401-387-047R2 4 0 Alcatel-Lucent Small Cell Mobility Management SDS (Issue 1 April 2011)

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Title page
Alcatel-Lucent 9360
Small Cell | Release 2.4.0
Mobility Management System Definition Specification
Alcatel-Lucent Proprietary
401-387-047
Issue 1
April 2011

Legal notice
Legal notice
Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their respective
owners.
The information presented is subject to change without notice. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies contained herein.
Copyright 2011 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.
Contains proprietary/trade secret information which is the property of Alcatel-Lucent and must not be made available to, or copied or used by anyone outside
Alcatel-Lucent without its written authorization.
Not to be used or disclosed except in accordance with applicable agreements.
Contents
About this document
Purpose
............................................................................................................................................................................................. xi
xi
Reason for revision
...................................................................................................................................................................... xi
xi
New in this release
....................................................................................................................................................................... xi
xi
Intended audience
....................................................................................................................................................................... xii
xii
How to use this document

Vocabulary conventions
........................................................................................................................................................ xii
xii
............................................................................................................................................................ xii
xii
Typographical conventions
Document support
.................................................................................................................................................................... xiii
xiii
Technical support
...................................................................................................................................................................... xiii
xiii
How to order
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How to comment
1
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Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter frequency)

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1-1
Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter frequency) ............................................................... 1-2
1-2
Small Cell/Macro cell reselection ....................................................................................................................................... 1-5
1-5
Reselection recommendations .............................................................................................................................................. 1-7
1-7
Cell reselection requirements ............................................................................................................................................. 1-13
1-13
Cell selection and reselection parameters ...................................................................................................................... 1-18
1-18
Handover from Small Cell to macro 3G

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2-1
Handover from Small Cell to macro 3G ........................................................................................................................... 2-2
2-2
Handover methods .................................................................................................................................................................... 2-5
2-5
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Contents
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Handover to 3G macrocell ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-9

2-9
Handover parameters
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-11
2-11
Attempted Small Cell to W-CDMA measurement ..................................................................................................... 2-15

2-15
Successful Small Cell to UMTS measurement ............................................................................................................ 2-17
2-17
3

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3-1
Handover Small Cell to macro 2G
..................................................................................................................................... 3-2
3-2
Handover methods .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-5

3-5
Handover to 2G macrocell ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-6
3-6
Handover parameters ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-8
3-8
Attempted Small Cell to GSM measurement
................................................................................................................. 3-9
3-9
Successful Small Cell to GSM measurement ............................................................................................................... 3-10

3-10
4
Hierarchical Cell Structure

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4-1
Hierarchical Cell Structure .................................................................................................................................................... 4-2
4-2
Cell reselection control ........................................................................................................................................................... 4-4
4-4
Network layers ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4-5
Hierarchical Cell Structure parameters ............................................................................................................................. 4-6
4-6
Small Cell to Small Cell Handover

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5-1
Small Cell to Small Cell handover ..................................................................................................................................... 5-2
5-2
Autoconfiguration and Self Optimization ........................................................................................................................ 5-4
5-4
Handover trigger and procedure .......................................................................................................................................... 5-6
5-6
Inter-Small Cell signaling interface
................................................................................................................................... 5-7
5-7
Use cases ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-9

5-9
Small Cell to Small Cell handover parameters ............................................................................................................ 5-11
5-11
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Small Cell to Small Cell Handover Improvements

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6-1
Small Cell to Small Cell Handover Improvements ...................................................................................................... 6-2
6-2
Enhanced Handover ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-4
6-4
3G Macro to Small Cell CS Handover & 2G Macro to Small Cell Handover

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-1
7-1
3G Macro to Small Cell CS Handover & 2G Macro to Small Cell Handover ................................................... 7-2
7-2
Handover from macro network to Small Cells cluster ................................................................................................ 7-5
7-5
Single Small Cell Target
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-7
7-7
Multiple Target Small Cells
.................................................................................................................................................. 7-8
7-8
Small Cell Preparation .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-10

7-10
Macro Network Considerations
........................................................................................................................................ 7-12
7-12
Macro to Small Cell Handover Parameters

8
.................................................................................................................. 7-13
7-13
Service Based Redirection and Handover to Targeted Macro Layer

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
8-1
Service based redirection and handover to targeted macro layer ............................................................................ 8-2
8-2
Service based redirection and handover to targeted macro layer description ..................................................... 8-4
8-4
OAM Model Description
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-6
8-6
Glossary
Index
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List of tables
7-1
Attributes of class BSR
......................................................................................................................................... 7-13
7-13
7-2
Attributes of class LCell
8-1
RRC Connection Mapping Table rrcMappingTable
8-2
RAB Establishment Mapping Table sBCsRabMappingTable
....................................................................................................................................... 7-16
7-16
................................................................................. 8-8
............................................................... 8-9
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List of tables
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List of figures
7-1
Small Cell PSC to Cell ID mapping
................................................................................................................... 7-8
7-2
Wrong Small Cell identified and prepared
7-3
Decreasing quality with proximity to Small Cell
.................................................................................................... 7-10
........................................................................................ 7-12
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List of figures
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About this document

About this document
Purpose
The purpose of this information product is to provide details of the following features:
Cell Reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter frequency) (34529)
Handover Small Cell to Macro 3G (34530)
Handover Small Cell to Macro 2G (34531)
Hierarchical Cell Structure (75392)
Small Cell to Small Cell Handover (75494)

Small Cell to Small Cell Handover Improvements (84331)
3G Macro to Small Cell CS Handover & 2G Macro to Small Cell Handover (75389 &
75390)
Service Based Redirection and Handover to Targeted Macro Layer (10889)
Reason for revision
The reissue reasons are:

Issue number
Issue date
Reason for reissue
April 22, 2011
Standard
0.1
September 30, 2010
Preliminary
New in this release
This section details what is new in the Alcatel-Lucent 9360 Small Cell Solution Mobility
Management System Definition Specification, 401-387-047 for Release 2.4.0.
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About this document

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Features
The following features have been implemented in release 2.4.0:
Handover Small Cell to Macro 2G (34531), see Chapter 3, Handover from Small
Cell to macro 2G
Handover Small Cell to Macro 3G (34530), see Chapter 2, Handover from Small
Cell to macro 3G
Small Cell to Small Cell Handover Improvements (84331), see Chapter 6, Small Cell
to Small Cell Handover Improvements
3G Macro to Small Cell CS Handover & 2G Macro to Small Cell Handover (75389 &
75390), see Chapter 7, 3G Macro to Small Cell CS Handover & 2G Macro to Small
Cell Handover
Service Based Redirection and Handover to Targeted Macro Layer (10889), see
Chapter 8, Service Based Redirection and Handover to Targeted Macro Layer
Other changes
BSR Femto has been changed to Small Cell

Femto Management System (FMS) has been changed to Small Cell Management
System (SCMS)
BSR Cluster had been changed to Small Cells Cluster
BSR Femto Gateway has been changed to BSR Signaling Gateway
Brick has been changed to Security Gateway.
Minor editorial changes.
Intended audience
The primary audience for this IP is personnel who work with the Small Cell in one of the
following capacities:
Network Operation and Maintenance Specialists

System Administrators
Engineers with responsibility for network planning, design, configuration, or

optimization
How to use this document
Refer to this document for information on the Mobility Management features.

Vocabulary conventions
None.
Typographical conventions
No special conventions are used in this information product.

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About this document

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Document support
For support in using this or any other Alcatel-Lucent document, contact Alcatel-Lucent at
one of the following telephone numbers:
1-888-582-3688 (for the United States)

1-317-377-8618 (for all other countries)
Technical support
For technical support on the product, contact your local Alcatel-Lucent customer support
team. See the Alcatel-Lucent Support web site (http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/support/)
for contact information.
How to order
To order Alcatel-Lucent documents, contact your local sales representative or use Online
Customer Support (OLCS) (http://support.alcatel-lucent.com).
How to comment
To comment on this document, go to the Online Comment Form (http://infodoc.alcatellucent.com/comments/enus/) or e-mail your comments to the Comments Hotline
(comments@alcatel-lucent.com).
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About this document

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1 ell reselection to/from

C
macro layer (2G or 3G,
intra/inter frequency)
Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes the cell reselection (34529) feature.

Contents
Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter frequency)
1-2
Small Cell/Macro cell reselection
1-5
Reselection recommendations
1-7
Cell reselection requirements
1-13
Cell selection and reselection parameters
1-18
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Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter

frequency)

frequency)
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

frequency)
Feature number
Feature number 34529.

Feature description
The Small Cell supports Small Cell co-deployment in UMTS and/or GSM macro
networks. Cell reselection is supported to and from UMTS macro cells on the same or
different UMTS frequencies, and to and from GSM macro cells.
For cell reselection from the Small Cell, the Small Cell broadcasts the following with
their associated cell selection and reselection parameters in SIB11:
intra-frequency neighbour cells

inter-frequency neighbour cells
GSM neighbour cells
Auto-configuration, self-configuration and self-optimisation procedures determine the

neighbour cells.
For cell reselection to the Small Cell, the macro cells must broadcast the frequency and
primary scrambling code of the Small Cells with associated cell selection and reselection
parameters.
Two main rules determine cell reselection to and from the Small Cell:
The UE camps on a Small Cell as soon as Small Cell coverage is provided.
The UE camps on the Small Cell, even when macro cell quality is better than Small
Cell quality in a relevant range, such as when the Small Cell is near a macro base
station.
The mechanisms described below ensure that these rules are adhered to.
3G Macro to and from Small Cell
The Small Cell is capable of supporting cell reselection based on the minimum coverage
thresholds (Sintrasearch, Sintersearch, Treselection and offsets). A hysteresis mechanism
ensures that a mobile device in idle mode, moving from the indoor environment to the
immediate outdoor environment, or from the outdoor environment to an indoor
environment, stays attached to the Small Cell as long as the quality of the signal from the
Small Cell is sufficient in the immediate outdoor environment.
To favour cell reselection from the macro cell to the Small Cell as soon as the Small Cell
is considered to be of suitable quality, the UMTS macro cells broadcast scrambling codes
reserved for Small Cell in the neighbour cell list of SIB11/12. To prioritise the Small Cell
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frequency)
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for cell reselection, the Qoffset parameters of the Small Cell neighbour cells should be set
to a very low value for all Small Cell neighbour cells. As soon as a UE considers a Small
Cell to be suitable, it will reselect to the Small Cell due to the low Qoffset value.
The strategy for outgoing inter/intra-frequency cell reselection from a Small Cell to a
macro cell is that the UE remains as long as possible on the Small Cell.
The main Small Cell parameters to control cell reselection toward the macro cell are:
Qqualmin/Qrxlevmin, SintraSearch, Sintersearch, Qhyst1/Qhyst2 and Treselection for

the serving cell (Small Cell). These parameters are broadcast by the Small Cell in
SIB3 messages.
Qqualmin/Qrxlevmin and Qoffset1/Qoffset2 for the macro neighbour cells. These are
broadcast by the Small Cell in SIB11 messages.
Based on the cell re-selection parameters, the UE performs cell reselection from the Small
Cell to a macro cell. To ensure the UE stays on the Small Cell as long as possible, the
main parameters to use are the search parameters. Alcatel-Lucent recommends that you
use low Qqualmin/Qrxlevmin and SintraSearch/SinterSearch values. If cell reselection
between Small Cells is enabled, Qoffset1/Qoffset2 can be used to penalize macro cells and
prioritize Small Cells. Then the Treselection timer is used to ensure that temporary RF
fluctuations do not cause cell reselection to the macro cell network.
2G Macro to and from Small Cell
The GSM macro cell broadcasts UMTS frequency and scrambling codes reserved for
Small Cells in the UMTS neighbour cell list. To prioritise the Small Cell for cell
reselection, the GSM macro network favours the Small Cell UMTS neighbour cells by a
very low offset value (FDD_Offset). When a UE camps on a GSM macro cell, it
considers a Small Cell UMTS neighbour cell to be suitable, if the FDD_Qmin and
RSCP_min values are fulfilled. That is, the UE must be close enough to the Small Cell.
The FDD_Qmin and RSCP_min parameters are expected to be the main tuning parameters
on the GSM system. If the GSM system supports RSCP_min, then Alcatel-Lucent
recommends that FDD_Qmin and RSCP_min are broadcast per UMTS Small Cell on the
GSM system.
Small Cell-Small Cell reselection
The Alcatel-Lucent Small Cell Solution supports Small Cell-Small Cell reselection.
However, this capability is not used for closed access Small Cells.
Feature benefits
As an enhancement to basic idle mode mobility support to end users, this feature provides
a relative stickiness to the Small Cell. This feature prevents ping-pong affects between the
Small Cell and the macro layers.
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frequency)

frequency)
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Impacted systems
Small Cell
Dependencies
Hardware
None
Software
None
Feature
Auto-configuration, self-optimisation
Interworking
CN must support cell selection/reselection

procedure.
Devices
None
Standards
TS25.331
Reference documents
None
Restrictions and limitations
A number of interactions exist with the access restriction capability of the Small Cell. In
closed access mode, only UEs with access rights are allowed to camp on the Small Cell.
Engineering impacts
To achieve the required behaviour, tuning is required for the cell reselection parameters
associated with both the Small Cells (broadcast by the macro cells) and the macro cells
(broadcast by the Small Cells).
Operational requirements
Small Cell provides configuration management for:
Macro cell broadcast parameters (used in SIB11).

Small Cell broadcast parameters (used in SIB3).
Feature type
Basic
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Cell reselection goal
The goal of the cell reselection procedure is always to camp on a suitable cell. When
camped normally, the UE monitors relevant system information (SIB3 and SIB11) and
performs the measurements required for the cell reselection procedure, that is, the
procedure to find the most appropriate cell.
The UE performs the cell reselection procedure as defined by the 3GPP standards. Small
Cell broadcasts the cell reselection parameters for the serving cell and the neighbour cells
in the system information.
Cell reselection starts with UE measurements, followed by cell ranking followed by the
cell reselection procedure.
Parameters for 3G macro cell resection
The Small Cell broadcasts the neighbour cell list and parameters for measurements in the
system information. If the serving cell quality is below certain thresholds, the UE
measures the neighbour cells. The thresholds are specific for measuring intra-frequency
neighbour cells and inter-frequency neighbour cells.
Parameter
Description
Qqualmin
Minimum quality Ec/No of CPICH in the

serving cell in dB.
Qrxlevmin
Minimum Rx level of CPICH in the serving

cell in dBm.
Sintrasearch
Threshold for serving cell quality to start/stop

intra-frequency measurements. This threshold
is relative to Qqualmin.
Sintersearch
Threshold for serving cell quality to start/stop

inter-frequency measurements. This threshold
is relative to Qqualmin.
Cell ranking for 3G macro cells
All cells fulfilling the selection criterion S and the evaluation criteria to start measuring
other suitable cells defined by the thresholds in Parameters for 3G macro cell resection
(p. 1-5) are ranked. The UE uses the cell-ranking criterion R:
Equation 1: Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts (for serving cell)
Equation 2: Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n (for neighbour cells)
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Qmeas,s: Measured quality of serving cell (CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/N0)

Qmeas,n: Measured quality of neighbour cell (CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/N0)
The hysteresis value Qhysts is used to favor the serving cell. The offset value Qoffsets,n
may favor (negative value) or penalize (positive value) a neighbour cell.
Small Cell broadcasts the hysteresis value Qhysts for the serving cell and the offset values
Qoffsets,n for the neighbour cells. The UE calculates the R values using the formulas
above and performs cell reselection to the best-ranked cell.
GSM to UMTS cell reselection
The UE selects a suitable UMTS cell, if the UMTS cell fulfils the following criteria for a
period of 5 seconds:
Measured RSCP value > RLA_C FDD_Qoffset for all GSM cells
Measured Ec/No >= FDD_Qmin FDD_Qmin_Offset
Measured RSCP value >= FDD_RSCP_threshold
Parameters for 2G macro cell reselection

Parameter
Description
FDD_Qmin
Minimum threshold for Ec/No for UMTS

FDD cell reselection.
FDD_RSCPmin
Minimum threshold of RSCP for UMTS FDD

cell reselection.
Qsearch_I
Search for UMTS cells if signal level is below

or above threshold.
FDD_Qoffset
Applies an offset to RLA_C for cell

reselection to UMTS FDD cells.
FDD_Qmin_Offset
Applies an offset to FDD_Qmin value

(optional).
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Overview
This topic analyses the Macro and Small Cell coverage comparison in a building. Cell
selection and reselection results and recommended parameter settings are presented.
Macro and Small Cell indoor coverage
The scenario investigated here corresponds to one Small Cell per apartment. There are
four apartments on each floor, as shown in the following diagram, within a multi-storey
apartment building. The red stars represent the Small Cell location in the apartments.
Apartment layout in apartment building
It is assumed that macro and Small Cells are operating at different frequencies and that
the other related parameters used in the simulations are:
Power settings:
Macro Cell Tx Power = 20 W, Pilot Power = 2 W

Small Cell Tx Power = 1 mW, Pilot Power = 0.1 mW
Indoor shadow fading parameters:
Shadow fading space correlation length = 0.5 meters

Shadow fading standard deviation = 4 dB
Site to site shadow fading correlation = 0.5
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Wall and penetration losses
Small Cell location in the apartment is indicated by the red stars in Apartment layout in
apartment building (p. 1-7). Different floor and wall penetration losses are as assumed in
the following table.
Wall Type
Penetration Loss (dB)
External wall
15
Window
Indoor
Outdoor
30
Internal wall
10
Flat floor loss
20
Indoor floor
The apartment building can be located anywhere within the underlying macro cell
network coverage area, as shown in the following diagram, where the coordinates are in
meters. The red square indicates the location of the apartment building in the underlying
macro cell network.
Macro Cell Pilot
Macro Cell Pilot RSCP in dBm (p. 1-9) shows the macro cell pilot RSCP coverage in
the area around the building (in dBm). There is a strong macro cell pilot signal strength in
the building close to the windows. In the centre of the building, the signal strength is
reduced significantly due to wall penetration losses.
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Macro Cell Pilot Ec/Io in dB (p. 1-10) shows the macro cell pilot Ec/Io in the area
around the building (in dB). The macro cell maintains acceptable coverage within the
building on a separate frequency.
Macro Cell Pilot RSCP in dBm
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Macro Cell Pilot Ec/Io in dB
Small Cell Pilot
Small Cell Pilot RSCP in dBm (p. 1-11) and Small Cell Pilot Ec/Io (dB) coverage
plot (p. 1-11) show the Small Cell pilot RSCP and Ec/Io coverage. There is still some
Small Cell coverage outside the apartments with pilot power of -10dBm. Due to mutual
interferences among Small Cells, some areas in the building may not have good pilot
Ec/Io coverage.
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Small Cell Pilot RSCP in dBm
Small Cell Pilot Ec/Io (dB) coverage plot
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Strategy for cell reselection
The strategy for inter-frequency cell reselection is that a UE changes to the Small Cell as
soon as the Small Cell coverage reaches a certain quality. The Small Cell is then
considered to be suitable.
As described previously, the UMTS macro cells broadcast scrambling codes reserved for
Small Cell in the inter-frequency neighbor cell list of SIB11. To prioritize the Small Cell
for cell reselection, the Qoffset parameters of the Small Cell inter-frequency neighbor
cells must be set to a very low value (negative value) for all Small Cell neighbor cells. As
soon as a UE considers a Small Cell to be suitable, it reselects the Small Cell due to the
low Qoffset value.
Cell selection criteria
The UE considers the Small Cell to be suitable only if the cell selection criteria are
fulfilled, that is, the UE must be close enough to the Small Cell. The conditions of the cell
selection criteria can be defined in either of two ways. Cell selection criteria are either
defined by SIB3 parameters Qqualmin and Qrxlevmin or they can be tuned specifically
for the inter-frequency Small Cell, if they are broadcast in SIB11. Normally a UE does
not select a Small Cell when it passes an indoor Small Cell on the street. The parameters
Qqualmin and Qrxlevmin of the Small Cell neighbor cells are the main tuning parameters.
Measuring UMTS frequencies
To reselect an inter-frequency Small Cell from the macro network, the UE must measure
other UMTS frequencies. The parameter Sintersearch determines when the UE starts
measuring the inter-frequency macro and Small Cell neighbor cells. Sintersearch must be
set such that the UE starts with inter-frequency measurements when the quality of the
macro cell is still good. Sintersearch value may be increased depending on the current
strategy of the existing macro network.
If a UE reselects to a Small Cell to which the UE does not have access permission, then
the access restriction mechanism ensures that the UE remains camped on the macro cell.
Requirements for the 3G macro network
The macro network must support provisioning of neighbor cell specific cell
reselection parameters (Qoffset1/Qoffset2 and Qqualmin/Qrxlevmin).
The macro network must support the broadcasting of inter-frequency neighbor cells in
SIB11.
The macro network must support the broadcasting of cell reselection parameters in
SIB11 for inter-frequency cell reselection.
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The following parameters are recommended for macro cell to Small Cell reselection. The
cell selection and reselection quality measure is based on Ec/No.
Femto Qrxlevmin = -101 dBm

Femto Qqualmin = -15 dB
Femto Qoffset1 = -40 dB
Femto Qoffset2 = -40 dB

Sintersearch = 14 dB
UE serving areas (p. 1-14) indicates the simulated UE serving area between macro and
Small Cell based on the macro network cell re-selection parameter setting. The brown
area means that the UE is registered on the macro cell and the purple area means that the
UE is registered on the Small Cell.
UE serving areas
Requirements for the 2G macro network
The 2G macro network must support provisioning of neighbor cell specific cell
reselection parameters (FDD_Qmin, FDD_RSCPmin, Qsearch_I, FDD_Qoffset and
FDD_Qmin_Offset).
The 2G macro network must support the broadcasting of GSM neighbor cells in
SIB11.
The 2G macro network must support the broadcasting of cell reselection parameters in
SIB11 for GSM neighbor cell reselection.
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The following parameters are recommended for 2G macro cell to Small Cell reselection:
FDD_Qmin = -14 dB
FDD_RSCPmin = -100 dBm

Qsearch_I = search always
FDD_Qoffset = minus infinite (that is, always select a cell if acceptable)
FDD_Qmin_Offset 1 = 0 (0 indicates not needed)
Optional parameter
Requirements for the Small Cell
A UE camping on a Small Cell must perform neighbor cell measurements on the macro
cell layer only when the quality of the serving Small Cell becomes weak. Therefore the
threshold parameters Sintersearch of the Small Cells must be set to a relatively low value.
The UE only considers a cell, if it fulfills cell selection criterion. The cell selection
threshold parameters Qqualmin and Qrxlevmin are set accordingly.
The cell selection threshold parameters Qqualmin and Qrxlevmin for the macro cells are
set to minimum service quality requirements. Alcatel-Lucent recommends setting the
threshold parameters Qqualmin and Qrxlevmin to higher values for the Small Cells, to
ensure that the Small Cell provides good service quality. The macro cell quality at the
Small Cell boundary is usually good, and the macro cell provides good service quality at
the Small Cell boundary.
The following parameters are recommended for Small Cell to Macro cell reselection.
These parameters are broadcast in the Small Cell SIB.
Femto Qrxlevmin = -111 dBm

Femto Qqualmin = -19 dB
Macro Qrxlevmin = -111 dBm
Macro Qqualmin = -19 dB

Sintersearch = 2 dB
Qhyst1 = 2
Qoffset1 = 0
Qhyst2 = 2
Qoffset2 = 0
Small Cell to macro cell reselection (p. 1-16) shows the simulated UE serving area
between the macro cell and the Small Cell, based on the Small Cell reselection parameter
settings. The brown area indicates that the UE is registered on the Small Cell. The purple
area indicates that the UE is registered on a macro cell.
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Small Cell to macro cell reselection
Ping pong effect
In mobility management, the ping pong effect is one of the crucial issues that must be
handled carefully. If ping pong effects cannot be avoided, many network resources are
required , leading to network overload in extreme cases. Ping pong effect
(p. 1-17) shows the combination of UE serving areas (p. 1-14) and Small Cell to
macro cell reselection (p. 1-16). The green area indicates no ping pong effect between
macro cells and Small Cells, with the parameter values recommended here, when the UE
is not moving.
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Ping pong effect
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Overview
The Small Cell supports broadcast of the cell selection and reselection parameters in
system information messages. These parameters are specific to the serving cell and the
neighbouring cells.
A UE in idle mode reads the System Information Block (SIB) 3 and SIB 11 message for
cell selection and reselection.
Configuration
The cell selection/reselection parameters can be configured using the Small Cell
Management System (SCMS). The parameters are part of a Small Cell profile. The Small
Cells defined in the same profile share common configuration values.
Attributes of LCell class: Serving Small Cell
Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
sIntraSearch
Specifies the intra-frequency specific

threshold (in dB) in the serving Small Cell
used in the intra frequency measurement
rules for cell reselection.
integer
(-32..20),
step=2,
unit=dB
sInterSearch
Specifies the inter-frequency specific

used in the inter frequency measurement
rules for cell reselection.
integer
(-32..20),
step=2,
unit=dB
sSearchRAT
Specifies the inter-RAT specific quality

used in the inter-RAT measurement rules
for cell re-selection.
integer
(-32..20),
step=2,
unit=dB
qQualmin
Specifies the minimum required quality

level in the serving cell (dB). Applicable for
intra-frequency and inter-frequency cell
reselection only if the quality measure for
cell selection and re-selection is set to
CPICH Ec/No. Used in the cell selection
criterion S.
integer
(-24..0),
unit=dB
qRxLevMin
Specifies the minimum required RX level

in the serving cell in dBm. Used in the cell
selection criterion S.
integer
(-115..-25),
step=2,
unit=dB
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Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
sib3qHyst1s
Specifies the hysteresis value for the

serving cell. Used in cell ranking criterion
R.
integer
(0..40), step=2,
unit=dB
sib3qHyst2s

serving cell. Used as second cell Ranking
criterion R if the quality measure for cell
selection and re-selection is set to CPICH
Ec/No.
integer
(0..40), step=2,
unit=dB
sIB3Inter- FreqScalingFactor
Specifies the scaling factor to be used by

the UE for scaling the parameter
Treselection for inter-frequency cell
reselection.
real
[1.00.. 4.75],
step=0.25,
precision=2
maxAllowedULTXPower
Specifies the maximum TX power level a

UE can use when accessing the serving
Small Cell on RACH.
integer
(-50..33),
unit=dBm
sIB3CrQuality- Measure
Selection of the use of Ec/N0 or RSCP as

the quality measure for cell reselection.
enum
MeasurementQuality
sib4qHyst1sPCH

serving cell. Used by the UE in the
URA_PCH state if included in the SIB 4.
Used in cell Ranking criteria R.
integer
(0..40),
unit=dB
sib4qHyst2sPCH

serving cell. Used by the UE in URA_PCH
state if included in the SIB 4. Used as
second cell Ranking criteria R by the UE.
integer
(0..40),
unit=dB
sIB3InterRATScalingFactor Specifies the scaling factor to be used by

the UE for scaling the parameter
Treselection for inter-RAT cell reselection.
real
[1.00..4.75],
step=0.25,
precision=2
sHCSRAT
Specifies the RSCP threshold in the serving

Small Cell used in the inter-RAT
measurement rules for cell reselection.
Provisioning of a negative value disables
the RCSP triggered GSM measurements.
integer
(-1..91) step=2,
unit=dB
sSearchHCS
Specifies the RSCP threshold in the serving

Small Cell used in the inter-frequency
measurement rules for cell re-selection.
Provisioning of a negative value disables
the RCSP triggered inter-frequency
measurements.
integer
(-1..91) step=2,
unit=dB
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Global definitions: Small Cell neighbour cell
The following parameters exist for each Small Cell neighbour cell.
Type
Parameter
Description
Syntax
Permitted
values
InterBSRCellRsInfo
qOffset1s
Specifies the offset between

the serving and neighbour cell.
Used when the quality
measure for cell selection and
re-selection is set to CPICH
RSCP.
integer
(-50..50),
unit=dB
InterBSRCellRsInfo
qOffset2s

the serving and neighbour
cells. Used when the quality
measure for cell selection and
reselection is set to CPICH
Ec/No. Used in second cell
ranking criterion R.
integer
(-50..50),
unit=dB
InterBSRCellRsInfo
maxAllowedULTXPwr
Specifies the maximum TX

power level a UE can use
when accessing the neighbour
Small Cell on RACH.
integer
(-50..33),
unit=dBm
InterBSRCellRsInfo
qQualMin
Specfies the minimum

required quality level in the
neighbour cell (dB).
integer
(-24..0),
unit=dB
InterBSRCellRsInfo
qRxLevMin
Specifies the minimum

required RX level in the
neighbour cell (dBm).
integer
(-115..-25),
step=2,
unit=dBm
InterBSRCellRsInfo
enableBroadcast
Enables or disables broadcast

of Small Cells for cell
reselection.
Boolean
InterBSRCellRsInfo
individualOffset
Specifies an offset, which is

added to the measurement
quantity before the UE
evaluates if an event has
occurred.
real
(-10.0..10.0),
precision=1,
step= 0.5,
unit=dB
3G Global definitions: 3G Macro neighbour cell
The following parameters exist for all macro neighbour cells.
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Type
Parameter
Description
Syntax
Permitted
values
UmtsMacroCellRsInfo
qOffset1s

the serving Small Cell and
neighbour UMTS cell. Used
when the quality measure for
cell selection and re-selection
is set to CPICH RSCP.
integer
(-50..50),
unit=dB
UmtsMacroCellRsInfo
qOffset2s

the serving Small Cell and
neighbour UMTS cells. Used
when the quality measure for
cell selection and re-selection
is set to CPICH Ec/No. Used
in second cell ranking criteria
R.
integer
(-50..50),
unit=dB
UmtsMacroCellRsInfo
maxAllowedULTXPwr

power level a UE may use
when accessing the neighbour
UMTS cell on RACH.
integer
(-50..33),
unit=dBm
UmtsMacroCellRsInfo
qQualMin

required quality level in the
neighbour UMTS cell (dB).
integer
(-24..0),
unit=dB
UmtsMacroCellRsInfo
qRxLevMin

required RX level in the
neighbour UMTS cell (dBm).
integer
(-115..-25),
step=2,
unit=dBm
UmtsMacroCellRsInfo
enableBroadcast
Indicates whether the UMTS

macro neighbour cell should
be broadcast in the SIB of the
serving cell.
boolean
If true, the UMTS macro

neighbour cell is broadcast in
the SIB of the serving cell.
UmtsMacroCellRsInfo
individualOffset

occurred.
real
(-10.0..10.0),
precision=1,
step= 0.5,
unit=dB
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Global definitions: Inter-RAT neighbour cell
The following parameters exist for all inter-RAT neighbour cells.

Type
Parameter
Description
Syntax
Permitted
values
GsmMacroCellRsInfo
qOffset1s
Specifies the offset between the

serving Small Cell and
neighbour GSM cell (CPICH
RSSI).
integer
(-50..50),
unit=dB
GsmMacroCellRsInfo
maxAllowedULTXPwr

power level a UE can use when
accessing the neighbour GSM
cell on RACH.
integer
(-50..33),
unit=dBm
GsmMacroCellRsInfo
qRxLevMin
Specifies the minimum required

RX level in the neighbour GSM
cell (dBm).
integer
(-115..-25),
step=2,
unit=dBm
GsmMacroCellRsInfo
enableBroadcast
Indicates whether the inter-RAT

neighbour cell is broadcast in
the SIB of the serving cell.
Boolean
If true, the inter-RAT neighbour

cell is broadcast in the SIB of
the serving cell.
GsmMacroCellRsInfo
cellIndividualOffset

occurred.
real
(-50..50),
unit=dB
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2 andover from Small Cell

H
to macro 3G
Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes the handover from Small Cell to macro 3G (34530) feature.
Contents
2-2
Handover methods
2-5
Handover to 3G macrocell
2-9
Handover parameters
2-11
Attempted Small Cell to W-CDMA measurement
2-15
Successful Small Cell to UMTS measurement
2-17
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Feature number

Feature description
The Small Cell supports blind hard handover from the Small Cell to a macro 3G cell
(intra-frequency and inter-frequency) for CS voice calls. The handover to the macro 3G
cell occurs when the Small Cell coverage or signal strength falls below an acceptable
level.
Blind handover is the preferred method for handover from Small Cell to macro cell,
because it allows the fast mobility procedure execution required for residential indoor
coverage due to round-the-corner effects.
Handover between the Small Cell and the macro network is performed using the RANAP
relocation procedure (also known as an SRNS relocation UE involved). This procedure
performs a handover of the call between two IuCS interfaces. That is, between two RNCs
(Small Cell and macro RNC). The Small Cell monitors the Small Cell quality and level
using UE event triggered intra-frequency measurements (event 2D) with measurement
quantities EcNo and RSCP.
This feature assumes that the auto-configuration and self-optimisation functions provide
the information required by the Small Cell Mobility Management function for HO to 3G
macro cells.
Handover scenario
A handover from the Small Cell to a 3G macro cell involves the following steps:
1. The source Small Cell initiates handover by sending the RANAP Relocation Required
message to the 3G-MSC.
2. An inter-MSC or intra-MSC SRNS relocation procedure is executed. The source
Small Cell is the source RNC in this procedure.
3. To switch the traffic, the 3G-MSC sets up a new IuCS connection to the Target RNC
(blue link) before releasing the previous IuCS connection to the source Small Cell
(brown link).
These steps are illustrated in the following diagram. The diagram does not show any
firewalls.
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Feature benefits
Service continuity is a high value feature for the Small Cell. Dropped calls when the user
leaves the Small Cell coverage area are avoided by using intra-frequency and
inter-frequency handover from the Small Cell to 3G macro cell.
Impacted systems
Small Cell, BSG
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Dependencies
Hardware
None
Software
None
Feature
Autoconfiguration
Interworking
The UMTS network (UTRAN and CN) must

support interfrequency and intrafrequency
UMTS hard handover for CS.
Devices
None
Standards
23.009 R6 Handover Procedures

25.331 R6 RRC Protocol Specification
25.413 R6 UTRAN Iu Interface RANAP
Signaling
Reference documents
None
This feature implements blind handover only. All target cells with a configurable
minimum level are considered for handover. If the handover fails, it retries to the next
best cell.
Engineering impacts
None
Counters
Call handover success rate is operator

viewable.
Configuration management and parameters
The Small Cell supports the full set of event

2D parameters separately for EcNo and RSCP
measurements. Therefore the following
parameters are required twice:
threshold
timeToTrigger
hysteresis
Feature type
Optional
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Handover methods
Supported methods of handover
Small Cell Solution supports outgoing hard handover of CS voice calls to:
Inter-frequency macro cells

Intra-frequency macro cells
Inter-RAT GSM cells
Note: This is a subsection of the 3G macro handover section but also includes aspects
of the inter-RAT HO.
Deployment scenarios
The following diagram shows the Small Cell deployment scenario within a macro
network. The macro network can be UMTS inter- or intra-frequency, inter-RAT to GSM,
or a combination of the layers.
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Macro Cells
Femto-BSRs
Small
Cells
Handover
Femto
to
Handoverfrom
from
Small
macro
cellMacro cell
Cells to
Target layer determination
The Small Cell determines if, and to which target layer, handover is applicable. The Small
Cell reevaluates this after each:
Iu connection establishment
RAB set up or deletion (for example, triggered by RANAP RAB Assignment, Iu

Release, Reset)
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The following table shows the relevant MIM parameters for the handover decision
dependent on the established RABs and Iu connections:
Iu / RAB combination
Configuration option
Parameter
IuCS
Options: disable, gsm, fdd,

gsmPreferred, fddPreferred
LCell::targetHOCS
IuCS + IuPS
Options: disable, gsm, fdd,

gsmPreferred, fddPreferred
LCell::targetHOCSPS
In the current version of the Small Cell:
Handover is only applicable if the UE has a CS voice RAB

Handover of PS RABs is not supported
The Small Cell determines the target cell list, and the start and end measurements
depending on the applicability of the handover. And if applicable, the Small Cell
determines the target layer.
Handover target determination
The Small Cell determines the target based on the relevant parameter
LCell::targetHOCS/targetHOCSPS (as per established Iu connections) and the target cell
availability as shown in the following table:
Note: Handover is only applicable if the UE has a CS voice RAB. If the UE has no CS
voice RAB, then handover is disabled.
The settings in this table apply to Small Cell handover to 3G (34530) and Small Cell
handover to 2G (34531):
Setting of LCell::targetHO
Target cell availability
Handover decision
disabled
any
Handover is disabled
any
none
gsm
2G (plus optional 3G)
Handover to 2G
gsm
3G
fdd
3G (plus optional 2G)
Handover to 3G
fdd
2G
gsmPreferred
2G
Handover to 2G
gsmPreferred
2G + 3G
Handover to 2G. Fallback to

3G possible if 2G handover
fails.
gsmPreferred
3G
Handover to 3G
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Setting of LCell::targetHO
Target cell availability
Handover decision
fddPreferred
2G
Handover to 2G
fddPreferred
2G + 3G
Handover to 3G. Fallback to

2G possible if 3G handover
fails.
fddPreferred
3G
Handover to 3G
If at least one suitable 3G cell is found, then the Small Cell assumes 3G target cells to be
available.
The Small Cell builds an internal sorted list of all suitable 3G cells (blindHO3GList) with
decreasing level, based on EcNo if available, else based on RSCP.
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SRNS relocation
The Handover to 3G macro cell (intra- or inter-frequency hard handover) involves the
SRNS relocation procedure. Initially the Small Cell supports relocation of CS
connections.
Simultaneous PS connections are released before the relocation occurs.
The Small Cell performs the following main tasks for the SRNS relocation procedure:
Send Relocation Required message to the CN
Supervise the Relocation Preparation procedure

Transfer the RRC Handover message (for example, Radio Bearer Reconfiguration)
received from the target RNC to the UE
Supervise the handover to 3G procedure

Release the Small Cell resources and remove the call context after successful
handover to 3G
Cancel the Relocation procedure and continue the call in Small Cell after unsuccessful
relocation preparation or unsuccessful handover with UE returning to Small Cell
Initiate the call release if the UE connection is lost during handover
Coordinate the SRNS relocation with other interacting procedures
SRNS Relocation for CS Domain
This diagram shows an overview of the whole procedure at IuCS, including interworking
within the UTRAN and the CN. The example includes change of MSC and related
inter-MSC messages.
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Handover parameters
Attributes of Class BSR: Handover
Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
tHandoverGuard
Specifies the length of time handover

attempts are disabled.
integer
(1..60), unit=secs
If handover fails and no alternative

target is available, then further
handover attempts are disabled for
this length of time.
tRelocOverall
Specifies the length of time the Small

Cell will wait for an Iu Release
command from the core network after
receiving an Iu RELOCATION
COMMAND message.
integer
(1..30), unit=secs
tRelocPrep
Specifies the length of time the Small

Cell will wait for a response from the
core network after sending
RELOCATION REQUIRED message
to the CN.
integer
(1..180), unit=secs
Attributes of class LCell: Handover

Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
BlindHO2d2fEcno
Specifies the threshold for sending a 2d

measurement report.
integer
(24..0), unit=dB,
step=1
integer
(24..0), unit=dB,
step=1
threshold2d
If the measured EcNo value of the used

frequency falls below the value
(threshold2d hysteresis2d/2) for the time
timeToTrigger2d then blind HO is triggered.
BlindHO2d2fEcno
threshold2f
Specifies the threshold for sending a 2f

measurement report.
If the measured EcNo value of the used
frequency rises above the value (threshold2f
+ hysteresis2f/2) for the time
timeToTrigger2f then HO due to EcNo is no
longer necessary.
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Parameter
Description
Syntax
BlindHO2d2fEcno
Specifies the period of time during which

the event condition must be satisfied, before
sending a 2d Measurement Report.
enum
TimetoTrigger
timeToTrigger2d
Values
If the measured EcNo value of the

frequency used falls below the value
BlindHO2d2fEcno
timeToTrigger2f

sending a 2f Measurement Report.
enum
TimetoTrigger

frequency used rises above the value
(threshold2f + hysteresis2f/2) for the time
longer necessary.
BlindHO2d2fEcno
hysteresis2d
Specifies the hysteresis value for the 2d

measurement report.
real
(0.0..14.5),
unit=dB,
step=0.5,
precision=1
real
(0.0..14.5),
unit=dB,
step=-++0.5,
precision=1
integer
(-115.. 25),
unit=dBm, step=1

BlindHO2d2fEcno
hysteresis2f
Specifies the hysteresis value for the 2f

measurement report.
longer necessary.
BlindHO2d2fRscp
threshold2d
Specifies the threshold for sending a 2d

measurement report.
If the measured RSCP value of the
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Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
BlindHO2d2fRscp
Specifies the threshold for sending a 2f

measurement report.
integer
(115.. 25),
unit=dBm, step=1
threshold2f

longer necessary.
BlindHO2d2fRscp
timeToTrigger2d

sending a 2d Measurement Report.
enum
TimetoTrigger
If the measured RSCP value of the used

BlindHO2d2fRscp
timeToTrigger2f

sending a 2f Measurement Report.
enum
TimetoTrigger

longer necessary.
BlindHO2d2fRscp
hysteresis2d
Specifies the hysteresis value for the 2d

measurement report.
real
(0.0..14.5),
unit=dB, step=
0.5, precision=1
real
(0.0..14.5),
unit=dB, step=
0.5, precision=1
integer
(0..49)
If the measured RSCP value of the used

BlindHO2d2fRscp
hysteresis2f
Specifies the hysteresis value for the 2f

measurement report.
longer necessary.
minBlindHoUmtsMacro EcNo
Specifies the minimum CPICH EcNo of a

macro cell for blind handover. Mapping
between the value and the real EcNo value
is given in TS25.133 Section 9.1.2.3.
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Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
minBlindHoUmtsMacro RSCP
Specifies the minimum CPICH RSCP of a

macro cell for blind handover. Mapping
between the value and the real RSCP value
is given in TS25.133 Section 9.1.1.3.
integer
(0..91)
targetHOCS
Specifies the allowed and preferred target

system for outgoing handover of UEs with
CS calls.
disable=0, gsm=1,
fdd=2,
gsmPreferred=3,
fddPreferred=4
targetHOCSPS
Specifies the allowed and preferred target

system for outgoing handover of UEs with
simultaneous CS and PS calls.
disable=0, gsm=1,
fdd=2,
gsmPreferred=3,
fddPreferred=4
intrafrequencyFilterCoefficient
Depending on the measurement quantity,

filtering is performed by the UE before UE
event evaluation.
enum
FilterCoefficient
interFreqFilterCoefficient
Specifies the inter-frequency filter

coefficient.
enum
FilterCoefficient
Depending on the measurement quantity,

filtering is performed by the UE before UE
event evaluation.
sIB3CrQuality
Measure
Indicates whether EcNo or RSCP is used as

the quality measure for cell reselection.
enum
MeasurementQuality
sIB3InterFreq
ScalingFactor
Specifies the scaling factor to be used by the

UE for scaling the parameter Treselection
for inter-frequency cell reselection.
real
[1.00.. 4.75],
step=0.25,
precision=2
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Measurement name
Attempted Small Cells Cluster to W-CDMA Hard Handovers

Description
This measurement provides the number of attempted Small Cells Cluster to W-CDMA
macro cell hard handovers.
Collection method
CC
Trigger condition
When the Small Cell sends the last handover command to the UE in a series of handover
attempts (retries), this handover attempt is for hard handover to a W-CDMA macro cell
and no further handover attempt is made because, either:
This last handover attempt was successful, or
This last handover attempt was not successful and no further possible target cell is
available while handover would still be needed.
The handover command can be one of the RRC messages: Radio Bearer Setup, Radio
Bearer Reconfiguration, Radio Bearer Release, Transport Channel Reconfiguration, or
Physical Channel Reconfiguration.
The target W-CDMA system selects the message that is actually used.
Measurement result
1 integer value
Measurement type
HHO.AttBsrUmts
Measurement basis
Cell
Measurement interface
Itf-BSR
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Switching technology
CS/PS
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Measurement name
Successful Small Cell cluster to UMTS Hard Handovers

Description
This measurement provides the number of successful Small Cell cluster to UMTS macro
cell hard handovers.
Collection method
CC
Trigger condition
Whenever the Small Cell receives Iu Release Command from the core network with
cause "Successful Relocation" or "Normal Release" during handover execution (timer
tRelocOverall is running) and the handover is a hard handover to a UMTS macro cell.
Measurement result
1 integer value
Measurement type
HHO.SuccBsrUmts
Measurement basis
Cell
Itf-BSR
CS/PS
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3 andover from Small Cell

H
to macro 2G
Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes the handover from Small Cell to macro 2G (34531) feature.
Contents
3-2
Handover methods
3-5
3-6
Handover parameters
3-8
3-9
Successful Small Cell to GSM measurement
3-10
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Feature number

Feature description
The Small Cell supports inter-RAT handover to 2G for CS voice calls when the Small cell
coverage or signal strength falls below an acceptable level. The handover is executed to a
pre-defined and optimised GSM target cell (blind handover).
As with 3G HO, blind handover is the preferred method for handover from Small cell to
macro cell, because it allows the fast mobility procedure execution required by residential
indoor coverage due to round-the-corner effects.
To facilitate this feature the Small Cell supports:
Inter-RAT relocation preparation procedure including UE capability transfer.
Handover execution procedure.
The Small Cell monitors the Small cell quality and level using measurements triggered by
UE event 2D, with measurement quantities EcNo and RSCP. Although the 2D event
measures an intra-frequency quantity, it is part of the 25.331 inter-frequency
measurements. The 2D measurement control parameters can be pre-configured.
This feature assumes that the auto-configuration and self-optimization functions provide
the information required by the GSM target cell and handoff to the Small Cell Mobility
Management function.
Feature benefits
As for 3G handover, CS call continuity to 2G network is a high value feature. Dropped

CS calls when the user leaves the Small cell coverage area are avoided with the help of
inter-RAT handover from the Small Cell to the 2G macro cell.
Impacted systems
Small Cell
Dependencies
Hardware
None
Software
None
Feature
Autoconfiguration
Self-optimisation
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Interworking
The MSC and the GSM network must support

UMTS to GSM handover for CS.
Devices
Mobile supports UMTS and GSM.
Standards
23.009 R6 Handover Procedures

25.331 R6 RRC Protocol Specification
25.413 R6 UTRAN Iu Interface RANAP
Signalling
Reference documents
None
This feature implements blind inter-RAT handover only.

All GSM target cells with a configurable minimum level are considered for handover. If
the handover fails, it retries to the next best cell.
Small to macro 2G handover is supported for CS voice calls only.
The handover is only initiated for those UEs that support GSM handover.
Engineering impacts
None
Counters
Call handover success rate must be operator

viewable.
Configuration management and parameters
The Small Cell supports the full set of 2D

parameters separately for EcNo and RSCP
measurements. Therefore the following
parameters are required twice:
threshold
timeToTrigger
hysteresis
The target GSM neighbour cell is delivered by

the auto-configuration or self-optimisation
function.
Fault management and alarms
None
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Feature type
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Handover methods
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Handover methods
Supported methods of handover
Small Cells supports outgoing hard handover of CS voice calls to inter-RAT GSM cells.
Deployment scenarios
See Deployment scenarios (p. 2-5) for more information.

Target layer determination
See Target layer determination (p. 2-6) for more information.

Handover target determination
If at least one suitable 2G cell is found then the Small Cell assumes 2G target cells are
available.
The Small Cell builds an internal sorted list of all suitable 2G cells (blindHO2GList) with
decreasing level, based on RSSI.
See the table in Handover target determination (p. 2-7) for additional information.
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CS inter-RAT Handover
The CS inter-RAT Handover involves the inter-system relocation procedure during which
the Small Cell performs the following main tasks:
Send the Relocation Required message to the CN

Supervise the Relocation Preparation procedure
Transfer the GSM handover command received from target GSM BSS to the UE
Supervise the handover to GSM procedure

Release UMTS resources and remove the call context after successful handover to
GSM
Cancel the Relocation procedure and continue the call in UMTS after unsuccessful
Relocation Preparation or unsuccessful handover with UE returning to UMTS
Initiate call release if the UE connection is lost during handover
Coordinate the inter-system relocation with other interacting procedures
Small Cell to GSM CS inter-RAT Handover
The following diagram shows the message sequence chart across the UMTS and GSM
network for performing UMTS to GSM handover. The UMTS messages related to
UTRAN are in bold text. UMTS CN and GSM internal interworking is included.
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Handover parameters
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Handover parameters
Attributes of class LCell: Blind handover
Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
minBlindHoGsmMacro
RSSI
Specifies the minimum BCCH/GSM

carrier RSSI of the GSM cell for
blind handover. Mapping between the
value and the real RSSI value is
given in TS25.133 Section 9.1.4.
integer
(0..63)
Reference
See Handover parameters (p. 2-11) for additional parameters.
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Measurement name
Attempted Small Cell cluster to GSM Hard Handovers for CS Voice.

Description
This measurement provides the number of attempted Small Cell cluster to GSM macro
cell hard handovers for CS voice calls.
Collection method
CC
Trigger condition
When the Small Cell sends the last handover command to the UE (RRC message
HANDOVER FROM UTRAN COMMAND) in a series of handover attempts (retries),
this handover attempt is for CS voice handover to a GSM macro cell and no further
handover attempt is made because, either:
This last handover attempt was successful, or

This last handover attempt was not successful and no further possible target cell is
available while handover would still be needed.
Measurement result
1 integer value
Measurement type
HHO.AttBsrGSMCSVoice
Measurement basis
Cell
Itf-BSR
CS
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Measurement name
Successful to W-CDMA GSM Handovers for CS Voice

Description
This measurement provides the number of successful Small Cells cluster to GSM macro
cell hard handovers for CS voice calls.
Collection method
CC
Trigger condition
Whenever the Small Cell receives Iu Release Command from the MSC with cause
"Successful Relocation" or "Normal Release" during handover execution (timer
tRelocOverall is running) and the handover is a handover to a GSM macro cell for CS
voice.
Measurement result
1 integer value
Measurement type
HHO.SuccBsrGSMCSVoice
Measurement basis
Cell
Itf-BSR
CS
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4
Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes the Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS) (75392) feature.
Contents
4-2
Cell reselection control
4-4
Network layers
4-5
Hierarchical Cell Structure parameters
4-6
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Feature number

Feature description
This feature enables controlling the cell reselection of UEs from Small Cell to Macro
cells using the 3GPP HCS cell reselection parameters.
HCS allows an operator to prioritise cell layers for mobiles in idle mode, and in
connected mode when supported by the Small Cell. 3GPP defines a special cell
re-selection algorithm for Hierarchical Cell Structures. This algorithm is performed by the
UE, but HCS parameters must be broadcast by the Small Cell in the system information
message, enabling the UE to run the HCS algorithm.
This feature introduces all HCS parameters defined by 3GPP in Rel-6 and covers the
configuration of the new HCS parameters.
Feature benefits
Service provider benefits
The application of HCS in the Small Cell improves the cell reselection behavior of UEs
camping on the Small Cell:
HCS allows UEs to stay in the Small Cell, even if the Small Cell quality diminishes
temporarily.
Additional HCS parameters allow more flexibility in the configuration to keep
stationary UEs in the Small Cell.
HCS provides enhanced management for the multi-layer scenario. The use of
priorities enables the preferred macro cell layer to be determined.
By better managing the reselection and minimising the cell re-selection ping-pong
between Small Cell and macro cells, NAS registration procedures and CN signalling load
can be minimised.
End user benefits
The user stays longer in their home zone and thus obtains more benefits from their home
zone tariff.
Impacted systems
Small Cell, SCMS.
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Restriction/Limitation
This feature supports the configuration of the HCS priority for three hierarchical layers:
Small Cell
UMTS
GSM
This feature does not allow the configuration of different HCS priorities for multiple
GSM and multiple Small Cell layers.
Different HCS priorities are only possible for multiple UMTS layers, if:
The UMTS macro neigbour cells have been configured manually, or

The UMTS macro cell is also using HCS, enabling the 3G network listening function
to provide the HCS priority of detected UMTS macro neighbour cells.
Feature type
Optional.
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Cell reselection
Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS) enables cell reselection control in a multi-layer

network. The HCS algorithm is based on the classical principles of the re-selection
algorithm performed by the UE but with additional capabilities to detect slow and fast
moving UEs and to act accordingly.
If HCS is supported in the serving cell, the UE supports two mobility states: the low
mobility state for slow moving UEs and the high mobility state for fast moving UEs. The
state change is based on the number of cell reselections within a certain time interval.
Cell layers
HCS allows you to prioritize cell layers by assigning an HCS priority. Larger cells should
have a lower priority than smaller cells. If moving fast, the UE selects cells with lower
priority.
HCS applied in the macro network prevents fast moving UEs from selecting a Small Cell,
but can also delay cell reselection to a Small Cell for slow moving subscribers.
Activating HCS
HCS can be activated in the Small Cell layer while not supported in the macro layer. The
use of HCS in the Small Cells does not imply that the macro network must also
implement HCS.
With HCS in the Small Cell layer, cell reselection to the macro layer can be delayed by a
penalty time for macro cells. Hence it is possible to prefer cell reselection between Small
Cells for a group deployment providing contiguous Small Cell coverage.
State and frequencies
The UE is usually in the low mobility state when camping on a Small Cell and speed
detection is switched off (for example, for residential Small Cells). However, this feature
also supports broadcast of the HCS parameters for UE speed detection, which may be
applicable for open access Small Cells enhancing the public network coverage.
This feature does not restrict the use of frequencies on Small Cell and UMTS macro
layers, for example, the Small Cell layer and the UMTS macro layer may operate on the
same or different frequencies. However Alcatel-Lucent recommends the use of different
frequencies for the Small Cell and the macro layers.
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Network layers
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Network layers
Network layers
Feature 75392 supports the following network layers:
GSM layer
UMTS layer
Small Cell layer
Cell reselection parameters can be defined for each of these layers. This defining of
parameters allows the UE's cell reselection behaviour between the layers to be controlled
and for layers to be prioritised.
HCS example
GSM Macro cell

HCS priority level 1
UMTS Macro cells

Small Cells
If the UMTS macro network has multiple layers (micro/macro cells) and more than one
macro frequency has been configured in the Small Cell, then all UMTS layers are treated
equally. The UE will always reselect to the best UMTS macro cell. The UE may then be
moved to another layer according to the HCS parameters of the macro network.
If the 3G network listener has provided the HCS priority of UMTS neighbor cells, then
the Small Cell can apply different HCS cell reselection parameters for these layers.
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Attributes of LCell class: Hierarchical Cell Structure
Parameter
Description
Syntax
enableHCS
Enables/disables the use of

hierarchical cell structure
(HCS) for cell reselection.
boolean
hcsPrioS
Specifies the HCS priority

level (0-7) for the serving cell.
HCS priority level 0 = lowest
priority, HCS priority level 7 =
highest priority.
integer
0-7
qHCSs
Specifies the quality threshold

levels for applying prioritized
hierarchical cell re-selection
for the serving cell.
integer
0-99
sLimitSearchRAT
Determines, when the UE

starts/stops performing GSM
measurements in low mobility
state when HCS is used.
integer
(-32..20), step=2,
unit=dB
tCRmax
Measurement interval for

low/high mobility detection.
enum TCRmax
nCR
Number of cell reselections

during TCRmax in order to
detect low/high mobility:
integer
tCRmaxHyst
Condition for high

mobility: Cell reselections
> NCR within TCRmax
Condition for low

mobility: Cell reselections
<= NCR within
TCRmax+TCRmaxHyst
Additional time to TCRmax

before a UE can revert to low
mobility state.
Values
1-16
enum TCRmaxHyst
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Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
sIB3SpeedDependent
ScalingFactor
Specifies the scaling

(multiplication) factor to be
used by the UE in idle mode or
RRC connected mode states
for the parameter Treselections
in case high-mobility state has
been detected.
real
(0.0..1.0), step=0.1,
precision=1
hcsCellRsInfo
Defines the HCS cell

reselection parameters for
neighbor cells dependent on
their HCS priorities.
sequence [8..8] of struct

HcsCellRsInfo
Attributes of LCell class: Non-HCS cell reselection

Parameter
Description
Syntax
nonHCStCRmax
Specifies the duration for

evaluating allowed amount of
cell reselection(s) in case of
non-HCS usage.
enum TCRmax
nonHCSnCR
Specifies the maximum

number of cell reselections in
case of non-HCS usage.
integer
nonHCStCRmaxHyst
Specifies the additional time

period before the UE can
revert to low-mobility
measurements in case of
non-HCS usage.
enum TCRmaxHyst
Values
(1..16)
Attributes of FDDExtCell class: Hierarchical Cell Structure

Parameter
Description
Permitted Values
Units
hcsPrioN
Specifies the HCS priority

level for the provisioned
UMTS macro cells. HCS
priority level 0 = lowest
highest priority. hcsPrioN > 7
indicates that no HCS priority
is assigned to the neighbor cell.
integer
(0..255)
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Global definitions: Hierarchical Cell Structure

Type
Parameter
Description
Syntax
Permitted
values
InterBSRCellRsInfo
hcsPrioN
Specifies the HCS priority level

for the Small Cell neighbors.
HCS priority level 0 = lowest
highest priority.
integer
(0..7)
UmtsMacroCellRsInfo
hcsPrioN

common for the UMTS macro
cells. HCS priority level 0 =
lowest priority, HCS priority
level 7 = highest priority.
integer
(0..7)
UmtsMacroCellRsInfo
useOfDetectedHcsPrio
Enable/disable of the use of the

HCS priority provided by the
3G sniffer for the UMTS macro
neighbour cells
boolean
GsmMacroCellRsInfo
hcsPrioN

for the GSM macro cells. HCS
highest priority.
integer
(0..7)
UmtsMacroNCell
hcsPrioN
Contains the HCS priority level

for the detected or provisioned
UMTS macro cells. HCS
highest priority. HCS priority >
7 indicates that no HCS priority
is assigned.
integer
(0..255)
integer
(0..99)
In contrast to the other

parameters, this parameter is
read only, that is, it cannot be
configured by the operator.
HcsCellRsInfo
qHCSn

levels for applying prioritised
hierarchical cell re-selection for
neighbour cells with a certain
HCS priority level.
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Type
Parameter
Description
Syntax
Permitted
values
HcsCellRsInfo
penaltyTime
Specifies the duration for which

the TEMP_OFFSET is applied
for neighbour cells with a
certain HCS priority level.
enum
PenaltyTime
HcsCellRsInfo
tempOffset1
Used to favor neighbor cells

with a certain HCS priority
level over another in case of Rx
level measurements for the
duration of the penalty time.
enum
TempOffset1
HcsCellRsInfo
tempOffset2

levels for applying prioritised
hierarchical cell re-selection for
neighbour cells with a certain
HCS priority level.
enum
TempOffset2
HcsCellRsInfo
qOffset1

serving Small Cell and the
neighbour cells for a certain
HCS priority level. This is used
in case the quality measure for
cell selection and re-selection is
set to CPICH RSCP and for first
cell ranking.
integer
(-50..50),
unit=dB
HcsCellRsInfo
qOffset2

serving Small Cell and the
neighbour cells for a certain
HCS priority level. This is used
in case the quality measure for
cell selection and re-selection is
set to CPICH Ec/No.
integer
(-50..50),
unit=dB
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S5mall Cell to Small Cell

Handover
Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes the Small Cell to Small Cell Handover (75494) feature.
Contents
Small Cell to Small Cell handover
5-2
Autoconfiguration and Self Optimization
5-4
Handover trigger and procedure
5-6
5-7
Use cases
5-9
Small Cell to Small Cell handover parameters
5-11
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Feature number

Feature description
The Small Cell supports intra-frequency hard handover between Small Cells belonging to
the same group. Small Cells are assigned to groups through the OAM. The support of
inter- Small Cell handover on a Small Cell is configurable through the OAM.
Small Cell to Small Cell handover (inter-Small Cell handover) is supported for both open
and closed access groups.
The inter-Small Cell handover algorithm is based on UE measurements of the serving and
neighboring Small Cells. The handover is triggered when the quality of a Small Cell
neighbor cell is better than the current serving Small Cell by a configurable hysteresis
value. The Small Cell neighbour list is generated automatically by using the Small Cells
network listening function (3G-sniffer). If the 3G-sniffer cannot detect the Small Cell
neighbour cells, Small Cell neighbours can be configured manually.
Inter-Small Cell handover is supported for CS voice calls. PS calls are dropped when the
coverage area of a Small Cell is left. If the user has both CS and PS calls established, then
the PS call is released and the CS call is handed over to the target Small Cell. In both
cases the PDP context of the UE is preserved in the SGSN and the UE and can be
reestablished when the UE camps on a new cell in IDLE mode or the CS handover has
been completed in connected mode.
Inter-Small Cell handover does not impact the CS core network. The handover procedure
is performed locally within the Small Cells Cluster. The source and target Small Cell must
belong to the same cluster and be connected to the same Security Gateway, which is
ensured by the SCMS through Small Cell Group Management.
Inter-Small Cell communication is performed securely through the existing IPsec tunnels
established between the Small Cells and the Security Gateway. The Security Gateway
routes the signaling IP packets between the Small Cells IPSec tunnels.
Feature benefits
Service provider benefits
The feature enables seamless services for CS voice calls in connected mode, when the
user moves between Small Cells belonging to the same group. The feature is applicable
for closed access groups and open access groups to enhance Small Cell coverage in
enterprises or public places.
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End user benefits
The feature enables Small Cell groups to be deployed providing contiguous coverage (for
example, in enterprise buildings). Without the feature, CS voice calls of subscribers are
dropped when the subscriber moves out of the coverage area of an individual Small Cell
and no coverage of a macro cell is present.
Impacted systems
Small Cell, BSG, SCMS.

Restriction/Limitation
This feature supports intra-cluster Small Cell to Small Cell handover.

Handover is not possible between Small Cells belonging to different clusters. Handover is
only supported for Small Cells belonging to the same group and between Small Cells
connected to the same Security Gateway. The SCMS ensures this for Small Cell groups.
Feature type
Optional.
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Overview
The requirements placed on autoconfiguration and self optimisation for support of Small
Cell to Small Cell handover are a subset of the autoconfiguration and self optimisation
requirements placed on Small Cell groups.
This topic identifies aspects of autoconfiguration and self optimisation that are developed
under feature 80569, which Small Cell to Small Cell handover is dependent on.
Small Cell neighbour list generation
The Small Cell creates the Small Cell neighbor list autonomously. The 3G sniffer of the
Small Cell detects its neighbours and reads the information needed for mobility
management from the system information of the detected Small Cell neighbors. Also
neighbour cell information of direct neighbours is exchanged through messages between
neighbouring Small Cells to increase the probability of a complete Small Cell neighbour
cell list.
The Small Cell neighbor cells can also be individually provisioned per Small Cell through
the SCMS. Manual provisioning can be applied when the automatic detection does not
provide the needed neighbours. The auto-configuration/self-optimisation function copies
all configured Small Cell neighbours into the Small Cell neighbour list.
The generated Small Cell neighbour cell list contains all neighbours independent of a
potential group assignment.
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The mobility management function uses the generated Small Cell neighbour list as input
to derive the neighbours sent to the UE in the measurement control message.
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Handover trigger
The inter-Small Cell handover algorithm is based on UE measurements of the serving and
neighboring Small Cells, that is, UE assisted handover is applied. The handover is
triggered, when the quality of a Small Cell neighbor cell is better than the current serving
Small Cell by a certain hysteresis value. The handover parameters for Small Cell to Small
Cell handover are configurable through the SCMS.
The Small Cell instructs the UE to measure Small Cell neighbour cells after the CS voice
RAB has been setup between the UE and the CS domain. Only those Small Cells are
measured, which belong to the same group as the current Small Cell. Event triggered
handover is used. The handover procedure is performed to the best Small Cell reported by
the UE.
The Small Cell to Small Cell handover algorithm can run in parallel to the supported
Small Cell to macro handover algorithms. In this case the handover parameters are set
such that Small Cell to Small Cell handover is performed, if possible, before a call is
handed over to the macro network.
Handover procedure
The handover procedure between Small Cells is a hard handover procedure. The user
plane is interrupted during the switch over from the source to the target Small Cell. Small
Cell to Small Cell handover is seamless for CS voice calls.
Small Cell to Small Cell handover is supported for CS voice calls. CS data and PS only
calls are dropped when they leave the coverage area of a Small Cell. If the user has both
CS voice and PS calls established, then the PS call is released and the CS voice call is
handed over to the target Small Cell.
Small Cell to Small Cell handover does not impact the core network, that is, the handover
procedure is performed locally within the Small Cells cluster. The control plane is
switched from the source Small Cell to the target Small Cell in the BSG.
The CS user plane is switched in the BVG. Source and target Small Cells must belong to
the same Small Cells cluster. Source and target Small Cells must be connected to the
same Security Gateway.
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Small Cell to Small Cell signaling path
The Small Cell network provides an inter-Small Cell signaling interface enabling the
execution of the handover procedure between source and target Small Cell.
The interface is supported through the existing IPsec tunnels of the Small Cells, which
also carry the signaling with network entities in the central office, for example, Iu
signaling, BSGAP signaling.
The Security Gateway routes the signaling IP packets between the Small Cells, if the
source Small Cell addresses the target Small Cell through its IPsec tunnel end point
address.
A proprietary Small Cell application protocol (BSRAP) on top of a transport stack

enables the execution of inter-Small Cell procedures without involving the core network
or the BSG.
The following figure shows the stack in the Small Cells and Security Gateway.
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The Security Gateway receives the encrypted signaling packet (over UDP) through the
IPsec tunnel of the source Small Cell. The Security Gateway decrypts the signaling
message, routes the message to the target Small Cells IPsec tunnel and encrypts the
message for transmission to the target Small Cell. The data of the BSRAP and SCTP
layers are transparent for the Security Gateway.
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Use cases
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Use cases
Handover procedure
The following flow diagram outlines the handover procedure between two Small Cells for
a CS call.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
STRMGR: Stream Redirect
Response
11. BSRAP: BSR UE

Context Release
Control Plane has been

switched to target BSR
12. BSRAP: BSR UE Conext

Release Acknowledge
1. The UE has established a CS call in the source Small Cell.

2. The UE sends a measurement report triggering the handover from source to target
Small Cell. If the UE also has a PS connection, then it is released towards the SGSN
and the UE.
3. The source Small Cell initiates the hard handover procedure.
4. The target Small Cell performs call admission control, allocated the resources for the
CS call and prepares the air interface for the incoming handover. The target Small
Cell includes the Radio Bearer Reconfiguration message in the Small Cell Handover
Request Acknowledge message.
5. The source Small Cell forwards the Radio Bearer Reconfiguration message received
from the target Small Cell to the UE.
6. After the source Small Cell has received an indication of the successful transmission
of the RRC message to the UE, it stops transmitting to the UE and triggers the
switching of the CS user plan.
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7. The target Small Cell switches the user plan in the BVG from the source to the target
Small Cell.
8. The UE and target Small Cell have synchronized on the air interface. The user plane
is now established between the UE and the MSC.
9. The UE sends a Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete message. The UE has
completed the handover procedure and the RRC connection is now established with
the target Small Cell.
10. The target Small Cell switches the signaling plane in the BSG from the source to the
target Small Cell.
11. The UE context is deleted in the source Small Cell.
12. The source Small Cell acknowledges the UE context deletion and forwards messages
received during the handover phase from the MSC to the target Small Cell.
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Global definitions: Small Cell to Small Cell handover
Type
Parameter
Description
Syntax
BSRToBSRReportingCriteria1c
timetoTrigger
Indicates the time

during which the event
condition has to be
satisfied, before sending
a measurement report.
enum TimetoTrigger
Hysteresis
Defines a hysteresis
parameter for reporting
events.
real
A hysteresis parameter
may be connected with
each reporting event to
limit the amount of
event-triggered reports.
reportingInterval
Indicates the interval of

periodical reporting
when such reporting is
triggered by an event.
The interval is defined
in milliseconds.
Values
(0.0..7.5),
precision=1,
step=0.5 ,
unit=dB
enum
ReportingInterval
0 indicates no periodical
reporting.
For definitions of type umtsFemtoNCell, see the Small Cell Group Support chapter in
Alcatel-Lucent 9365 Base Station Router Small Cell Specific Features System Definition
Specification, 401-387-048.
Attributes of LCell class: Small Cell to Small Cell handover
Parameter
Description
Syntax
intrafrequencyFilterCoefficient
Depending on the
measurement quantity, filtering
is performed by the UE before
UE event evaluation.
enum FilterCoefficient
intraFreqNumCellsMeasReport
Specifies the number of cells to

be included in the
measurement report.
integer
Values
(1..6)
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Parameter
Description
Syntax
bSRToBSRreportingCriteria1c
Defines Small Cell to Small

Cell reporting criteria 1c.
struct BSRToBSRReporting Criteria1c
Values
Attributes of BSR class: Small Cell to Small Cell handover

Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
enableIncomingFemtoHandover
Determines whether a Small

Cell supports incoming
handover from another Small
Cell.
Boolean
enableOutgoingFemtoHandover
Determines whether a Small

Cell supports outgoing
handover to another Small
Cell.
Boolean
interBsrInterface
Defines attributes for use in the

interface between Small Cells.
struct InterBSRInterface
tBsrRelocPrep
Defines the time a source

Small Cell waits for a target
Small Cell to complete
relocation preparation for
Small Cell to Small Cell
handover.
integer
[1..30], unit=secs
tBsrRelocOverall
Defines the time a source

Small Cell and target Small
Cell waits for completion of a
handover.
integer
[1..30], unit=secs
tBsrUeContextRelAck
Defines the time a target Small

Cell waits for the source Small
Cell to forward signaling
messages following successful
handover.
integer
[1..10], unit=secs
tInterFemtoHandoverGuard
Specifies the minimum time

the source Small Cell prevents
the same UE from attempting
handover to the same Small
Cell when handover to a target
Small Cell fails for a UE.
integer
[1..120], unit=secs
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Attributes of BSRNeighbourCell class: Small Cell to Small Cell handover

Parameter
Description
Syntax
Values
bSRIdentity
Specifies the BSR ID of the

neighbour Small Cell.
integer
(0..65535)
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S6mall Cell to Small Cell

Handover Improvements
Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes the Small Cell to Small Cell Handover Improvements (84331)
feature.
Contents
6-2
Enhanced Handover
6-4
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Feature number

Feature description
This feature provides a number of enhancements to the procedures used for the handover
of calls between neighboring Small Cells for seamless mobility and reliable to the
end-user.
Impacted systems
Small Cell, SCMS

Feature Benefits
The feature improves the reliability of handover between neighboring Small Cells and as
a result of improved handovers, fewer calls are dropped when users move between
neighboring Small cells configured as a Small Cell group. This results in an improved
end-user experience.
This feature improves the Auto Configuration aspects required for handover between
neighbor Small Cells. Small Cell groups are capable of self configuration and therefore
reduce ambiguity in the unique identification of neighbor cells which is important for the
correct selection of the target cell for handover. Therefore there is less restriction on high
density Small Cell deployments and less reliance on manual configuration of Small Cell
groups to ensure uniqueness among neighboring cells.
Dependencies
None
Restrictions and Limitations
Handover is only supported for Small Cells managed within the same Small Cell group,
handover is not supported between groups.
Engineering Impacts
None
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Operational Requirements
To use the Small Cell to Small Cell handover improvements, all Small Cells within the
group must be upgraded to support the feature. It is not required to upgrade all Small
Cells in the cluster, but only Small Cells which are deployed in the area where handover
is applied and Small Cells belonging to the same group.
The Small Cell to Small Cell handover improvements feature is backwards compatible
with the existing Small Cell to Small Cell handover functionality to allow for the situation
that small cells within a group may not all upgrade to the same version of the software or
have the feature enabled at the same time.
Feature type
Basic
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Enhanced Handover
Introduction
The Small Cell network supports functionality of call handovers between neighboring
Small Cells and this feature provides a more comprehensive and flexible Small Cell to
Small Cell handover solution and improves the Small Cell KPIs for handovers and calls
drops.
The Small Cell to Small Cell handover feature is enhanced in the following key areas:
Enhanced Primary Scrambling Code selection to avoid clash with neighborsneighbors and improve handover decision
Discovery and use of neighbor cell timing for improved handover decision
Implementation of better call admission control on the target cell to improve the
success rate of handover for priority services
Improvement in the handover retry mechanism
Enhanced Primary Scrambling Code allocation using Neighbors-Neighbors cell information
During auto configuration and self optimization, the Small Cell minimizes clashes of the
Primary Scrambling Code (PSC) with its immediate Small Cell neighbors. However
another problem exists for handover scenarios where the PSC reported by the UE in
measurements used for handover is used to select the target cell.
Consider the following scenario:
There is a pool of six PSC (1, 2,...,6) allocated to the Small Cell network.
Small Cell 1 has configured with PSC-2, Small Cell 2 has configured with PSC-1.
Small Cell 3 cannot detect Small Cell 2.
Small Cell 3 performs autoconfiguration and determines that it cannot allocate PSC-2
(which is used by Small Cell 1), it can then select a PSC from the set 1,3,4,5,6. There
is a 20% chance that it selects PSC-1 which is used by Small Cell 2.
If Small Cell 3 did select PSC-1, there is then the problem that UEs attached to Small
Cell 1 sends measurement reports for PSC-1 and Small Cell 1 cannot determine if the
UE must be handed over to Small Cell 2 or Small Cell 3.
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This feature enhances the ability of the Small Cell performing autoconfiguration to
exchange information with its neighbor Small Cells to determine the neighbor cells of
these neighboring Small Cells. The autoconfiguring Small Cell then has PSC
information about its neighbors and its neighbors-neighbors and uses that to minimize
PSC clashes.
As an example, using this algorithm, Small Cell 3 contacts Small Cell 1 and find out
that Small Cell 1 has neighbor Small Cell 2 on PSC-1, therefore Small Cell 3 allocates
a PSC other than PSC-1 or PSC-2 (in this case it selects PSC-3) when allocating its
PSC
Improvements in the uniqueness of the PSC used by Small Cells in the Small Cell group
provides improvements in the target cell selection for handover by the source Small Cell.
Discovery of neighbor cell timing for improved handover decision
With dense reuse of PSC it is still possible to have PSC ambiguity even with
neighbor-neighbor information being used. The neighbor-neighbor information helps
reduce the probabilities of ambiguity but does not avoid it.
In the following example with six PSC, the problem is shown:
When Small Cell 7 performs autoconfiguration it can determine, using

neighbors-neighbor cell information that all PSCs have been either used by its direct
neighbor cells, or its neighbors-neighbors, therefore it must select one that has already
been used within the group.
If a UE was then connected on Small Cell 1, if the UE reported measurements for
PSC-1, Small Cell 1 would not be able to determine if the target cell for handover was
Small Cell 3 or Small Cell 7.
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In this feature the Small Cell uses timing information of neighbor cells to assist in the
determination of the handover target.
Each Small Cell, during autoconfiguration, shares the timing information (based upon
SFN-SFN differences) with neighboring Small Cells
For handover, the UE reports the SFN-CFN offset of measured cells along with the PSC
within measurement reports, the source Small Cell may then use this information to
compare with the information shared during autoconfiguration to determine the correct
handover target when there are multiple neighbors on the reported PSC
Improved handover for Higher Priority Services
The call admission control on the target Small Cell is improved by this feature to perform
the release of lower priority resources to allow the incoming handover of another UE to
proceed. Resources are freed up on the target Small Cell using:
Preemption of existing calls

Redirecting existing calls to Macro Cells
Reducing the resources allocated to existing UE's by reducing the data rate of PS
sessions
This enhancement improves mobility of higher priority services such as emergency calls
when target Small Cells are fully loaded.
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Optimizations of Handover Retry Mechanism
Enhancements are implemented such that if a handover failure occurs to a target Small
Cell, if there were other neighboring Small Cells reported in the measurement report used
for handover that are better than the current Small Cell then it immediately attempts to
perform handover to the next best target Small Cell. This continues until either all
candidate cells have been attempted or the conditions have changed such that those cells
are no longer considered candidate cells.
This enhancement results in fewer call drops when handover failures occur as it reduces
the possibility of the UE leaving the coverage of the source cell before handover has been
attempted to other candidate target cells. The source Small Cell attempts handover to
other potential target cells rather than wait for another handover trigger to be received.
Configurable Parameters
Parameters used for the Small Cell to Small Cell Handover improvements feature are
defined as attributes of class Small Cell as follows:
Enhanced PSC Allocation

Name
Description
Syntax
Values
enableGrpNeighNeighPSCevaluation
Enables a Small Cell

in a group to use
information of its
neighboursneighbours during
PSC evaluation to
reduce the
probability of two
neighbors having the
same PSC.
Boolean
default = false
pscReallocMinRscpNeigbNeig
Used when the

Small Cell is in a
group. During
determination of a
PSC clash on
neighbors-neighbors,
this is the minimum
CPICH RSCP to be
considered in a clash
evaluation.
Integer Units: dBm
-115..-25 default =
-110
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Name
Description
Syntax
pscReallocDeltaNeigbNeigb
Integer Units: dB
Used when the
Small Cell is in a
group. During
determination of a
PSC clash on
neighbours-neighbours,
the RSCP difference
between the source
to neighbor and
neighbor to
neighbors-neighbor
on the same PSC
must be smaller than
this to determine a
PSC clash.
Values
0..50 default = 10
Enhanced Handover using Neighbor Cell Timing information

Name
Description
Syntax
Values
enableTimingMeasurements
When configured in
a Small Cell Group,
this enables the
source Small Cell to
incorporate timing
measurements for
HO assistance.
When set as TRUE,
the Small Cell
evaluates the time
from midnight UTC
that it takes for the
SFN mod 256 to
cross zero. This
parameter may be
shared between
Small Cells (SFN
Offset From
Reference )
Boolean
default = false
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Name
Description
Syntax
Values
timingMargin
Margin that the

Small Cell applies to
consider a match for
Small Cell-Small
Cell HO in timing
against that reported
by a UE and that
which the Small Cell
has determined
against the neighbor.
Integer Units:
millisecond
0..2560 default =
100
isUEmeasReportUsedToUpdateTiming
If set as TRUE, the

Small Cell updates
any timing
measurement
derived from Small
Cell-Small Cell
signaling with the
UE timing
measurements
following a
successful handover.
If set as FALSE, the
Small Cell uses the
timing measurement
derived from Small
Cell-Small Cell
signaling in target
cell evaluation.
Boolean
default = false
Improved Handover for Higher Priority Services

Name
Description
Syntax
Values
enableNonEmergencyFemtoHandoverPreemption
Flag to determine
whether the
handover of a
normal call from
another Small Cell
can trigger
preemption of
existing calls
boolean
default = true
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Name
Description
Syntax
Values
enableEmergencyFemtoHandoverPreemption
Flag to determine
whether the
handover of an
emergency call from
another Small Cell
can trigger
preemption of
existing calls
boolean
default = true
enableEmergencyFemtoHandoverCallRedirection
Flag to determine
whether the
handover of an
emergency call from
another Small Cell
can trigger call
redirection of
existing calls
boolean
default = true
Optimisations for Handover Retry

Name
Description
Syntax
Values
enableHandoverToNextBestCell
Enables the source

Small Cell to
handover to the next
best candidate Small
Cell whenever a UE
fails to handover
successfully to a
target Small Cell.
Boolean
default = false
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7G Macro to Small Cell CS

3
Handover & 2G Macro to
Small Cell Handover
Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes the 3G Macro to Small Cell CS Handover & 2G Macro to Small
Cell Handover (75389 & 75390) features.
Contents
3G Macro to Small Cell CS Handover & 2G Macro to Small Cell Handover
7-2
Handover from macro network to Small Cells cluster
7-5
7-7
7-8
Small Cell Preparation
7-10
7-12
7-13
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Cell Handover

Cell Handover
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3G Macro to Small Cell CS Handover & 2G Macro to Small Cell

Handover
Feature number
Feature numbers 75389 and 75390.

Feature description
This feature enables the support of an incoming handover of CS voice from a UMTS or
GSM macro network to a Small Cell. In such a handover the target Small Cell is
identified by its primary scrambling code (PSC). Due to constraints on the size of
neighbor lists in UMTS, PSC are heavily reused by the Small Cells within the coverage
area of a single macro cell. This breaks the traditional straightforward mapping between
scrambling code and Cell-ID.
The Macro network has a mapping of Cell ID to Small Cell PSC, and with incoming
handover request, the BSG selects a target Small Cell based upon a matching PSC and
matches on the ACL.
Impacted systems
Small Cell, BSG, SCMS

Feature Benefits
This feature allows seamless mobility during voice calls from the macro network to the
Small Cell. The end-user can then benefit from the coverage and services offered by the
Small Cells. This supports call continuity in areas where otherwise a call may drop.
Handing calls over to the Small Cells may also improve voice call quality when the
macro cell quality is poor.
For the operator, it relieves the macro layer from calls which are best handled by the
Small Cells. In addition, Small Cells can be added or removed without the need for
re-configuration of neighbor cells in the macro network. When Macro RF resources are
stretched to the limits for a UE, users can be handed off to the Small Cells.
Dependencies
Feature 83083 - Incoming CS handover in Open access is dependent upon 75389,75390
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Cell Handover

Cell Handover
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Restrictions and Limitations
The macro to Small Cell handover has the following limitations:
Incoming handover is restricted to Small Cells operating in Closed Access Mode with
75389,75390. Feature 83083 provides a solution for open access.
The target Small Cell is identified by its primary scrambling code. As there are only
512 primary scrambling codes available in UMTS, they must be reused by the Small
Cells within the coverage area of a single macro cell. This breaks the traditional
straightforward mapping between scrambling code and Cell-ID. Without a direct
mapping between the scrambling code and the Cell-ID of the cell targeted for
handover, it is only possible to identify the target cell with a certain probability.
Furthermore, in this release only one target Small Cell can be prepared.
The macro network might try to handover to a Small Cell where the user is not
registered. At the same time the user may have access to another Small Cell with the
same PSC in the same cluster. The Small Cell cluster accepts the handover, but the
target Small Cell measured by the UE is not prepared for handover. Nevertheless,
handover to the Small Cell is continued. The handover fails and the UE returns to the
old active set. The macro network might repeat the handover attempt and each time
the user plane is interrupted.
If two different Small Cell clusters are partly covered by the current active set, the
RNC can only consider Small Cells of one cluster in the combined neighbor list.
Handover is not possible if the UE wants to handover to a Small Cell of the other
cluster not contained in the neighbor list.
Collisions of parallel handover attempts can happen on the air interface.
Handover attempts of emergency calls of UEs without SIM/USIM are rejected.
Handover attempts of simultaneous CS/PS calls fail. It is not possible to handover the
CS call only, but not the PS call. The Macro network releases the PS call on a CS+PS
connection before relocation can be successful.
Incoming handover failures affect the macro network KPIs. This affect is more
pronounced if the macro RNC keeps repeating the handover request.
Incoming handover attempts may result in false preparations of Small Cells and a
capacity degradation of the Small Cell while these prepared resources are held up.
Engineering Impacts
Following are the engineering impacts of the feature:
Provisioning of the macro network Cell ID.

Proper engineering is required in the macro network as, for instance, setting specific
handover thresholds towards the Small Cell layer.
Operational Requirements
The macro network must be configured to attempt relocation only when the quality of the
macro network is poor.
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Cell Handover

Cell Handover
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Feature type
Basic
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Handover procedure
Upon a handover trigger, UTRAN initiates the Relocation Preparation Procedure at the Iu
interface towards the CN. The UE has reported the primary scrambling code of the cell
targeted for handover. RNC includes the parameters provisioned for the reported primary
scrambling code consisting of Cell ID, RNC-Id, PLMN-Id and LAC/RAC (of the Macro
cell) in the Relocation Required message and sends the message to the CN. This is a
normal action for the standard relocation procedure and does not require special measures
in the macro network for the Small Cell handover.
The CN selects the target RNC based on addressing information received in the
Relocation Required message and initiates the Relocation Resource allocation procedure
with the Small Cell cluster, which appears to be an RNC for the core network.
The BSG maps the Cell ID received with the Relocation Request message to a group of
Small Cells, which might be the target for the requested handover. The Cell ID points to a
primary scrambling code identifying a group of Small Cells. This group can still have a
huge number of potential handover targets.
Assuming the Small Cells are operating in closed access mode, it does not make sense to
handover the user to a Small Cell, where they are not allowed to get service. Therefore, in
a second step, the BSG identifies those Small Cells out of the Small Cell potential list
which have listed the user on their access control list. (The BSG receives the IMSI of the
user in the Relocation Request message). If the IMSI is not available, the BSG rejects the
relocation request.
Checking the access rights of the user can result in the following cases:
User is not registered in any Small Cell - The BSG rejects the relocation request
with the cause Relocation Target not allowed.
User is registered in a single small Cell - The BSG forwards the relocation request
to the Small Cell and the handover procedure is performed with the selected Small
Cell.
User is registered in multiple Small Cells - The user is listed on multiple access
control lists resulting in multiple handover targets. In this case the BSG must select
one Small Cell to prepare. If the Relocation fails, the BSG starts a timer against the
combination of Cell ID and IMSI. When an incoming relocation request comes in
again with the same Cell ID and IMSI combination, the BSG tries a different target
Small Cell until the targets are all exhausted.
Note: In this release only one target is prepared (if any) and in future releases the
Small Cell network supports handover to multiple potential targets.
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It depends on the macro network whether it hands over both CS calls and PS calls. The
Small Cell network only supports handover of CS calls, therefore the incoming handover
of a CS+PS call fails, as it is not possible to handover the CS call only but not the PS call.
If the macro network does not support relocation of simultaneous CS and PS calls, the PS
signaling connection is released by the macro network before the handover attempt and
the PDP contexts are preserved in the SGSN and UE. After the handover, the UE initiates
the Routing Area Update procedure, which triggers the transfer of the GMM and PDP
contexts to the target system and the re-establishment of the packet bearers without user
involvement in the Small Cell.
The relocation procedure between the macro network and the Small Cell cluster is fully
3GPP compliant. The handover attempt to multiple Small Cells is not recognized by the
macro network. Also the interface to the UE is not impacted by this approach, only one
radio bearer reconfiguration message is sent to the UE in order to reconfigure the radio
for the handover target cell.
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Single target
Ideally the Small Cell and BSG must support the preparation of multiple target Small
Cells during relocation. However this functionality has a high impact on both, the Small
Cell and BSG, and is deferred until a later release.
This has the following impacts :
When the user is registered with multiple Small Cells on the same PSC, the handover
performance may be poor.
Feature 83083 - Incoming CS Handover in Open Access, requires that few open
access Small Cells may share the same PSC within the same Macro cell coverage.
RAB combinations
Macro to Small Cell handover is supported only for CS 12.2kbps speech. Any other
request from the macro network is rejected by the BSG/Small Cell and the UE moves to
the Small Cell through Cell Reselection procedures (idle or connected mode).
Feature
Signaling
Speech
CSD
PS
CS+PS
3G to Small
Cell 75389
No
Yes
(mono-rate
12.2)
No
No
No
2G to Small
Cell 75390
No
Yes
(mono-rate
12.2)
No
No
No
Access modes
Within the scope of features 75389 and 75390, the BSG filters the Target Cell ID from the
Relocation Request message which is mapped directly to a Small Cell PSC. Feature
83083 extends this filtering to more elaborate mappings of Target Cell ID and is aimed at
narrowing down the selection of Small Cells for both closed and open access Small Cells.
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Multiple targets
Typically the Small Cell network may be allocated a code, as low as 6 PSC, throughout
the network in order to relieve the burden on the Macro Network SIB capacity for cell
reselection information broadcast. Also with the Small Cell topology, there are many
Small Cells overlaid on top of a macro network. The macro network is typically
provisioned to map a PSC to a Cell ID in OAM for handover. With Macro to Small Cell
handover, each macro cell has a mapping of each Small Cell PSC to a Cell ID which is
passed in the relocation messages. An example is provided in the following figure, where
each color represents a Small Cell PSC.
Figure 7-1 Small Cell PSC to Cell ID mapping
Consider the case where the macro network receives a measurement report from a Small
Cell on PSC 102. The macro cell maps this to Cell ID 2, and trigger relocation to the
MSC which is then routed to Small Cell network through a relocation procedure. The
BSG receives the Relocation Request and then attempts to map the request to a specific
Small Cell.
The following issues occur :
The BSG may serve around 60,000 Small Cells.

The incoming Cell ID match, roughly narrows it down to one in 10,000 Small Cells.
And the list must be narrowed down further.
In closed access, the BSG narrows the list down further, based upon the IMSIs matching
the Access Class List (ACL) of each Small Cell.
When UEs are registered across multiple Small Cells, the BSG may still have more than
one match, but the list is considerably reduced. In open access, there is no ACL so the
problem, of filtering on all open access Small Cells in a cluster to find the correct one,
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remains. This requires some additional PSCs to be set aside for open access as well as
some further encoding on Cell ID, and this is left to the scope of feature 83083.
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Wrong Small Cell Prepared
Due to highly reused PSC, a handover request from the macro network points to multiple
Small Cells. In closed access, this is limited to cells with an IMSI in the access list, but
there is no guarantee that the UE is reporting to the cell it is registered with.
The following scenario may occur, for example, the UE may go into area of poor
coverage nowhere near its own Small Cell and report a PSC which matches one it is
registered with. This results in wasted resources in the Small Cells, the UE is interrupted
while trying to establish on the home Small Cell which is not available, and the Macro
network may retry the same procedure periodically.
To help mitigate for the periodic retry, the BSG rejects repeated handover requests within
a defined period.
Figure 7-2 Wrong Small Cell identified and prepared
From the diagram, consider the following scenarios:
Scenario 1
The handover process progresses as follows:
1. PSC1-6 available to Small Cell.
2. UE is in a voice call on Macro Cell 1 and gets into poor coverage.
3. UE sees signal from Small Cell 1 (where it is not listed in the ACL) and sends a
measurement report indicating Small Cell PSC1 is strong.
4. The macro cell attempts to relocate the UE to the Small Cell network, indicating a
Cell ID that maps to Small Cell PSC1.
5. The BSG maps the incoming relocation request to one which matches the ACL of
the UE and the PSC mapped to the Cell ID, i.e. Small Cell 2.
6. The macro cell sends the RB Reconfig message to the UE to relocate, but Small
Cell 1 is not prepared for handover.
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7. The UE searches for the physical channel configuration and does not find it, as the
prepared configuration is far away.
8. The UE has an interruption to the speech call (T312 for example, 1 second), and
leads to an unsuccessful handover.
Scenario 2
Small Cell 1 already has an ongoing voice call on the same channelization code that
Small Cell 2 selected (The Small Cell normally tries to allocate the lowest codes in
the code tree). In this case, the UE stays on the wrong Small Cell with its own call
blocked until the radio links are torn down or RLC disrupts in the UE - The power
control of the UE takes a random walk which could interfere with the whole cell UL.
Feature 83083 attempts to improve this scenario, by narrowing down the search based
upon enhanced information in the Cell ID mapping. In addition, features 75389 and
75390 overcome the second scenario regarding the channelization code clash, by
allocating a different branch in the code tree to which voice calls are normally established
on.
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Macro network configuration considerations
In inter-frequency deployments the macro network will not be able to configure

measurements to the Small Cell network at all times, as the measurements will typically
require compressed mode to be activated. As the macro network has no knowledge of
which UEs require handover, permanent measurements of the Small Cell frequency
would apply to all UEs, and would result in an unacceptable degradation in the macro
network. In addition the macro network is not able to discriminate between UEs which
are in the ACL of the Small Cell network and those which are not. This would result in a
high volume of handover requests to the MSC and the BSG.
Therefore it is necessary for the Macro network to configure the UE to trigger Macro to
Small Cell HO measurement reports only when the quality of the macro network is
degraded. In the Intra-Frequency case degradation will occur naturally as the UE
approaches the Small Cell where the Small Cell network interferes on the same frequency
as the Macro network. In the inter-frequency case it will be less prone to handover, but
adjacent channel interference can still result in a degradation of signal quality when the
UE is connected to a Macro cell and moves close to the Small Cell.
The following diagram shows the deterioration in quality with a decreased proximity to
Small Cell.
Figure 7-3 Decreasing quality with proximity to Small Cell
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3G Macro to Small Cell CS handover & 2G Macro to Small Cell handover parameters
Table 7-1
Name
Description
Syntax
Values
hoFromUmtsMacroEnabled
Enables/disables
incoming handover
from a UMTS source
cell. If set to TRUE
the feature 3G Macro
to Small Cell CS
Handover is enabled.
Boolean
[default = false]
hoFromGsmMacroEnabled
Enables/disables
incoming handover
from a GSM source
cell. If set as TRUE
the feature 2G Macro
to Small Cell CS
handover is enabled.
Boolean
[default = false]
tRelocComplete
Timer to guard the

relocation procedure
in case of incoming
handover from a
UMTS or GSM
macro cell.
integer
(1000..600000),
unit=ms [default =
6000]
tHoFromMacroComplete
Timer to guard the

post relocation
procedures until the
handover procedure is
complete.
integer
(1000..600000),
unit=ms [default =
3000]
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Table 7-1
(continued)
Name
Description
Syntax
Values
rABCommitLatencyDeltaReconfigStdProfile
Delta added to
rABCommitLatencyTime during a Radio
Bearer
Reconfiguration
Procedure for
reconfiguring a UE
from a Default 3GPP
physical/transport
profile to a BSR
physical/transport
profile.
integer
(-256..256),
unit=frames [default
= 0]
uERadioBearerReconfigResponseTimer
Timer to guard
reception of
RADIOBEARER
RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE/
FAILURE message.
integer
(0..2147483647),
unit=ms [default =
5000]
maxUmtsCellsRegister
The maximum
number of 3G cells
for a Small Cell to
register with the BSG
following network
listening. A setting of
0 means that no cells
are registered.
integer
[0..3] [default = 0]
maxGsmCellsRegister
The maximum
number of 2G cells
for a Small Cell to
register with the BSG
following network
listening. A setting of
0 means that no cells
are registered.
integer
[0..3] [default = 0]
thrRscpUmtsRegister
RSCP threshold in dB
from the maximum
RSCP for registering
3G Macro Cell
information to the
BSG.
integer
[0..90], unit=dB
[default = 0]
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Table 7-1
(continued)
Name
Description
Syntax
Values
thrRssiGsmRegister
RSSI threshold in dB
from the maximum
RSSI threshold for
registering 2G Macro
Cell information to
the BSG.
integer
[0..60] , unit=dB
[default = 0]
femtoPSClistAdd
Additional list of PSC

on top of
femtoPSClist to be
included for network
listening but not PSC
allocation.
sequence [0..16] of
struct FemtoPSC
shortScramblingCodePoolStart
Starting value of the

UL scrambling code
with short index used
within the default
configuration.
integer
[0..8191] [default =
0]
shortScramblingCodePoolSize
Pool size of the UL

scrambling code with
short index used
within the default
configuration.
integer
[1..8192] [default =
8192]
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Table 7-2
Attributes of class LCell
Name
Description
Syntax
virtualCellIdUmts
Used in 3G Macro to
Small Cell Relocation
as a signature on the
Target Cell ID. The
Target Cell ID is
typically encoded
with a PSC identifier
in some of the LSBs,
and Virtual Cell ID
use the remainder. Up
to three Virtual Cell
IDs may be
provisioned to a
Small Cell. A setting
of zero means that no
Virtual Cell ID is
allocated.
sequence [3..3] of
struct VirtualCellId
virtualCellIdGsm
Used in 2G Macro to
Small Cell Relocation
as a signature on the
Target Cell ID. The
Target Cell ID is
typically encoded
with a PSC identifier
in some of the LSBs,
and the Virtual Cell
ID uses the
remainder. Up to
three Virtual Cell IDs
may be provisioned
to a Small Cell. A
setting of zero means
that no Virtual Cell
ID is allocated.
sequence [3..3] of
struct VirtualCellId
Values
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S8ervice Based Redirection

and Handover to Targeted
Macro Layer
Overview
Purpose
This chapter describes the Service Based Redirection and handover to targeted Macro
Layer (10889) feature.
Contents
Service based redirection and handover to targeted macro layer
8-2
Service based redirection and handover to targeted macro layer description
8-4
8-6
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Layer
Service based redirection and handover to targeted macro

layer
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

layer
Feature number

Feature description
This feature allows the Small Cell to redirect, at connection establishment or handover at
RAB establishment, selected services to the neighboring macro layer. The service types
and the macro layer (2G or 3G) to redirect or handover can be configured.
Feature benefits
The feature provides the following benefits:
Increases the data capacity of a network in hot spots.

Provides quick deployment and requires minimal reconfiguration of the existing
network.
Provides the operator with the ability to redirect and handover PS streaming types
which are not currently supported on the Small Cell.
Note: The third benefit is of limited use for redirection, as the streaming cause is
rarely used to request streaming initially, more normally used is interactive or
background.
Dependencies
The feature depends on the following features:
1586- 3G Network Listening

75888 - 2G Network Listening
75888 - 2G Network Listening
10888 - PS and PS+CS handover from Small Cell to 3G macro (until this feature is
introduced only the handover of CS calls is possible).
Service based handover of PS calls are not supported.

Engineering impacts
None
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layer
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None
Impacted systems
Small Cell
Feature type
Basic
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layer description
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layer description
Deployment of Small Cell with feature
A typical deployment of a Small Cell with this feature enabled, increases the data
capacity of an existing macro network in hot spots, for example, coffee shops, shopping
malls, train stations, so on, to:
Redirect or handover all voice calls leaving the Small Cell as a data only network
element to increase data capacity
Redirect or handover all voice and non-HSPA PS traffic leaving the Small Cell as a
high speed data only network element to increase high speed data capacity
The service types and combinations allowed are configurable by the operator. And
include CS conversational, PS data for non-HSPA terminals, PS data for HSPA capable
terminals and PS streaming. Also the target macro layer (3G and 2G), and if 3G, the
frequency and band is also configurable.
Feature 100889 provides Small Cell, with the means to redirect or handover to the macro
layer certain types or combination configured service types, which includes CS voice,
non-HSPA PS data, HSPA PS Data and PS streaming to the macro layer.
This may occur at one of 2 stages in the call establishment procedure:
At RRC connection where the connection request is rejected with redirection

information included before the connection can be established
Following RAB establishment by handover to the targeted macro layer.
Enabling the feature
The feature can be enabled by the operator through the SCMS and the service types and
target macro layer and frequency are configurable. The target layer can be UMTS, GSM
or either with one preferred.
RRC connection
At RRC connection establishment, the establishment cause, and access stratum release
indicator elements in the RRC Connection Request message. This is used to determine if
the call is suitable for redirection. Once determined the connection can be redirected
using the RRC Connection Reject message, with the optional Redirection Info element
included. For the UMTS layer only inter-frequency cells are considered as a target for
redirection.
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layer description
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RAB connection
At RAB establishment, the traffic class element in the RANAP RAB Assignment Request
is used to determine the service type. In addition, when PS service based handover is
supported, UE capability is also considered. In order not to hold up call establishment, the
RAB is allowed to establish. And once established, an SRNS relocation procedure is
triggered, for the RAB selected, for service-based handover. RAB establishment follows
the existing RAB establishment and admission control procedures prior to handover,
therefore this may result in existing calls being downgraded, actively redirected or
preempted. If the handover fails the call is allowed to continue on the Small Cell.
As long as PS handover to 2G or 3G macro is supported, only RABs from the CS domain
are considered.
Emergency calls are not subject to service based redirection or handover. Incoming
handover calls are not subject to service based handover.
The handing over the CS leg of a simultaneous bearer call, is configurable. This is when a
terminal has an existing Iu PS connection, whenever a new CS RAB is established, and in
this case handover depends on this parameter value. While a PS handover is not
supported, any existing PS RAB is dropped when a simultaneous bearer call is handed
over.
The target 3G macro cell for redirection or handover is from a configured frequency and
band, if configured (for handover the cell must also be in the detected list). Else the
strongest of the cells, detected by the 3G Network listening function run during
auto-configuration and self-optimization.
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Configuration management
Parameter
Description
Syntax
Interface
Provis ion
LCELL::sBEnable
Feature enabled
for service base
redirection and
targeted
handover
Boolean False =
disable (default),
True = enable
bulkcm
preprovi sion
LCELL::sBSimBearerHO
Allows the
service based
handover of
simultaneous
bearer
Boolean False =
do not Handover
sim bearer, True
= Handover sim
bearer
bulkcm
bsrprofi le
LCELL::sBReDirRepeatAl lowed
Allows repeat
attempts at
redirection for
service based
redirection
Boolean False =
do not allow,
True = allow
(default)
bulkcm
bsrprofi le
LCELL::rrcMappingTable
RRC Mapping
table RRC
connection,
establishment
cause to action
to be taken per
service type
Sequence
[021] of struct
of
rrcMappingTable
bulkcm
bsrprofi le
LCELL::sBCsRabMapping
Table
Service based
mapping table
CS RAB
establishment,
traffic class to
action to be
taken per service
type
Sequence
[021] of struct
of
rrcMappingTable
bulkcm
bsrprofi le
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Parameter
Description
Syntax
Interface
Provis ion
LCELL::targetHOFddFreq
CS
Defines the
service based
preferred
frequency and
band for
outgoing
handover of UEs
with CS calls.
[0..1] Structure
of frequency
bulkcm
bsrprofi le
LCELL::targetHOFddFreq
CSPS
Defines the
service based
preferred
frequency and
band for
outgoing
handover of UEs
with
simultaneous CS
and PS calls.
[0..1] Structure
of frequency
bulkcm
bsrprofi le
SbRrcConnectionAttemptT
imer (existing
parameter)
BRRM-OAM
internal
parameter Timer
to gate RRC
reject returning
with follow up
RRC Connection
Request
[0..65535],
unit=secs
Default = 60
static
bsrprofi le
targetHOCS
(existing
parameter)
Defines the
allowed and
preferred target
system for
enum TargetHO
Default =
fddPreferred
bulkcm
bsrprofi le
The existing parameters LCELL::hoFromGsmMacroEnabled and LCELL::hoFromUmtsMacroEnabled are used to control incoming CS handovers.
Frequency is an existing structure.
Type Name
Field Name
Description
Syntax
rrcMappingTable
establishmentCause
RRC connection
establishment cause
Enum:establishmentCause
rrcMappingTable
sBReDirect
Redirection allowed
Enum sBAllowed
Default = No
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Type Name
Field Name
Description
Syntax
rrcMappingTable
sBMacroTarget
Macro Target for

redirection
Enum TargetHO
Default =
fddPreferred
rrcMappingTable
sBTargetFddULFreq
Macro FDD UL
frequency for
redirection,
uARFCNUL
Integer [0 16383]
Default = 0 indicates
frequency not
populated
rrcMappingTable
sBTargetFddDLFreq
Macro FDD DL
frequency for
redirection,
uARFCNDL
Integer [0 16383]
Default = 0 indicates
frequency not
populated
sBCsRabMappingTable
trafficClassRab
Traffic class for CS

RAB
Enum:trafficClassRab
The following enum are used:

Name
Description
Permitted value
sBAllowed
Determines if Service Based

redirection or Handover is
allowed taking into account
the terminal type
No = 1 AllUE = 2
AllNonHspaUE = 3
AllHspaUE = 4
Notes:
1.
The following existing ENUMs is used: TargetHO, trafficClassRab, FDDRadioFrequenctBand
2.
The following enum from the Cell FACH feature is used: establishment Cause
3.
The following tuneable static is used RRCConnectAttempt_timer
The following is an example of the data population for service type - CS voice:
Table 8-1
establishmentCause
sBReDirect
sBMacroTar
get
sBTargetF
ddULFreq
sBTargetF
ddDLFreq
sBTarget
FreqBand
originatingConversationalCall
AllUE
gsmPreferred
UL ARFCN
DL ARFCN
fdd2100
originatingStreamingCall
No
disable
n/a
n/a
n/a
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Table 8-1
(continued)
establishmentCause
sBReDirect
sBMacroTar
get
sBTargetF
ddULFreq
sBTargetF
ddDLFreq
sBTarget
FreqBand
originatingInteractiveCall
No
disable
n/a
n/a
n/a
originatingBackground
No
disable
n/a
n/a
n/a
terminatingConversationalCall
No
disable
n/a
n/a
n/a
terminatingStreamingCall
No
disable
n/a
n/a
n/a
terminatingInteractiveCall
No
disable
n/a
n/a
n/a
terminatingBackgroundCall
No
disable
n/a
n/a
n/a
Table 8-2
RAB Establishment Mapping Table sBCsRabMappingTable
LCELL::sBCsRabMappingTable
trafficClassRab
conversational
Notes:
1.
The action taken by the core network when redirecting terminating calls is unclear and
therefore to ensure a good and reliable experience for the customer, the call will be accepted
and later handed over at RAB establishment. The terminating establishment causes have
been left in the table in case terminating call redirection is required.
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Glossary
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Numerics
3G
Third-generation wireless
Used to describe technologies such as UMTS and CDMA-2000 that support both voice channels
and higher-capacity data channels.
Also used to describe products that support these technologies.
3G-MSC
Third Generation - Mobile Switching Center

3GPP
Third Generation Partnership Project

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ack
Acknowledge
ACM
Address Complete Message

ALCAP
Access Link Control Application Protocol

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
BCCH
Broadcast Control Channel

BSC
Base Station Controller

BSG
BSR Signaling Gateway

BSR
Base Station Router

BSS
Base Station Subsystem

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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
BTS
Base Tranceiver Station

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
CC
Cumulative Counter
CN
Core Network
CPICH
Common Pilot Channel

CS
Circuit Switched
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
DAHO
Database Assisted Handover

dB
Decibel
dBM
A power level compared with 1 milliwatt

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ec/Io
The received energy per chip divided by the total power density in the band.
Ec/No
The received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
FACH
Forward Access Channel

FDD
Frequency Division Duplex

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
G-MSC
Global - Mobile Services Switching Center

GSM
Global System for Mobile communications

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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
HCS

HHO
Hard Handover
HO
Handover
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
IAM
Initial Address Message

IPsec
Internet Protocol Security

Itf
Interface
Iu
Interface UTRAN
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
MAP
Mobile Application Part

MSC
Mobile Services Switching Center

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
PDU
Protocol Data Unit

PS
Packet Switched
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
RAB
Radio Access Bearer

RACH
Random Access Channel

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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
RANAP
Radio Access Network Application Part

RAT
Radio Access Technology

RL
Radio Link
RLA_C
Average power of the signal carrier wave.

RNC
Radio Network Controller

RRC
Radio Resource Control

RSCP
Received Signal Code Power

RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator

Rx
Receiver, Receive side

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
SABM
Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode

SCMS
Small Cell Management System

SIB
System Information Broadcast

SMS
Short Message Service

SRNS
Serving Radio Network Subsystem

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
TS
Technical Specification
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
TX
Transmitter, Transmit side

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
UA
Unnumbered Acknowledgement
UE
User Equipment
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

UTRAN
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
VLR
Visitor Location Register
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Index
Numerics
75392, 4-2
2G macro cell reselection
75494, 5-2
parameters, 1-6
84331, 6-2
3G macro cell reselection
Frequencies
parameters, 1-5
3G macro cells
cell ranking, 1-5
HCS, 4-4
................................................................................................
G Goals
................................................................................................
cell reselection, 1-5
A ACL, 7-8, 7-12, 7-13
GSM, 7-2
................................................................................................
GSM to UMTS
B Blind handover, 2-2, 3-2
cell reselection, 1-6
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
C Cell layers, 4-4
H Handover
cell reselection mechanisms, 1-2
Cell ranking
3G macro cells, 1-5
inter-RAT, 3-2
Cell reselection, 4-4
to macro cell (2G), 3-2
GSM to UMTS, 1-6
to macro cell (3G), 2-2
on macro layer, 1-2
HCS
................................................................................................
activating, 4-4
Hierarchical Cell Structure feature, 4-2
F Feature number
How to
10889, 8-2
comment, xiii
34529, 1-2
34530, 2-2
................................................................................................
34531, 3-2
Idle mode support, 1-2
75389 & 75390, 7-2

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Alcatel-Lucent SC
IN-1
401-387-047 Release 2.4.0
Issue 1 April 2011
Index
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Indoor coverage
Macro and Small Cell, 1-7
Inter-RAT handover, 3-2
Small Cell
Pilot, 1-10
Small Cell to Small Cell Handover feature, 5-2
................................................................................................
Small Cell to Small Cell Handover Improvements, 6-2
L Layers
States
cell, 4-4
HCS, 4-4
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
M Macro cell pilot, 1-8
U UMTS, 7-2
Macro layer cell reselection, 1-2

................................................................................................
N Neighbour cell selection
on macro layer, 1-2

................................................................................................
P Parameters
2G macro cell reselection, 1-6

3G macro cell reselection, 1-5
Penetration losses, 1-8
Pilot
macro cell, 1-8
Small Cell, 1-10
Priorities
HCS, 4-4
PSC, 7-10
................................................................................................
R RAB, 7-7
RANAP relocation procedure, 2-2

Recommendations
reselection, 1-7
Reselection
cell, 4-4
................................................................................................
S Service Based Redirection, 8-2
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Alcatel-Lucent SC
IN-2
401-387-047 Release 2.4.0
Issue 1 April 2011

401-387-047R2 4 0 Alcatel-Lucent Small Cell Mobility Management SDS (Issue 1 April 2011)

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401-387-047R2 4 0 Alcatel-Lucent Small Cell Mobility Management SDS (Issue 1 April 2011)

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Use pursuant to applicable agreements

Use pursuant to applicable agreements

Reason for revision

New in this release

How to use this document

Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter frequency)

Handover from Small Cell to macro 3G

Handover to 3G macrocell ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-9

Attempted Small Cell to W-CDMA measurement ..................................................................................................... 2-15

Handover from Small Cell to macro 2G

Handover methods .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-5

Successful Small Cell to GSM measurement ............................................................................................................... 3-10

Hierarchical Cell Structure

Small Cell to Small Cell Handover

Use cases ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-9

Small Cell to Small Cell Handover Improvements

3G Macro to Small Cell CS Handover & 2G Macro to Small Cell Handover

Multiple Target Small Cells

Small Cell Preparation .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-10

Macro to Small Cell Handover Parameters

Service Based Redirection and Handover to Targeted Macro Layer

Attributes of class BSR

Attributes of class LCell

RRC Connection Mapping Table rrcMappingTable

RAB Establishment Mapping Table sBCsRabMappingTable

Small Cell PSC to Cell ID mapping

Wrong Small Cell identified and prepared

Decreasing quality with proximity to Small Cell

About this document

Small Cell to Small Cell Handover (75494)

Service Based Redirection and Handover to Targeted Macro Layer (10889)

Reason for revision

The reissue reasons are:

Reason for reissue

April 22, 2011

September 30, 2010

New in this release

About this document

The following features have been implemented in release 2.4.0:

BSR Femto has been changed to Small Cell

Minor editorial changes.

Network Operation and Maintenance Specialists

Engineers with responsibility for network planning, design, configuration, or

How to use this document

Refer to this document for information on the Mobility Management features.

No special conventions are used in this information product.

About this document

1-888-582-3688 (for the United States)

About this document

1 ell reselection to/from

This chapter describes the cell reselection (34529) feature.

Small Cell/Macro cell reselection

Cell reselection requirements

Cell selection and reselection parameters

Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter

Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter

Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter

Feature number 34529.

intra-frequency neighbour cells

Auto-configuration, self-configuration and self-optimisation procedures determine the

The UE camps on a Small Cell as soon as Small Cell coverage is provided.

Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter

Cell reselection to/from macro layer (2G or 3G, intra/inter