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ANTCI, 2005

ANTCI, 2005

All climate scientists agree that: 1) Earths average surface temperature has warmed by 0.7C since 1900, a conclusion based on direct measurements. 2) concentrations of CO2, CH4, N2O, and other greenhouse gases have built up over the last 100 years due to human activities. The issue at the heart of the greenhouse debate is not whether rising greenhouse gas levels have contributed to the warming, but rather the magnitude of the amplification of the warming by various feedbacks.

Lefer 3 i. basics

Weather Shorter-term fluctuations Current atmospheric conditions (e.g., temp, press, ws, wdir, rainfall, etc.) Hours, Days, Weeks Specific location for specific time

Climate Longer-Term Changes Broad composite of average (or mean) condition of a region (e.g., temp, rain, snowfall, ice cover, winds) Years (and longer), Typically 30 yr ave. Mean state of a specific region (e.g., continent, ocean, or entire planet)

Lefer 4 i. basics

Lefer 5 i. basics

globalwarmingart.com

Lefer 6 i. basics

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 7 i. basics

Lefer 8 i. basics

Ruddiman, 2008

At Steady-State Input = Output Residence time = Reservoir size / Flux rate in (or out)

Ruddiman, 2008

8.3 Pg C 2011

Lefer 10b i. basics

GLOBE, 2007

Lefer 9 i. basics

http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/4/48/Carbon_Dioxide_Residence_Time.png

Lefer 10 i. basics

http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/4/48/Carbon_Dioxide_Residence_Time.png

Lefer 11 i. basics

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 12 i. basics

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 13 i. basics

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 14 i. basics

Source: NASA

Lefer 15 i. basics

Source: NASA

Lefer 16 i. basics

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 17 i. basics

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 18 ii. past climates

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 19 ii. past climates

GlobalWarming Art (t), Ruddiman, 2008 (b)

Lefer 20 ii. past climates

Twickler GISP2 SMO (1994)

Lefer 20 ii. past climates

EPICA (2004)

Lefer 21 ii. past climates

GlobalWarmingArt.com

Lefer 23 iii. natural & anthro cc

Lefer 24 iii. natural & anthro cc

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 25 iii. natural & anthro cc

GlobalWarmingArt

Lefer 26 iii. natural & anthro cc

NASA GISS

Lefer 27 iii. natural & anthro cc

NASA GISS

Lefer 28 iii. natural & anthro cc

NASA GISS

Lefer 29 iii. natural & anthro cc

Ruddiman, 2001

Lefer 31 iii. natural & anthro cc

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 32 iii. natural & anthro cc

http://www.globalwarmingart.com/

(<0.07 C)

Lefer 33 iii. natural & anthro cc

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 34 iii. natural & anthro cc

Science, 2010

Period
25 50 100 150

Years /decade

0.1770.052 0.1280.026 0.0740.018 0.0450.012

Rate

Lefer 35 iv. future cc

Kevin Trenberth, 2008

Lefer 36

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 37 iv. future cc

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 38 iv. future cc

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 39 iv. future cc

Ruddiman, 2008

Lefer 40 iv. future cc

Science, 2010

Lefer 41 iv. future cc

http://www.globalwarmingart.com/

Lefer42 iv. future cc

IPCC, 2007

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