Experiment O01 Chemical properties of alkenes

Chemicals: Cyclohexene (with teat pipette), (~5 cm3) Bromine dissolved in 1,1,1-trichloroethane (with teat pipette), (10 drops) Bromine water (with teat pipette), (5 drops) Dilute sulphuric acid, 1M H2SO4 (1 cm3) 0.01 M KMnO4, (5-6 drops) Concentrated sulphuric acid, (1 cm3) Apparatus: Hard glass watch glass, Bunsen burner, Long wood splints, 1 dry test-tube covered in aluminium foil, 5 dry test-tubes with corks to fit, Test-tube rack, Bench protection sheet, Lamp with 100 watt bulb, Safety spectacles, Protective gloves. Aim: The purpose of this experiment is to test the reactivity of the alkenes by carrying out some test-tube reactions on cyclohexene. Introduction: You will be using cyclohexene because it is one of the cheapest liquid alkenes. It has virtually the same reactions as hexene and is similar to other alkenes. Hazard warning: Bromine is dangerously toxic and corrosive, especially in its liquid state. Solutions, such as those used in this experiment, must also be treated with care. Therefore you MUST: Do the experiment in a fume cupboard. Keep the top on the bottle as much as possible. Wear gloves and safety spectacles. Cyclohexene is very flammable. Therefore you MUST: Keep the top on the bottle as much as possible. Keep the bottle away from flames. Wear safety spectacles.

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Experiment O01 Chemical properties of alkenes

Procedure: A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Combustion Place your watch glass on a bench protection sheet in the fume cupboard. Put on safety spectacles and make sure the extractor in the fume cupboard is witched on. Using a teat pipette, place 3-4 drops of cyclohexene on the watch glass. Stopper and remove the bottle of cyclohexene to a safe place away from the watch glass and any Bunsen flames. Pull down the front of the fume cupboard leaving a 30 cm opening. Light a long splint and use this to light the cyclohexene. Lower the front of the fume cupboard to a 10 cm opening. Write down, in Results Table : (a) the colour of the flame, (b) whether you can see any soot produced.

B. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Reaction of bromine(dissolved in 1,1,1-trichloroethane) Place the test-tube covered with aluminium foil in a rack in the fume cupboard. Put an uncovered tube alongside. Put on safety spectacles and gloves. Using a teat pipette, place approximately 2 cm3 of cyclohexene in each test-tube. Stopper the cyclohexene and remove it to a safe place away from flames. Pull down the front of the fume cupboard leaving a 30 cm opening. Using a teat pipette, place in each tube five drops of a solution of bromine in 1,1,1trichloroethane. Stopper the bromine bottle. Shine the lamp on both test-tubes for about 3 minutes. Note the test and write down the result in your Results Table. Note the appearance of the contents of the clear test-tube. appearance.

10. Pour the contents of the test-tube covered with aluminium foil into a clean test-tube. Note its

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Experiment O01 Chemical properties of alkenes

C. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Reaction of bromine water Place a clean test-tube in a rack in the fume cupboard. Put on safety spectacles and gloves. Using a teat pipette, place approximately 1 cm3 of cyclohexene in the test-tube. Stopper the bottle of cyclohexene and remove it to a safe place away from the flame. Pull down the front of the fume cupboard leaving a 30 cm opening. Using a teat pipette, place 5 drops of bromine water in the test-tube. Stopper the bottle of bromine water. Cork and shake the test-tube. Note the appearance of the reaction mixture. Write down the result in your Results Table.

D. Reaction of acidified potassium permanganate 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Place a test-tube in a rack in the fume cupboard. Using a teat pipette, place 3-4 drops of cyclohexene in the test-tube. Stopper and remove the bottle of cyclohexene to a safe place, away from flames. Pour into the test-tube approximately 1 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid. Shake the mixture. Pour into the test-tube 5-6 drops of potassium permanganate solution and shake the mixture. Note the appearance of the reaction mixture.

E. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Reaction of concentrated sulphuric acid Place a test-tube in a rack in the fume cupboard. Pour into the test-tube approximately 1 cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid. Pour into the test-tube approximately 1 cm3 of cyclohexene. Stopper and remove the bottle of cyclohexene to a safe place, away from flames. Note whether the substances mix or form two separate layers.

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Experiment O01 Chemical properties of alkenes

Name: Seat No.: Date: Grade: Results Table (Reaction of cyclohexenes) Reaction Combustion A Appearance of flame: Sootiness: B Action of bromine (in1,1,1-trichloroethane) In dark: 2. In light: 1. 2. 1. 1. 2. Observations

Action of bromine water:

Action of acidified potassium permanganate:

Action of conc. H2SO4:

Questions 1. Would you expect ethene to be more or less reactive than ethane? Why?

2.

Why do you think alkenes produce a sootier flame than alkanes?

3.

Which test(s) could be used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes?

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