LTE Fundamentals

Introduction

Why learn about LTE FUNDAMENTALS

20 minutes !

LTE today Rel 8 LTE tomorrow Rel 10

Scope and objectives

Objectives

Explain the basics of the LTE radio interface Give an overview of the evolution of LTE

Scope

Key LTE radio access features LTE in the future How to learn more

Overview

Key LTE radio access features

LTE radio access
Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA

OFDMA SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions

Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)
TX TX

Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

1.4 MHz

20 MHz

LTE Radio Access Downlink

OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Large number of 15 kHz sub carriers Orthogonal: Other carriers zero at sampling point

User 1 User 2 User 3

f = 15 kHz

tim e

frequency

LTE Radio Access Uplink

SC-FDMA Single Carrier FDMA (DFTS-OFDM)

Pre-coded OFDM Similar to OFDM

15 kHz tones BUT consecutive Same time-domain structure

Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

User 1 User 2 User 3

tim e

frequency

LTE DL Physical Resources

12 sub-carriers

One Scheduling Block (2 Resource Blocks) 180 kHz and 1 ms

On e su bfr am e1 4O FD M

sy mb ols

tim e

frequency

Scheduling
Time domain
Round-robin Max C/I Proportional fair
Round-robin Max C/I Proportional fair

Frequency domain
Consecutive Random Measurement based
tim e

Downlink

User 1 User 2 User 3

frequency

Link adaptation
Layer 1 feature Time Domain (/user)
Modulation scheme Channel coding
OFDM symbol

Modulation scheme
QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

2bits

4bits

6bits

Channel coding

Data

Control

Data

Control

Frequency Domain (/SB)

Not that common

Time dispersion
One OFDM symbol

Direct path Reflected path

Tu

Measured by UE

Cyclic prefix insertion

One OFDM symbol

Direct path Reflected path

TCP

Tu

Measured by UE

CP: 4.7s => 1.4km

Multi-antenna Transmission
Examples
Radio channel

eNodeB

MISO (Multiple In Single Out) Beam forming Transmit diversity

Terminal device

Radio channel

eNodeB

SIMO (Single In Multiple Out) Receive diversity

Terminal device

Radio channel

eNodeB

MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out) All above + Spatial multiplexing (MIMO)

Terminal device

Spectrum Flexibility
New and existing bands FDD and TDD Flexible bandwidth

1.4MHz: 6 Scheduling Blocks 20 MHz: 100 Scheduling Blocks

LTE Channel bandwidths [MHz]

1.4

10

15

20

LTE DL peak rate

20 MHz and 4x4 MIMO AND 64 QAM
14 OFDM symbols per 1.0 ms subframe 64QAM = 6 bits per symbol 6 x 14 = 84 bits per 1.0 ms subframe

84bits/1.0ms = 84kbps per subcarrier 12 x 84kbps = 1.008Mbps per Scheduling Block 100 Scheduling Blocks in 20MHz 100 x 1.008Mbps = 100.8Mbps per antenna

4 x 4 MIMO: 403.2Mbps ! BUT in reality approx. 300Mbps

and UL no MIMO 75Mbps

LTE in the Future Evolution!

LTE Advanced study in 3GPP
Start March 2008 Expected Release 10 (2011)

LTE Advanced => LTE 3GPP Rel 10 Major enhancements

Higher peak rates Relaying solutions

LTE 3GPP Rel 10

Higher peak rates
20 MHz

Carrier aggregation
100 MHz total bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz

Spectrum aggregation
40 MHz total bandwidth

DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission

Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !

1.2Gbps demonstrated
4 x 20 MHz DL 4x4 MIMO Commercial hardware