I HC QUY NHN

KHOA K THUT CNG NGH

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BO CO TI
TI: MCH TO XUNG
Ging Vin Hng Dn : Ths L NAM DNG Sinh Vin Thc Hin: 1/ C MINH VNG 2/ HUNH THC THNH Lp : in T Vin Thng K32A

Quy Nhn 15/12/2011

I/ GII THIU V MCH TO XUNG S DNG IC 555 1/Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca IC555 Cu to ca NE555 gm OP-amp so snh in p, mch lt v transistor x in. Cu to ca IC n gin nhng hot ng tt. Bn trong gm 3 in tr mc ni tip chia in p VCC thnh 3 phn. Cu to ny to nn in p chun. in p 1/3 VCC ni vo chn dng ca Op-amp 1 v in p 2/3 VCC ni vo chn m ca Op-amp 2. Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 VCC, chn S = [1] v FF c kch. Khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 VCC, chn R ca FF = [1] v FF c reset

2/Gii thch s dao ng: K hiu 0 l mc thp bng 0V, 1 l mc cao gn bng VCC. Mch FF l loi RS Flip-flop, Khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v = [ 0]. Sau , khi S = [0] th Q = [1] v = [0]. Khi R = [1] th = [1] v Q = [0]. Tm li, khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v khi R = [1] th Q = [0] bi v = [1], transisitor m dn, cc C ni t. Cho nn in p khng np vo t C, in p chn 6 khng vt qu V2. Do li ra ca Op-amp 2 mc 0, FF khng reset. Giai on ng ra mc 1: Khi bm cng tc khi ng, chn 2 mc 0. V in p chn 2 (V-) nh hn V1(V+), ng ra ca Op-amp 1 mc 1 nn S = [1], Q = [1] v = [0]. Ng ra ca IC mc 1. Khi = [0], transistor tt, t C tip tc np qua R, in p trn t tng. Khi nhn cng tc ln na Op-amp 1 c V- = [1] ln hn V+ nn ng ra ca Op-amp 1 mc 0, S = [0], Q v vn khng i. Trong khi in p t C nh hn V2, FF vn gi nguyn trng thi . Giai on ng ra mc 0: Khi t C np tip, Op-amp 2 c V+ ln hn V- = 2/3 VCC, R = [1] nn Q = [0] v = [1]. Ng ra ca IC mc 0. V = [1], transistor m dn, Op-amp2 c V+ = [0] b hn V-, ng ra ca Opamp 2 mc 0. V vy Q v khng i gi tr, t C x in thng qua transistor. Kt qu cui cng: Ng ra OUT c tn hiu dao ng dng sng vung, c chu k n nh Thit k mch dao ng = IC

Ni dung : IC to dao ng h XX555, Thit k mch dao ng to ra xung vung c tn s v rng bt k. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. IC to dao ng XX555 ; XX c th l TA hoc LA v v ...

Mch dao ng to xung bng IC 555 Vcc cung cp cho IC c th s dng t 4,5V n 15V , ng mch mu l dng ngun, mch mu en di cng l m ngun. T 103 (10nF) t chn 5 xung mass l c nh v bn c th b qua ( khng lp cng c ) Khi thay i cc in tr R1, R2 v gi tr t C1 bn s thu c dao ng c tn s v rng xung theo mun theo cng thc. T = 0.7 (R1 + 2R2) C1 v f = 1.4 / ( (R1 + 2R2) C1 ) T = Thi gian ca mt chu k ton phn tnh bng (s) f = Tn s dao ng tnh bng (Hz) R1 = in tr tnh bng ohm (W ) R2 = in tr tnh bng ohm ( W ) C1 = T in tnh bng Fara ( W )

T = Tm + Ts T : chu k ton phn Tm = 0,7 x ( R1 + R2 ) x C1 Tm : thi gian in mc cao Ts = 0,7 x R2 x C1 Ts : thi gian in mc thp

Chu k ton phn T bao gm thi gian c in mc cao Tm v thi gian c in mc thp Ts T cc cng thc trn ta c th to ra mt dao ng xung vung c rng Tm v Ts bt k. Sau khi to ra xung c Tm v Ts ta c T = Tm + Ts v f = 1/ T II / GII THIU V MCH NG DNG V MT S MCH CHUYN I XUNG S DNG TRONG TI. 1/Mch vi phn:

Phng Trnh Vi Phn ca Mch in

ln V =

with A = e with A = e C

Thi Gian RC
t V (t) %V
o

A=eC= 100% Vo 0,63 V 60% Vo

Vo

Vo

Vo

0,01 V

10% V

in th ca mch in gim theo function s Ly Tha of e c tng quan n gi tr ca R v C. Ti thi gian bng t = 1 / RC, V = 63% Vo Ti thi gian bng t = 5 / RC, V = 10% V o

2/Mch chuyn i xung vung thnh xung tam gic

R1
1k

R3
1k

C1
C2(1)

C2 Q1
220p 2N3390 220p

3/ Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca IC 4017 Ic 4017 c 10 ng ra ring bit tun t l 3 , 2, 4, 7, 10, 1, 5, 6, 9, 11

Chn s 16 l chn ngun Vcc

Chn s 8 l chn ni mass Chn s 12 l chn chia h 5 Chn s 14 l ng vo xung CLOCK Chn s 13 l chn ENABLE Chn s 15 l chn RESET

Biu din dng tn hiu ng ra theo tn hiu vo xung Clock

4/ Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca ic 74164

Nguyn l lm vic ca thanh di c 8 bit ng ra. IC lm vic nh sau: Bn xc nh trng thi bit 1 hay bit 0 trn chn A (chn 1) hay B (chn 2), tn hiu dng bit ny qua logic AND cho vo chn D ca cc Flip Flop ch cho chuyn ra trn chn Q mi khi xut hin xung nhp trn chn CP (chn 8), chn 9 l chn Reset. Tm li, nu Bn a vo bit 1 (ng vi mc volt cao) trn chn A hay B, c c mi xung nhp CP, bit 1 s ln lt xut hin ng ra trn cc chn Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7. iu ny cho thy mc p cao ln lt xut hin trn 8 ng ra (ngi ta ni bit 1 a vo v c cho di dn trn 8 ng ra). Nu Bn dng mt transistor cho o bit, i bit 1 ra bit 0

III / THIT K MCH TO XUNG. 1/ S khi:

MCH VI PHN(xung kim)

CHN 6(xung rng ca) MCH TO XUNG S DNG IC NS555

CHN 3(xung vung) MCH NG DNG(s dng IC 74164) MCH NG DNG(s dng IC 4017)

MCH CHUUYN XUNG TAM GIC (xung tam giac)

2/ S nguyn l
J1
C N -H O N 4

D 2

R 4
1 2 3 3.3 k 4

R 5
100 k

D 3 D 4 D 5

LE D

R0 1 R2 V
100 K

LE D LE D

R 100k 6 U 2
1 4 1 3 CK L E Q 0 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 5 Q 6 Q 7 Q 8 Q 9 C O 3 2 4 7 1 0 1 5 6 9 1 1 1 2 100 k

U 1
Q D C 3 7 0.1u F

R 7
100 k

D 6 D 7 R 9 D 8 D 9

VC C

C 3

LE D

C V

R 1
100 k 1 5

R 8
100 k

LE D

D 1
2 G D N T R T H 6 555 1N 9 472 A 100 K

C 4
0.047u F

R 2
47 k

R 3
3.3 k

LE D

M R 401 7

100 k

R3 V J2
2 1 S IL-100-0 2 100 K

C 1
0.01u F

R1 1
100 k

R1 V Q 1
c18 15

LE D

R2 1 C 2
2.2u F

D0 1
LE D

C 5
0.01u F

100 k

R4 1
100 k

D1 1
LE D

R3 1
9 2 1 8 100 k

D2 1
LE D LE D

U 3
7416 4

C 1/->

&
1D

S G R 8

1 3

1 2

1 1

1 0

R2 2
100 k

R1 2
100 k

R0 2
100 k

R9 1
100 k

R8 1
100 k

R7 1
100 k

R6 1
100 k

R5 1
100k

D9 1
LE D

D4 1
LE D

D3 1
LE D

D5 1
LE D

D6 1
LE D

D7 1
LE D

D8 1
LE D

D0 2
LE D

3/ Nguyn l hot ng. *Mch to xung dng ic555: Nguyn l to ra xung ca ic 555 gi thiu trn nhng mch ny s dng diode zener ni t chn 7 xung chn 6 c tc dng cn bng thi gian x v np ca t C2 khi gi tr in tr ni t chn 6 n chn 7 v t chn 7 n chn 8 bng nhau. iu chnh tn s ta mc bin tr i c tc dng tng gim thi gian np x ca t v hai gi tr in tr ny cng tng hoc cng gim bng nhau t rng xung c iu chnh m khng lm bin i dng xung. iu chnh bin lp bin tr ngun vo mch ti chn 8 ca ic 555 *Mch vi phn Ti chn s 3 ic 555 ly xung vung qua mch vi phn ta thu c xung kim *Mch to xung tam gic Ti chn 3 ca ic 555 ly xung vung qua mch to xung tam gic n gin s dng transistor thu c xung tam gic u ra ca mch *Mch ng dng s dng ic 4017 Ti chn 3 ca ic 555 ly xung vung dn n chn 14 ca ic4017,ic 4017 c tc dng tch xung chia ra 10 ng ra c dn n 10 con LED. Mi con LED

sng trong thi gian 1 chu k ca xung.thi gian con LED th nht sng n con led th 10 l 10T. *Mch ng dng s dng ic 74164 Cng ly xung t chn 3 a vo chn 8 ca ic 74164,lp v hot ng theo s nguyn l gii thiu trn. *Cc ng ra ca xung - Xung vung ti chn s 3 ca ic555 - Xung rng ca ti chn s 6 ca ic555 - Xung kim ti ng ra ca mch vi phn - Xung tam gic tai ng ra cua mch to xung tam gic n gin. IV/ SN PHM Phn mm lm ti: PROTUES,WORD. Sn phm c lm t cc linh kin in t c gn trn mch ng.

*****HT*****