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bed level Average bed level Bottom level of weir/check dam Maximum flood level Height of check dam Top width of weir Density of concrete Density of water Afflux Retrogression Acceleration due to gravity DESIGN 1 Discharge per unit width 2 Average depth of flow 3 Velocity of flow 4 Velocity head 5 Crest level 6 Downstream total energy line 7 Downstream water level 8 Upstream total energy line 9 Upstream water level 10 Depth of flow over weir 11 Drowning ratio q d v hd Crl D/s TEL DWL U/s TEL UWL H DR = Qa/L = MFL-Bla = q/d = v2/2g = BLW+Ht = MFL+hd =D/s TEL-hd-ret = D/s TEL+afx =U/s TEL-hd = UWL-Crl =(DWL-Crl)/(UWL-Crl) = = = = = = = = = = = 7.862 m3/sec/m 6.229 m 1.262 m/sec 0.081 m 11.5 m 15.481 m 15.2 m 15.781 m 15.7 m 4.2 m 0.881 Qa s L BLd BLa BLW MFL Ht a dc dw afx ret g 1 in 2000 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1022 m3/sec 0.0005 130 m 8.35 m 9.171 m 9.5 m 15.4 m 2m 2m 2.4 t/m3 1 t/m3 0.3 m 0.2 m 9.81 m2/sec
12 Coefficient of discharge Cd (Input taken from graph depending on the value of DR) 13 Calculated discharge Check whether Qth > Qa Hence safe Qth =Cd*L*H^(3/2) = 1745.589 >
1.56
1745.589 1022
Check for discharge for broad crested weir No. of vents nV (L/10-1.1) rounded 2+2*nV = 11.90 12 26 1891.813 m3/sec > 1022
n Qthb
1.705*(L-0.01*n*H)*H^1.5 = 1891.81293
Hence safe
Bottom width of weir Case 1 When the u/s water is at crest level and there is no flow downsteam Mo Mr (dw*Ht^3)/6 = 1.333 tm
(dw*Ht*dc*(b2+ab-a2))/6 =
ie 0.8 (b2+ab-a2)
Equating
1.582 m
Case II
Under maximum flow condition depth of flow over the weir Depth of water in the d/s Constant Depth of flow over the crest when
H H2 K H+Ht-afx-ret H/H2
= = =
K*Ht
1.474
ie, when a depth of 1.474 m flows over the weir, the weir will be just submerged. If Ht is the height of weir and D is the difference in water level then Max overturning moment Moment of resistance Equating Mo2 Mr2 Mr2=Mo2 (Ht/6)*(dc-1)(b^2+ab-a^2) = b^2+ab Let x2= b^2+ab-x2=0 Bottom width b = (-a+sqrt(a^2+4*x2))/2 = = a^2+Mo2*6/(Ht(dc-1)) a^2+Mo2*6/(Ht(dc-1)) = 10.31714 2.948 dw*Ht^2*D/2 (Ht/6)*(dc-1)(b^2+ab-a^2) = 2.948 tm
2.364 m
Case III
When the water is passing over the weir crest and the water is discharging with free overfall (This case is to be done only if L>30*Ht) 60 < L
30.Ht =
Under maximum flow condition depth of flow over the weir Depth of water in the d/s Constant Overturning moment Resisting moment
H H2 K Mo3 Mr3 H+Ht-afx-ret H/H2 dw*Ht^3(1+2K^(3/2))/6 dwHt(dc-1)(b^2+ab-a^2)/6 dw.Ht.(dc-1)/6 Mr3 0.46666667 (b^2+ab-a^2) (b^2+ab-a^2)
= = = =
= = = = =
constant
x3 = a^2 + b^2+ab-x3=0
6.471437911
Bottom width
= (-a+sqrt(a^2+4*x3))/2
2.387 m
OUTPUT Case
Bottom width
1 2 3
Check for stress at the foundation level of weir Case 1 Water upto crest level and no tail water c df Hf B bma Ht+df b+2c b-a = = = = = 0.15 m 0.3 m 2.3 m 2.9 0.6
Offset of foundation Depth of foundation Height of weir from foundn level Base width at foundation level Let ANALYSIS Body wall
W1 la1 W2 la2
bma*Ht*dc/2 c+bma*2/3 a*Ht*dc b-a/2+c B*df*dc B/2 c*Ht*dw B-c/2 (1/2)*Hf^2 Hf/3 W1+W2+W3+W4
= = = = = = = = = = = =
1.44 0.55 9.6 1.75 2.088 1.45 0.3 2.825 2.645 0.766667 13.428 t 2.645 t 21.4671
Foundation
W3 la3 W4 la4 H la V H MR
Wt of water
Water pressure
MO x' e
= = =
Pmax Pmin
(V/B)*(1+6e/B) (V/B)*(1-6e/B)
= =
Body wall
W1 la1 W2 la2
= = = = = = = =
1.44 0.4 9.6 1.6 2 0.666667 11.04 t 2t 15.936 1.333333 1.322705 0.022705 4.469 t/m2 4.024 t/m2
Water pressure
Vertical force Horizontal force Resisting moment Overturning moment constant Eccentricity Maximum pressure Minimum pressure
= = = = = =
MFL after construction Bottom level of weir Left Bank Level Top level of abutment Hard Rock Level Height of abutment
MFL+afx
= = =
MFLac+0.1
= =
TLA-HRL Say
tw bwa
= =
0.6 m 1.92 m
Case 1 Backfill saturated and no water in the river Earth pressure Lever Arm EP LA (ct1+ct2)Hta/2 = 4.928 t/m2 1.212121 m
((ct2+2ct1)/(ct2+ct1))(Hta/3)
ANALYSIS Vertical Force W1 la1 W2 la2 W3 la3 Total Resisting Moment Horizontal Force Overturning Moment Let V MR H MO xa ea Maximum pressure Minimum pressure Factor of safety (overturning) Factor of safety (sliding) Pmax Pmin FSo FSsl tw.Hta.dc tw/2 btw.Hta.dc/2 tw+btw/3 btw.Hta.r/2 tw+btw*2/3 W1+W2+W3 = = = = = = = 4.608 t 0.3 m 4.992 1.033333 4.368 1.466667 13.968 12.9472 4.928 5.973333 0.499275 0.450725 17.8154 -3.11224 2.1675 >2 1.700649 >1.5
Case II
ct22
ka(r-1).Hta+ct1
1.593
EP LA
3.2208 1.28922
ANALYSIS Vertical Force W1 la1 W2 la2 W3 la3 Buoyancy W4 la4 V MR tw.Hta.dc tw/2 btw.Hta.dc/2 tw+btw/3 btw.Hta.r/2 tw+btw*2/3 = = = = = = 4.608 0.3 4.992 1.033333 4.368 1.466667 -4 0.681333 9.968 10.22187
(tw+bw)Hta*1/2 = (tw^2/2+btw(tw+btw/3)/2/ (tw+btw/2) W1+W2+W3+W4 = W1*la1+W2*la2+W3*la3 = +W4*la4 EP EP*LA (MR-MO)/V bw/2-xa (V/bw)*(1+6*ea/bw) (V/bw)*(1-6*ea/bw) MR/MO 0.6*V/H = = = = = = = =
H MO xa ea
3.2208 4.15232 0.608903 0.341097 10.89737 -0.40474 2.461724 >2 1.85693 >1.5
Maximum pressure Minimum pressure Factor of safety (overturning) Factor of safety (sliding)
INPUT Offset Depth Height from foundn level Bottom width ca dfa Hfa Ba Hta+dfa bw+2*ca = = = = 0.2 m 0.5 m 3.7 2.3
Let
ct2a
ka.r.Hfa+ct1
3.01
EP LA
ANALYSIS Vertical Force W1 la1 W2 la2 Wt of soil W3 la3 W4 la4 W5 la5 MR tw.Hta.dc tw/2+ca btw.Hta.dc/2 tw+btw/3+ca btw.Hta.r/2 tw+btw*2/3+ca Ba*dfa*dc Ba/2 ca*Hta*r Ba-ca/2 = = = = = = = = = = 4.608 t 0.5 m 4.992 1.233333 4.368 1.666667 2.76 1.15 1.344 2.2 21.8716
Foundation
Wt of soil
Resisting Moment
W1*la1+W2*la2+W3*la3 = +W4*la4+W5*la5 EP EP*LA W1+W2+W3+W4+W5 (MR-MO)/V Ba/2-xa (V/Ba)*(1+6*ea/Ba) (V/Ba)*(1-6*ea/Ba) MR/MO 0.6*V/H = = = = = = = = =
H MO V xa ea
6.3455 8.784417 18.072 0.724169 0.425831 16.58588 -0.8711 2.489818 >2 1.708802 >1.5
Maximum pressure Minimum pressure Factor of safety (overturning) Factor of safety (sliding)
Pmin*Ba/(Pmax+Pmin)
0.127493
(x/Ba)*100
= <
5.543166 20%
Check for tan a tan a 0.9*sqrt(qo/fck+1) dfa/ca 0.9*sqrt(Pmax/15+1) = = < Hence safe 2.5 1.306001 2.5
MFL after construction Bottom level of weir Right Bank Level Top level of abutment Hard Rock Level Height of abutment Let Surcharge height
MFL+afx
= = =
MFLac+0.1
= =
TLA-BLW
RBL-TLA
37 m
Bank height at the end of abutment after pitching at a slope of 1:1 is taken as surcharge Surcharge Top width of abutment Bottom width of abutment Sr tw bw(cal) bw ka r ct1 ka.r.Sr INPUT = = = bw-tw = = = 1.6 m 0.6 m 1.92 m 2.2 m 0.333333 2.1 t/m3 1.12
ka.r.Hta+ct1 bw-tw
= =
3.36 1.6
Case 1 Backfill saturated and no water in the river Earth pressure Lever Arm EP LA (ct1+ct2)Hta/2 = 7.168 t/m2 1.333333 m
((ct2+2ct1)/(ct2+ct1))(Hta/3)
ANALYSIS Vertical Force W1 la1 W2 la2 W3 la3 W4 la4 Total Resisting Moment V MR tw.Hta.dc tw/2 btw.Hta.dc/2 tw+btw/3 btw.Hta.r/2 tw+btw*2/3 Sr.Sr.r/2 Sr*2/3+tw W1+W2+W3+W4 = = = = = = = = = 4.608 t 0.3 m 6.144 1.133333 5.376 1.666667 2.688 1.666667 18.816 21.7856
H MO xa ea
7.168 9.557333 0.649887 0.450113 19.0519 -1.94645 2.279464 >2 1.575 >1.5
Maximum pressure Minimum pressure Factor of safety (overturning) Factor of safety (sliding)
= = = = =
EP LA
ANALYSIS Vertical Force W1 la1 W2 la2 Wt of soil W3 la3 W4 la4 W5 la5 W6 la6 Resisting Moment MR tw.Hta.dc tw/2+ca btw.Hta.dc/2 tw+btw/3+ca btw.Hta.r/2 tw+btw*2/3+ca Ba*dfa*dc Ba/2 ca*(Hta+Sr)*r Ba-ca/2 Sr.Sr.r/2 Sr*2/3+tw+ca = = = = = = = = = = = = 4.608 t 0.5 m 6.144 1.333333 5.376 1.866667 3.12 1.3 2.016 2.5 2.688 1.866667 34.6448
Foundation
Wt of soil
W1*la1+W2*la2+W3*la3 = +W4*la4+W5*la5+W6*la6 EP EP*LA W1+W2+W3+W4+W5 +W6 (MR-MO)/V Ba/2-xa (V/Ba)*(1+6*ea/Ba) (V/Ba)*(1-6*ea/Ba) MR/MO = = =
H MO V
Let
xa ea
= = = = =
FSsl
0.6*V/H
1.608326 >1.5
Pmin*Ba/(Pmax+Pmin) (x/Ba)*100
= = <
Check for tan a tan a 0.9*sqrt(qo/fck+1) dfa/ca 0.9*sqrt(Pmax/15+1) = = < Hence safe 2.5 1.337927 2.5
Check for stress at deepest foundation level Bottom level of weir/check dam Deepest Ground Level BLW DGL DGL-.3 = = = 47 m 46.085 m 45.785 M
Offset of foundation Depth of foundation Height of weir from foundn level Base width at foundation level Let ANALYSIS Body wall
= = = = =
W1 la1 W2 la2
= = = =
Foundation
W3 la3 W4 la4 H la V H MR
= = = = = = = =
Wt of water
Water pressure
Overturning moment constant Eccentricity Maximum pressure Minimum pressure Factor of safety (overturning) Factor of safety (sliding)
= = = = = = =
5.538494 1.271079 0.178921 9.353332 t/m2 4.299358 t/m2 5.543254 >2 2.298294 >1.5
Design of Apron Discharge per unit width Afflux From Blench curves Ef2 Ef1 D1 D2 Length of cistern 5(D2-D1) Ef2+afx = = = = = 1.7 m 2m 0.7 1.5 4m q afx = Qa/L = = 7.861538 m3/sec/m 0.3 m
Provide a nominal apron of 5m length d/s and 3m length u/s with a nominal thickness of 0.3 m
INPUT
Increase by 10cm until calculated discharge Qth/Qthb is more than the max flood discharge Qa
If calculated discharge is less than the actual discharge (Qth < Qa), increase the afflux(afx) by 0.05m.If afflux is more than 1 Display the message "CHECK DAM IS NOT FEASIBLE AT THIS SITE" and exit.Otherwise recalculate the steps from 8 to 11 to get the new value of DR. Input the value of Cd corresponding to the new value of DR and calculate the new Qth and repeat the process until Qth>=Qa.
If calculated discharge is less than the actual discharge (Qth < Qa), increase the afflux(afx) by 0.05m.If afflux is more than 1 Display the message "CHECK DAM IS NOT FEASIBLE AT THIS SITE" and exit. Otherwise recalculate the steps from 8 to 10 to get the new value of H. Calculate the new Qthb and repeat the process until Qthb>=Qa
Crl
Ht BLW b
UWL
Ht
wHt
wD
D Ht
wHt
wH
wD
INPUT
Ht Hf c b df B O
Taking moments about O Sl.No Particulars Vertical Force V W1 W2 2 Foundation W3 3 Wt of water W4 Water pressure H 2.9x0.3x2.4 2.088 1.45 1/2x0.6x2x2.4 2x2x2.4 1.44 9.6 Horizontal Force H Lever Arm
0.15x2x1
0.3
2.825
1/2x2.3x2.3 13.428
2.645 2.645
0.766667
Ht
w.Ht
Taking moments about O Sl.No Particulars Vertical Force V W1 W2 2 Water pressure H 1/2x0.6x2x2.4 2x2x2.4 1.44 9.6 Horizontal Force H Lever Arm
1/2x2x2 11.040
2 2.000
0.666667
ct2
bw
Taking moments about O Sl.No Particulars Vertical Force V 0.6x3.2x2.4 1.3x3.2x2.4/2 1.3x3.2x2.1/2 (0.420.42+2.66)x3.2/2 13.968 4.608 4.992 4.368 Horizontal Force H Lever Arm
Sl.No
Particulars
Vertical
Horizontal
Lever
Force V 1 Body wall W1 W2 W3 2 Buoyancy W4 3 Earth pressure H (1/2)x(0.6+1.9)x3.2 -4 0.6x3.2x2.4 1.3x3.2x2.4/2 1.3x3.2x2.1/2 4.608 4.992 4.368
Force H
Arm
(0.42+1.593)x3.2/2 9.968
3.2208 3.221
1.28922
Sl.No
Particulars
Vertical Force V
Horizontal Force H
Lever Arm
Body wall W1 W2 0.6x3.2x2.4 1.3x3.2x2.4/2 1.3x3.2x2.1/2 2.3x0.5x2.4 0.2x3.2x2.1 (0.42+3.01)x3.7/2 18.072 4.608 4.992 4.368 2.76 1.344 0.5 1.233333 1.666667 1.15 2.2 6.3455 1.384354 6.346
2 3 4 5
W3 W4 W5 H
INPUT
INPUT
Sl.No
Particulars
Vertical Force V 0.6x3.2x2.4 1.6x3.2x2.4/2 1.6x3.2x2.1/2 1.6x1.6x2.1/2 (1.12+3.36)x3.2/2 18.816 4.608 6.144 5.376 2.688
Horizontal Force H
Lever Arm
1 2 3 4 5
W1 W2 W3 W4 H
INPUT INPUT
Sl.No
Particulars
Vertical Force V 0.6x3.2x2.4 1.6x3.2x2.4/2 1.6x3.2x2.1/2 2.6x0.5x2.4 0.2x(3.2+1.6)x2.1 1.6x1.6x2.1/2 (1.12+3.71)x3.7/2 23.952 4.608 6.144 5.376 3.12 2.016 2.688
Horizontal Force H
Lever Arm
Body wall W1 W2
2 3 4
W3 W4 W5 W6
INPUT Sl.No Particulars Vertical Force V 0.6x2x2.4/2 2x2x2.4 2.9x1.215x2.4 0.15x2x1 1.44 9.6 8.4564 0.3 Horizontal Force H Lever Arm
Body wall W1 W2
2 3
W3 W4
3.215x3.215/2 19.796
crease the afflux(afx) by NOT FEASIBLE AT THIS new value of DR. Input the ew Qth and repeat the
H2
-ve moment MO
3.0276
0.8475
-ve moment MO
-ve moment MO
+ve
-ve
moment MR
moment MO
+ve moment MR
-ve moment MO
-ve moment MO
-ve moment MO
-ve moment MO
DATA FOR DESIGN OF CHECK DAM ON ROCK Maximum flood discharge Bed slope River width Deepest bed level Average bed level Bottom level of weir/check dam Maximum flood level Height of check dam Top width of weir Afflux Qa s L BLd BLa BLW MFL Ht a afx = = = = = = = = = = = 1 in m m m m m m m m m3/sec
Bottom width b = ( Rounded from the maximum of the values calculated in three cases) Offset of foundation of weir Depth of foundation of weir c df = = =
m m m
Deepest Ground Level DGL (for checking stress at deepest foundation level of weir)
LEFT ABUTMENT Left Bank Level Hard Rock Level LBL HRL = = m m m
Height of abutment Hta (Rouded from the calculated value) Top width of abutment tw = =
m m
Bottom width of abutment bw (Rouded from the calculated value) Foundation Offset Depth ca dfa
= =
m m
RIGHT ABUTMENT Right Bank Level Hard Rock Level RBL HRL = = m m m
Height of abutment Hta (Rouded from the calculated value) Top width of abutment tw = =
m m
Bottom width of abutment bw (Rouded from the calculated value) Foundation Offset Depth ca dfa
= =
m m
Body wall
Foundation
Wt of water
Water pressure