Renewable Energy & Social Enterprise in India.

Research Project with Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship - SBS. Oxford.
Kaustubh Ambavanekar- EMBA-6 Said Business School, Oxford.

Introduction
This is a research initiative to explore Social Enterprise (SE) activities in Renewable Energy (RE). It illustrates that collaborative learning-by-doing by individuals across organisational boundaries is key for the successful implementation of RE projects with help of SEs.

Purpose
After years of attempting to develop renewable energy (RE) mainly through large private sector initiatives, it is essential to broadened its approach to provide more support for other actors in this sector. The purpose of this research is to assess what role social enterprise (SE) activities can play in the development of the RE sector in the India.

Objectives- Social Enterprise and Renewable Energy

Social enterprises can provide innovative solutions to achieve the global ambition to dramatically increase the proportion of the world energy that comes from renewable sources most effectively. The strategy is to make substantial use of social enterprise models to deliver renewable energy, with multiple benefits, learning from successes domestically and internationally. The specific steps suggested would enable the further development of the UKs renewable capacity to make the most of the opportunities social enterprise business models provide. That the Renewable Energy Strategy be implemented in the full context of the governments commitments on climate change and its other strategic objectives.

The programme should aim to promote sustainable business growth and new business opportunities by enabling the establishment or further development of social enterprises based on community scale renewable energy installations.

Mission
Social enterprise models need to offer communities an opportunity to contribute to changing the economics of climate change as well as advocating and informing changes in individual behaviours. They need to frequently deliver environmental outcomes simultaneously to multiple social benefits, such as employment for those otherwise excluded from the labour market and new community assets. These models should present opportunities for environmental organisations to be more financially sustainable, for existing social enterprises to diversify and offer environmental services and additional means for policy makers to deliver their environmental objectives.

Vision

Environmental social enterprises can operate businesses ranging from community renewable energy through re-use and recycling to environmental education.

Drivers for Renewable Energy Social Enterprise (RESE)

Primary indicators
1.6 billion people- a quarter of humanity - live without electricity. Region Millions without electricity (world bank development indicators 2008) South Asia 706 Sub-Saharan Africa 547 East Asia 224 Other 101 Water problems affect half of humanity: Some 1.1 billion people in developing countries have inadequate access to water, and 2.6 billion lack basic sanitation. In developing countries some 2.5 billion people are forced to rely on biomass-fuelwood, charcoal and animal dung-to meet their energy needs for cooking. In sub-Saharan Africa, over 80 percent of the population depends on traditional biomass for cooking, as do over half of the populations of India and China. Indoor air pollution resulting from the use of solid fuels [by poorer segments of society] is a major killer. It claims the lives of 1.5 million people each year, more than half of them below the age of five: that is 4000 deaths a day. To put this number in context, it exceeds total deaths from malaria and rivals the number of deaths from tuberculosis. Approximately half the worlds population now live in cities and towns. In 2005, one out of three urban dwellers (approximately 1 billion people) was living in slum conditions.
Source: World Bank Data & Statistics, accessed March 3, 2008

Rationale
Renewable energy technologies are essential contributors to the energy supply portfolio, as they contribute to world energy security, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and provide opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases. Climatedisrupting fossil fuels are being replaced by clean, climatestabilizing, non-depletable sources of energy

RESE Application Scenarios

RESE Applications
Energy
Solar, Wind, Hydro ,Bio Fuel And Geothermal energy

Waste Mgmt
Recycling, Access and storage

Agriculture
BioTechnology, Access to clean water, Irrigation

Social Enterprise
Sustainability
Development Manufacturing

Education
Learning & development in Rural areas Resources

Finance
Microfinance

Environmental sustainability is important to us all. Sustaining the quality of our natural environment and tackling the problem of climate change is a huge challenge. Many social enterprises work to provide environmental services including renewable energy generation, recycling and reuse, community transport, education and awareness raising, and sustainable land management.

Environmental Sustainability

Many more have environmental concerns as part of their core social values and all social enterprises can work to improve their environmental impact. Environmental social enterprises offer the world a model where the results are truly triple bottom line: environmentally, socially and economically sustainable. As awareness of the importance of combating climate change and pressures on resources increase, there are tremendous opportunities for social enterprise to make an even greater contribution. Environmental considerations span the full remit of the Government, from national carbon reduction targets to local authority commissioning of waste services. It is important to make clear to the Government the key role that social enterprise can and should play in delivering on these aspirations.

Environmental Sustainability Results

An inside look at the making of a global energy service organization that produces wind turbines locally to bring sustainable energy services and economic opportunity to underserved regions of the world. Starting with proof of concept in Nicaragua, Mathias Craig and blue Energy have their sights set on making a huge impact on the lives of the worlds poor.

RESE Organisations

The Challenge: Change, Measure, Sustain

Change: From population growth to innovations in renewable energies, we live in a world of constant change. Is it now time for businesses and individuals to reassess their relationships with natural resources and the globalized community? And, as some experts have suggested, can we do so profitably? The idea of change will be put to the test as we reassess current capitalistic structures and re-evaluate status quo business models. Measure: Social businesses, green initiatives, and sustainability may seem laudable in their own right, but1. 2. 3. How do we measure progress? And when we are talking about a sustainable future. what constitutes success? Perhaps more than any other, this is a key issue facing governments, businesses, non-profits, and communities today.

Sustain: Sustainability has become a useful buzzword, but in the context of rapid global change and technological innovation, what does sustainability actually mean? And how, as global citizens and professionals, can we operate in ways that ensure the worlds resources for future generations?

Issues in India

Electricity Shortage
India suffers from a severe shortage of electric capacity. According to the World Bank, roughly 40 percent of residences in India are without electricity. In addition, blackouts are a common occurrence throughout the countrys main cities. One-third of Indian businesses believe that unreliable electricity is one of their primary impediments to doing business. Further compounding the situation is that total demand for electricity in the country continues to rise and is outpacing increases in capacity. Adequate additional capacity has failed to materialize in India in light of market regulations, insufficient investment in the sector, and difficulty in obtaining environmental approval and funding for hydropower projects. In addition, coal shortages are further straining power generation capabilities. In order to address this shortfall, the Indian government has set the goal of adding 90,000 MW of additional electric generation capacity by 2012. In light of these targets, the private sector is beginning to step up investment in the sector. For example, Uk-based Hinduja Group, which already operates several power plants in the country, has pledged $15 billion towards the addition of 10,000 MW of capacity over the next several years. The country also grapples with electricity efficiency issues. In order to improve efficiency standards, the Energy Conservation Act was passed in 2002, which established the Bureau of Energy Efficiency and has sought to promote efficient use of energy and labeling of energy-intensive products. It is also possible to import some electricity into India, as the countrys power grid is interconnected with the grids in Nepal and Bhutan. This has allowed for the export of surplus electricity to India, however, this is not likely to prove sufficient to make up for Indias lack of electric generation capacity.

Pollution and Co2 Levels

While high pollution levels were found over much of India, a concentrated pool of particles was discovered over Bihar, a largely rural area with a high population density. Blanketing around 100 million people, primarily in the Ganges Valley, the pollution levels are about five times larger than those typically found over Los Angeles and can affect both human health and local climate. A large source contributing to the Bihar pollution pool is the inefficient burning of a variety of biofuels during cooking and other domestic use. Particles in the smoke remain close to the ground, trapped by valley walls, and unable to mix upward because of a high-pressure system that dominates the region during winter.

Water Shortage

Education, Research & Innovation in India

Literacy Rates- India

R&D Expenditure & IPs

Share of various Ministries and departments in the public R&D expenditure in India, Plan Period - 10th: 2002-2007

P activity by India both residential and non-residential.

Innovation In India

Agricultural Challenges

Never before in the history of India, large number of peasants (970 in 2001) resorted to suicides since the later part of 1990s as the economic policies have devastated the lives of farmers. It has started in Andhra Pradesh State and has spread over to Maharashtra, Madhya pradesh, Punjab and other parts, which are the highest food grown areas.

Indian Farmer suicide

Despite the fact that 60% of the population of India is involved in agriculture, disastrous policies, woeful access to affordable credit, greedy and corrupt middlemen, and indifferent administrations have created (and are maintaining) such an impossible credit and financial system for farmers that they have been committing suicide in astounding numbers. The official statistic: since 1997, over five hundred thousand (5000) farmers have killed themselves.

Indian Farmer suicide

Climate Change

Global Warming

Increased temperatures will impact agricultural production. Higher temperatures reduce the total duration of a crop cycle by inducing early flowering, thus shortening the `grain fill period. The shorter the crop cycle, the lower the yield per unit area.

Climate change is one of the most serious challenges India faces, with consequences that go far beyond its effect on the environment. In this regard, the Indian government has decided to reduce the carbon intensity by 24% from 2005 levels by 2020 and The National Action Plan on Climate Change seeks to promote Sustainable development through use of clean technologies.

Challenges

Effects

India needs a change

Renewable Energy in India

Renewable Energy growth in India

Since 2007, India installed 3,857 MW from wind energy; 619.53 MW from small hydro; 322 MW from biomass; 704.20 MW from bagasse cogeneration; 8.10 MW from solar energy; and 20.10 MW from urban and industrial waste to energy. The year marks the beginning of Indias 11th five-year economic plan. Renewable energy installations from the current economic plan account for 35 percent of all of Indias installation activities Indias renewable energy power generation capacity now stands at 15,789 megawatts following government efforts to boost the sector. The minister cited the allocation of 3.9 billion Indian rupees ($86 million) to different renewable energy projects and programs starting in 2009.

Indian Policies
India has introduced policies and regulatory measures for renewable energy development, such as financial incentives, capital subsidy and customs duties. The country imposed preferential tariff for renewable power in strategic areas under its National Electricity Policy 2005 and national tariff policies. In 2003, the country set a fixed minimum percentage for renewable electricity purchase through electricity legislation. Further government efforts include a generation-based incentives scheme for wind power which lays a 0.5 rupee per unit incentive for electricity fed into the grid. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission is currently the centre piece of Indias renewable energy development. The program, launched in November, will boost deployment of solar energy systems and install 20,000 MW solar capacity by 2022. The first phase of the mission targets grid connected solar power plants with a combined capacity of 1,100 MW; equivalent off-grid solar applications of 200 MW; and solar thermal collectors that will cover an area of 7 million square meters. Currently, the Indian government is trying to spread public awareness on the necessity of generating power from renewable energy sources. The country plans to impose taxes on coal. Meanwhile, the World Bank has allotted $4 billion in loans for Indias renewable energy projects.

Renewable energy certificate scheme- India

Renewable energy certificate scheme- India

The Indian government is reportedly working on plans for a new renewable energy certificate (REC) scheme designed to drive investment in low-carbon energy projects. The scheme, which appears to be loosely modelled on the system of RECs in the US, would provide renewable energy developers with an additional revenue stream while giving companies the ability to bolster their green credentials by demonstrating that they have purchased renewable energy. A central agency will be set up to issue and administer RECs, while renewable energy generators will be allowed to sell the electricity at an above-market tariff set by local power regulators, or sell the electricity and associated REC separately. The country launched a feed-in tariff scheme for renewable energy last year and is also working on a highprofile project, dubbed the Solar Mission, to deliver about 20GW of solar energy capacity in the next decade. India added 2.33GW of grid-connected renewable power capacity during the year to the end of March, according to a statement from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, more than doubling the rate at which it installed renewables capacity during the previous year. The record performance takes the country's total installed capacity of renewable energy to 16.8GW, far outstripping the performance of many industrialised nations including the UK, France, Japan and Canada. India has approved in principal an ambitious National Solar Mission to generate 200GW of the country's energy from sunlight by 2050, but it apparently expects substantial funding to come from western nations.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

Mission Features
Government of India has recently launched the ambitious Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission which aims to promote the development and use of solar energy for power generation and other uses in the country. This Mission is one of the eight key National Missions which comprise Indias National Action Plan on Climate Change. The mission has a twin objective - to contribute to India's long term energy security as well as its ecological security.The Solar Mission would be implemented in 3 stages leading up to an installed capacity of 20,000 MW by the end of the 13th Five Year Plan in 2022. It is envisaged that as a result of rapid scale up as well as technological developments, the price of solar power will attain parity with grid power at the end of the Mission, enabling accelerated and large-scale expansion thereafter. Mission will establish a single window investor-friendly mechanism, which reduces risk and at the same time, provides an attractive, predictable and sufficiently extended tariff for the purchase of solar power for the grid. The focal point for the grid connected utility scale power plants, for the Phase 1 of the Mission, will be the NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam (NVVN), which is the power trading arm of the NTPC. Government has designated it for the purchase of solar power generated by independent solar power producers, at rates fixed by the Central Regulatory Electricity Commission and for a period specified by the latter. The mission includes a major initiative for promoting rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. The solar tariff announced by the regulators will be applicable for such installations. The power distribution companies will be involved in purchase of this power. The mission would have a 'much focussed R&D programme which seeks to address the India-specific challenges in promoting solar energy.

Mission Objectives
To create an enabling policy framework for the deployment of 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022. To ramp up capacity of grid-connected solar power generation to 1000 MW within three years by 2013; an additional 3000 MW by 2017 through the mandatory use of the renewable purchase obligation by utilities backed with a preferential tariff. This capacity can be more than doubled reaching 10,000MW installed power by 2017 or more, based on the enhanced and enabled international finance and technology transfer. The ambitious target for 2022 of 20,000 MW or more, will be dependent on the learning of the first two phases, which if successful, could lead to conditions of grid-competitive solar power. The transition could be appropriately up scaled, based on availability of international finance and technology. To create favourable conditions for solar manufacturing capability, particularly solar thermal for indigenous production and market leadership. To promote programs for off grid applications, reaching 1000 MW by 2017 and 2000 MW by 2022. To achieve 15 million square meters solar thermal collector area by 2017 and 20 million square meters solar thermal collector area by 2022.

Mission Objectives
To deploy 20 million solar lighting systems for rural areas by 2022. The Mission underlines the Governments intention to give a boost to solar energy and is a purposeful step by India towards climate change mitigation. The Solar Mission forms a part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). An analysis done by Greenpeace shows that the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission plan could ensure an annual reduction of 434 million tons of CO2 emissions every year by 2050 based on the assumption that solar will replace fossil fuels. Incentives offered: CERC has announced preferential tariff of Rs. 18.44 per unit for solar PV power and Rs. 13.45 per unit for solar thermal power for 25 years; Zero or concessional duty applicable on import of certain specific items; Zero Excise duty on domestic manufacture of many solar energy devices and systems; NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam will purchase solar power for a period of 25 years at a fixed tariff announced by CERC; CERC will review the costs every year and fix tariff accordingly for new projects.

Social Enterprise offering Renewable Energy Case Studies

Case Studies- India

SELCO India, a social enterprise that provides sustainable energy services to underserved households and businesses in India, announced that it received a social growth financing investment from an international consortium of leading social investors. The financing was led by the Good Energies Foundation, a not-for-profit organization focused on the alleviation of poverty through sustainable access to renewable energy, and also included the Lemelson Foundation, which celebrates and supports inventors and entrepreneurs to strengthen social and economic life, and E+Co, a non-profit investment firm that provides business support services and capital to energy enterprises in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

GOOD ENERGIES FOUNDATION The mission of the Good Energies Foundation is poverty alleviation through sustainable access to renewable energy. A Swiss registered foundation, it is independent from, but affiliated with, Good Energies, Inc.

Case Studies- India

NextGen, incubated at NSRCEL, IIM-Bangalore operates in two major domains - Emission Management and Waste to Energy. We are the pioneers of carbon accounting in India and have worked with some of the biggest companies across the globe on their footprint estimation, analysis , reduction and low carbon strategy. We help organizations measure, manage, mitigate and communicate the environmental impact of their operations, supply chain, products and events amongst others. NextGen has developed an in house biogas technology for decentralized organic waste to energy application, focusing on urban needs of reliability, hygiene and aesthetic values. This technology is currently being deployed across IT parks, university campuses, housing complexes and hotel chains across India.

Case Studies-India

Envirofit International was established to develop well-engineered technology solutions to improve the human condition on a global scale, with a primary emphasis on applications in the developing world. Envirofit's goal is to develop and distribute well-engineered energy products that address major environmental problems in the global emerging markets that traditionally have been overlooked. Established as a U.S. tax-exempt corporation, Envirofit utilizes initial donations and institutional support to fund product development and early stage product commercialization, and then uses operating income to develop and expand its businesses. In the rank of organizations developing products for "bottom of the pyramid" markets, Envirofit is unique in its utilization of the same rigorous product-development methodology and protocols used by modern industry. This requires rigor in areas like design, validation, manufacturing, quality control, supply chain management, distribution, inventory management, and marketing. Envirofit's goal is thus to build and operate self-sustaining businesses as an entrepreneurial, commercially-driven, independent, non-profit organization.

Case Studies-India

The CleanStar Trust was established in mid-2007 based on the realisation that with appropriate technical and financial support, the rural poor could become great champions in the fight against climate change and environmental degradation. Today, we are a resource centre for community-based agro-forestry, clean energy production, and environmental education programs that engage and benefit the rural poor. CleanStar Energy is a private limited company registered in New Delhi, India. The company was launched in 2005 based on award-winning research at Oxford University. It now has offices in Pune, Maharashtra and field sites in central and western Maharashtra. CleanStar is proud to support the CleanStar Trust for Sustainable Development, an independent non-profit group that helps the rural poor fight climate change.

Case Studies -Worldwide

Community Renewable Energy Ltd (CoRE) is a Social Enterprise. We know that many communities have explored renewable energy and discovered that they lack the resources to make this happen. We work with communities to develop systems that will generate income and provide them with sustainable, secure energy supplies. In return CoRE takes a stake in the companies set up; to recoup development costs and to support the establishment of more community owned renewable energy systems.

The UKs National Agency ECOTEC has awarded Embrace with one of the European Commissions flagship Transfer of Innovation projects. The project has been developed over the years to address the need for qualified and well-trained people working in the renewable energy sector. The project will be a platform to share the regional/ national differences in vocational education and training (VET) within the renewable energy sector

Case Studies- Cambodia

E+Co makes clean energy investments in developing countries. With 15 years of experience and offices in 8 locations, E+Co's innovative business model provides lasting solutions to climate change and poverty.

SME Cambodia and E + Co, a US non-profit renewable energy investment organization, have established a new Cambodian renewable energy company. The new venture,SME Renewable Energy Ltd., will promote renewable energy technologies and market biomass gasification power generation systems in Cambodia and throughout the Greater Mekong region. SME-RE Ltd. offers turnkey projects, including system design, project feasibility studies, project planning and project financing, to rural electricity producers, agro-business processing enterprises and manufacturers requiring stand alone thermal or electrical energy solutions. Primary markets include rice mills, cashew processing plants, ice factories and noodle factories. Other potential customers are companies that currently depend on high cost diesel and other petroleum fuels for thermal steam generation, ceramic kiln firing and grain drying

Case Studies- Philippines

RuralLight is a youth-led social enterprise based in the Philippines that is focused on empowering off-grid communities in pursuing sustainable solutions in renewable energy. RuralLight is a Philippine-based, youth-led social enterprise focused on empowering off-grid communities in pursuing sustainable solutions in renewable energy. The organization supports in empowering off-grid communities and villages using renewable energy in part or wholly by providing scalable solutions that support their local economies. This includes supporting local produce by expanding their markets and engaging in community-centered product development and deployment like bringing in products for the bottom of the pyramid. This context engages and empowers the community to enhance their livelihood and expand their market. Given that there are still about 2,400 villages still not electrified, there are avenues to provide energy for these villages. One solution is to provide an electrified community center using a renewable energy source or a mix of resources for a town not yet connected to the electric grid.

Case Studies- Barbados

Innogen Technologies is a social innovation enterprise specializing in alternative energy solutions for small island economies. We are situated on the Island of Barbados, our focus is on developing a renewable energy industry within the Caribbean Islands. it is not based on a business entrepreneurship model but rather a social entrepreneurship model. seeking to address broad grassroots economic problems that Caribbean people are facing, using innovative technologies, solutions and processes.

Founded by Jerome Lemelson, one of U.S. history's most prolific inventors, the Lemelson Foundation uses its resources to recognize and celebrate accomplished inventors, inspire and mentor young people and grassroots inventors and entrepreneurs, disseminate technologies that improve peoples lives and generate entrepreneurial opportunity, and research and share information that illuminates the value of invention to society. To date, the Foundation has donated or committed more than $150 million in support of its mission.

Case Studies-Nicaragua, France

blueEnergy improves lives in marginalized communities using a holistic approach to sustainable energy and related fundamental services. To ensure long-term operation, blueEnergy leverages international support to develop needed infrastructure and human capacity and empowers local people by making them central figures in the design, construction, and implementation of the energy systems and other solutions. Ultimately, blueEnergy creates long-term value by linking its sustainable energy services to lifeimproving energy uses such as clean light, water treatment, medicine storage, and ice making for fish storage.

Case Studies- USA

RREAL has the unique mission of making solar energy available to people of all income levels. Solar technologies present viable alternatives to fossil fuels that are both environmentally sound and socially empowering. In order for solar to be widely embraced, it must be available to people of all income levels. However, solar technology remains out of reach for many lower income households. The cost of home heating is unpredictable, and has been rising every year for the last 30 yearsmuch faster than peoples incomes. Since low income families devote a greater share of income to the necessity of heat, they are the most vulnerable to these increases and fluctuations in energy costs.

Case Studies-Ethiopia
SOLAR-POWERED HEALTH POSTS TO PROVIDE VACCINES IN ETHIOPIA

Health stations offer the only opportunity for around 12,000 people in Ethiopias Midda Region to meet their basic medical needs. The remote locations of these health stations make it extremely difficult to guarantee the indispensable, uninterrupted cooling (between 2 and 8 C) of life-saving vaccines. Hitherto, kerosene using generators provided the essential power. Yet, fuel supply distribution is difficult, the often old engines are unreliable and fuel itself bears high permanent costs. Thanks to the projects installed solar PV facilities directly at the health stations, autonomous power supply can be achieved. The high-tech installations guarantee a reliable and persistent power supply as well as significant cost reduction.

Case Studies-Ethiopia
ELECTRIFICATION OF THE VILLAGE OF REMA/ETHIOPIA

Rema is a village with 3,000 inhabitants in the Midda Region in Ethiopia. Through a contribution by Good Energies and other donors, Stiftung Solarenergie was able to equip every single house in the village with a solar panel, a battery for energy storage and two LED lamps (which use very little energy). These electric off-grid lights replace health damaging kerosene lamps, which are common in this area. The success was so overwhelming that several surrounding villages approached the Solarstiftung in order to be electrified in the same way. The advantage of the solar system contrary to diesel generators, which aid organizations traditionally have in their aid programs, is the independence from petrol prices and the delivery of petrol to these remote areas.

Case Studies-Ethiopia
SOLAR-POWERED WATER PUMP REPLACING MANUAL WATER TRANSPORTATION

In the Midda region, people often have to walk many hours in order to have access to a source of water and the walk from the plateau into the valley is usually steep. It is mostly the women and the children who have to go on this laborious march which often takes seven to eight hours every day. We helped to install the solar-powered water pumping system in the village of Rema, where the women and children now no longer need to travel the difficult path into the valley for precious water. The time they save is important: The children now have time, for example, to go to school during the day.

World Facts

World Potential Renewable Energy

1. Globally, renewable energy is growing fast. The rates of development for renewable energy sources is far exceeding those of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas. In 2006, wind and solar development grew by 20 and 40 percent respectively. A recent report released by Greenpeace and the European Renewable Energy Council, states that renewable energy can deliver half of the world's energy needs by 2050. Renewable energy will become increasingly important as the world attempts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to levels that scientists predict are necessary to curb global warming.

2.

3.

4.

Global Renewable Energy Resources

Solar Wind

Fig 1.0 :The geographical distribution of the solar radiation incident on the earth's surface each year.

Fig 2.0 Availability of standardized evaluations of the wind energy potential

Global Access to safe drinking water

Fig 1.0 :The geographical distribution of the solar radiation incident on the earth's surface each year.

Fig 2.0 Availability of standardized evaluations of the wind energy potential

Global Biofuel Production Map

Projected agriculture in 2080 due to climate change

Wind Energy Capacity (Worldwide)

The BLUE scenario forecasts that wind energy will produce over 5,000 TWh of electricity per year by 2050, accounting for up to 17% of global power production. Over one third of the resulting CO2 savings will be achieved in China and India.

India Facts

Population density of Indian states

States In India

Energy Consumption- World & India

Coal accounts for more than half of Indias total energy consumption followed by oil, which comprises 31 percent of total energy consumption. Natural gas and hydroelectric power account for 8 and 6 percent of consumption, respectively. Although nuclear power comprises a very small percentage of total energy consumption at this time, it is expected to increase in light of recent international civil nuclear energy cooperation deals. According to the Indian government, 30 percent of Indias total energy needs are met through imports.

Indias Oil production and Imports

India lacks sufficient domestic energy resources and must import much of its growing energy requirements. India is not only experiencing an electricity shortage but is also increasingly dependent on oil imports to meet demand. In addition to pursuing domestic oil and gas exploration and production projects, India is also stepping up its natural gas imports, particularly through imports of liquefied natural gas. The countrys ability to secure a reliable supply of energy resources at affordable prices will be one of the most important factors in shaping its future energy demand.

India Energy Capacity

Energy Resources, Production and Capacity

India's Largest Hydroelectric Power Plants

Power Plant Dehar Sharavathi Koyna Kalinadi I Nagarjun Sugar Idduki Srisailam Right Bank Bhakra-Nangal Salal Kundah State Rajasthan Karnataka Maharashtra Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Kerala Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan Jammu & Kashmir Tamil Nadu Total Capacity (MWe) 990 891 880 825 815 780 770 710 690 555

Renewable Energy Projects & Wind Density Map

Future Wind Energy Capacity (India)

The BLUE scenario forecasts that wind energy will produce over 5,000 TWh of electricity per year by 2050, accounting for up to 17% of global power production. Over one third of the resulting CO2 savings will be achieved in China and India.

Innovation and Renewable Energy Social Enterprise

HighDro Power generation

A graduating industrial design student at Leicesters De Montfort University (DMU) is hoping for award-winning success with his innovative design which transforms falling wastewater into electricity. DMU Industrial design student, Tom Broadbents money and energy-saving brainwave is called the HighDro Power and works by harnessing the energy from falling waste water in the soil pipes of high-rise buildings, converting it to electricity through an ingenious device. As well as having developed a potentially commercially viable product, Tom is waiting to hear whether he will win accolades from the Institute of Engineering Designers (IED) and the Dyson Awards. He is also entering the Kevin McCloud Green Heroes award to win the opportunity to show HighDro Power at the NECs Grand Designs Live show. The invention was developed in answer to targets set at the G8 Summit by governments to reduce their countrys carbon dioxide emissions and dependency on fossil fuels for energy production by 2050. In HighDro Power, the electricity can either be utilised in the building to save 926-per-year for a sevenstorey building or sold back to the national grid on a buy-back tariff.

Envirofit- EnviroFlame Combustion System

To achieve the desired health, environmental, social and economic improvements, hundreds of millions of primitive stoves will need to be replaced. From the outset, Envirofit has systematically set the stage for this degree of global scalability and sustainability through: enterprise-based business model driving economic selfsustainability, voice-of-the-customer market research, disciplined ground-breaking R & D, modern product development process, robust durability and emissions testing, global supply chain supporting centralized quality-controlled mass-manufacturing, multitiered distribution & sales networks, location-specific marketing strategies, partnerships with global organizations and local MFIs & NGOs, and global awareness raising and brand building about Envirofit and the problems we look to address. In creating products for developing world customers, Envirofit utilizes the same disciplined, mature product-development methodologies used by modern industry. Compared to traditional cooking fires, Envirofit cookstoves reduce emissions by as much as 80%, use up to 60% less fuel and reduce cooking cycle time by up to 50%. Built and engineered to address the unique cooking habits of our customers, Envirofit clean cookstoves are a result of over five years of market research, engineering R & D, emissions and durability testing in coordination with Shell Foundation and Colorado State Universitys world-renown Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory. Envirofit Internationals goal is to develop affordable, aesthetic, well-engineered technology solutions that have significant global health and environmental impacts and economic payback incentives for our customers.

Solar Powered Laptop

During 2007 this simple solar photovoltaic (PV) system has provided some of my energy needs (OK, a pretty small percentage I'll admit). In total there are approximately 40W(peak) of PV panels. This charges a sealed 'gel' type lead-acid battery with a charge controller to ensure no overcharging. The battery can then be moved and used to power various devices including 12V lights, laptops (through a suitable converter) and audio equipment (through a pure sine wave DC to AC inverter). There is a display to show the power being fed into the battery along with the battery voltage. Two batteries are used in rotation, with one being recharged while the other is used.

Thank You

Backup Slides