space of non-meaning. Beauty is therefore without meaning, you can never explain it, and there is no science of the beautiful only a critique of the beautiful. Science= to know. The cut is a trace: it keeps them separated but also tied together; binarism: you cant define one without the other (ex: night and day). You must get rid of the science to see beauty. If you are just a mind and have free play of faculties, you can see beauty; it is subjective but not personal. Lyotard: said pleasure is separated into usual and tasting beauty. Usual Beauty: when you get something you wanted but didnt have, you get pleasure. Tasting Beauty: it is aesthetic; pleasure comes as a surprise; pure positivity and swelling (does not follow the lack-fulfillment pattern). Parergon: adjunct, augments, ornamentation, finery, inessential describe parergon; it is the frame of the artwork. It is secondary or extra in a work of art. Ergon: intrinsic, constituent, essential; it is primary and required in a work of art. Deconstruction: it is not something you do; you take what is extra and show how the order of the supplementarity/ subordination can be switched so the essential becomes inessential and the inessential the essential. To put a frame on something (inframe) or to

sign something will make it art. Without a frame (parergon) there is no art. The frame marks out a space for contemplation. There are 3 types of frames: 1. actual frame 2. art theory 3. philosophy/ aesthetics 2 models of philosophy

1. Socrates 2. Derrida

4th Moment:
Moment of Modality Modality consists of 3 modes: 1. necessity 2. possibility 3. actuality 2 kinds of necessity: 1. objective: math, science, Pythagorean Theorem; truth exists outside of us; explicit rules to prove something. 2. subjective: dont know a priori that people will find pleasure in an object; exemplary= can only show by examples (do as I do); it is normative (ought or should). Common sense is the principle that grounds the subjective necessity; it is not a rule; it is a sense of attunement. 2 types of common sense:

1. Zeitgeist: Zeit=time; geist=spirit; the spirit of the time; not what Kant means by common sense. 2. Modern meaning of common sense is not what Kant means by common sense. Aristotle believed that we must have an overarching sense (a clearing house) in which all the senses become attuned to each other. This attunement serves as the example by which people judge objects.

Deleuze:
Deleuze wrote a book with another man names Guattari. They both lived in Paris. Deleuze was a chronic smoker and he jumped out of a window and committed suicide. A Thousand Plateaus and Anti-Oedipus are two series of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. In May 1968 in France, the blue class revolted and took over the country and overthrew the government (revolution only lasted 1 month). The people then believed that capitalism created schizophrenia. Plateau: can be read in any order which is different from the structure of the Apology which can only be read in one way. Gregory Bateson: said we must hold intensity; said there was a double bind for the structure of plateaus. 1. demand for stability 2. maintenance of intensity 3 types of books according to Deleuze: 1. root book 2. radicle/ fascicular root 3. rhizome

6 principles of weed with their corresponding principles:

1. connection vs. division 2. heterogeneity vs. homogeneity 3. multiplicity vs. unity/essence 4. asignifying rupture vs. identity 5. cartography vs. tracing 6. decalcomania vs. labelism Double identity: 1. scientific hierarchy 2. sameness in the concepts created by trees Trees have 4 qualities:

1. identity and thought 2. analogy and judgment 3. opposition 4. resemblance Topology: branch of math that attempts to define entities for their potentials to become; not defined by its length and width; there is no cutting and gluing, only stretching and folding. Connectivity must be preserved in topology. Hegel: dialectic: there is a triangular way of making history and art rational. Thesis and Anti-thesis make the base of triangle while synthesis makes the tip. Consistency has 2 definitions: 1. logical: each thing follows the other 2. jazz: all individual instruments maintain its own harmony

Species: result of spatial temporal material processes; not a general category but is singular and totally unique; only difference is in the space and time it takes up.

Darwins theory of natural selection: a filtering system that shapes the body Moment of speciation: the moment in which a new species is born; occurs from division, such as a flood or continental drift. 3 types (reproductively isolated): 1. Humans vs. apes 2. Horses vs. donkeys 3. plants

Striated: I am this identity; you treat me as that identity. There is a demand that we identify ourselves as something, ex: I am a doctor/ engineer/ etc.

Every culture has 2 monsters: 1. terrorists 2. pedophile