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for comprehending what is being read. Reading fluency training is vital for strengthening a student's comprehension skills. Children should have ample practice reading material that is not difficult for them to decode. This level of difficulty is referred to as the "independent reading level." Frequent reading of material at a child's independent reading level builds automatic word recognition and frees up a child's mental abilities for comprehension. Background Knowledge Comprehension depends heavily on a student's knowledge of the world. Therefore, the skill of reading comprehension begins to develop long before children enter school. Children who have more experiences of all types, have more background knowledge upon which to base their understanding of written material. Parents help their child develop reading skills when they visit the museum, the park and even the store. Parents and teachers should also read to students in order to help them create a stockpile of information that will facilitate reading comprehension. The best reading instruction teaches a student to access background knowledge while reading. Vocabulary Comprehension depends on having a large vocabulary. Children who read widely learn word meanings at a faster rate than children whose reading is more limited either in scope or quantity. During their school years, children should be learning several thousand new words per year. Most of these words are learned by reading. Written Expression Reading and writing are two sides of the same coin. Effective reading instruction must include training in expressing one's thoughts in writing. Children should be given daily practice in organizing and expressing their knowledge through writing. This builds their ability to decode and comprehend the thoughts of other writers. The key to helping students who experience difficulty in learning to read is to identify a student's specific reading problems and to devise programs which capitalize upon a student's unique learning strengths. A curriculum that focuses on specific, appropriate, and practical learning strategies will best help students become proficient, efficient and independent readers. An appropriate literacy goal for all students should be that each student is fully able to use reading as a springboard for independent, critical thought and expression. Reading fuels the highest levels of the thinking process. Good readers are armed with tools to become strong thinkers.